• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.52-59
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• 2013

It was described the measured friction loss depending on pressure used and changes in water flow rates for a fire hose used at a fire scene on this study. As a result of actual measurement based on the result obtained by analyzing the use situation of a fire hose such as the kind, quantity, pressure used, etc. of a fire hose, the friction loss in a fire hose under the condition of using by a fire officer at a fire scene was measured as up to 56.8 %. This is much different from the equivalent length of a fire hose used to calculate the pump head in an indoor and outdoor fire-fighting facility. There is no related restrictive regulation on friction loss, there are even no data on friction loss measured by fire hose makers, and spreading a fire hose without considering friction loss at a fire scene can result in an increased length of hose used and a high-pressure water discharge from a fire engine, so this study aims to establish a standard for an equivalent length to friction loss in a fire hose and to propose a spreading method considering friction loss in a fire hose at a fire scene.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.237-247
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• 2018

In this paper, we describe a sensor module that monitors fire environment by analyzing fire characteristics. We analyzed the smoke characteristics of indoor fire. Six different environments were defined according to the type of smoke and the flame, and the sensors available for each environment were combined. Based on this analysis, the sensors were selected from the perspective of firefighter. The sensor module consists of an RGB camera, an infrared camera and a radar. It is designed with minimum weight to fit on the robot. the enclosure of sensor is designed to protect against the radiant heat of the fire scene. We propose a single camera mode, thermal stereo mode, data fusion mode, and radar mode that can be used depending on the fire scene. Thermal stereo was effectively refined using an image segmentation algorithm, SLIC (Simple Linear Iterative Clustering). In order to reproduce the fire scene, three fire test environments were built and each sensor was verified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.132-138
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• 1997

For many years concrete has been the major building material for most construction. It is of primary importance that fire fighters or fire investigators have a full understanding of the properties of concrete so that better control of the fire scene is achieved. This, in turn, not only help to ensure a safer fire-fighting job but also a more successful fire investigation. So far as the fire scene investigation in concerned, knowledge about the thermal behaviour of concrete can help the investigators to determine the highest temperature that a particular spot of a fire scene has ever reached thereby providing data which may be of value in reconstructing the course of the fire.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.461-470
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• 2012

Fire scene is mostly destroyed by the flames but fire fighter's fire suppression and rescue activities also destroys a substantail portion. Structures and furnitures which has already become weaken can be easily damaged. Or when structures built up by moving to another location, it's very hard to restore the original state. Also if it is restored, the object has no evidence that it has existed. In all scenes, the scene can't be preserved when quick extinguishment, rescue activities and preventation of fire spread is needed. On this paper, it reviewed the notes about the possibility of field damage by fire suppression and rescue squad's activities. Also it has reviewed the notes how to minimize the field damage by putting out fires and rescue activities by observing the precautions. The reviewed information will help to make guidelines for preserving the scene. By this, it is expected to make a field study exactly by collecting more valid evidence.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2013

From an accident at 2:00 a.m. in November 2nd, 2012 that one fire-fighter died while suppressing the E land World Inc. Fire in Bupyeong-Gu, Incheon, we concluded the problem and the improvement method of using the wireless communication (the two-way radio) that the fire safety officer and the safety crew use when identifying the safety of the fire scene. And after the investigation, we could find that the communication between the fire safety officer and the safety crew was difficult in the scene of the fire by voice because of much noise, so they could rely solely on the wireless communication. Therefore, we investigated the wireless communication and its frequency now used in Incheon Fire Safety Devision. Also, we compared with those of the military and the police. As a result, by making use of the wireless communication and its frequency currently possessed in Incheon Fire Safety Division, we found that the fire safety officer and the safety crew rescuing people at the risk of their own life in the various fire scene can communicate effectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.182-194
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• 2022

Objectives: This study evaluates and recommends the priority of policy implementation to improve the fire protection clothing management system used by firefighters and the reduction of cross-contamination from contaminated clothing at the scene of a fire. Methods: It consisted of 7 experts and conducted three interviews and two modified Delphi surveys. Through the results of previous research and interviews with experts, a plan to reduce cross-contamination of fire suits and improve the management system was first derived. An improvement plan was presented in the four areas including resources, management, fire protection related work, and laws and regulations, and the priority of policy implementation was derived by analyzing the importance and practicality of the policy at the same time. Results: As a result of the analysis, the first priority was education on the health effects of pollutants at the disaster scene for firefighters, and the second priority was the addition of SOP for the primary decontamination of on-scene personal protective equipment in preparation for the health effects of the disaster scene, and education for fire suppression and rescue workers. The next step was to improve the management system of personal protective equipment such as fire suits and develop a training course for systematic operation. Conclusions: This findings could be used in the implementation of mid- to long-term firefighting policies for the systematic operation and establishment of a systematic management system for personal protective equipment such as fire protective suits.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.88-94
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• 2018

Fingerprints deposited on paper found at a fire scene are important evidence for determining a suspect's identity. On the other hand, because the temperature at the fire scene is very high, there are many difficulties in developing fingerprints. This study compared the effectiveness of ninhydrin, DFO, and silver nitrate to develop fingerprints deposited on paper exposed to high temperatures. Using a dry heat press, heat was applied to the paper at $200^{\circ}C$ for various times. Silver nitrate was found to be superior to the others under all conditions. Ninhydrin developed fingerprints weakly compared to DFO and silver nitrate. In addition, the sensitivity of DFO decreased with increasing exposure time. Therefore, it is recommended silver nitrate be used to develop fingerprints deposited on paper found at a fire scene.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 2016

A self-regulating heating cable is an electrical heating element by flowing an electric current between parallel conductors filled with an extruded semi-conductive polymer. Self-regulating heating cables are used mainly for frost protection purposes because the construction is convenient and the price is low. On the other hand, structural problems with imperfections of the insulation can cause a fire despite their usefulness. This paper deduced a direct method to derive the cause by investigating the scene of a fire due to a self-regulating heating cable and analyzed the basic problem using fault tree analysis. In this paper, the actual fire scene was a cold storage warehouse, and fire investigation was conducted. After investigating the fire scene and fault tree analysis, the cause of the fire could be attributed to dielectric breakdown of the self-regulating heating cable. This paper could be utilized in the fire safety activities and similar fire investigations.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can accurately segment a fire even when it is surrounded by smoke of a similar color. Existing fire area segmentation algorithms have a problem in that they cannot separate fire and smoke from fire images. In this paper, the fire was successfully separated from the smoke by applying the color compensation method and the fog removal method as a preprocessing process before applying the fire area segmentation algorithm. In fact, it was confirmed that it segments fire more effectively than the existing methods in the image of the fire scene covered with smoke. In addition, we propose a method that can use the proposed fire segmentation algorithm for efficient fire detection in factories and homes.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.68-78
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• 2010

The purpose of this study, fire officials during the field activities find causes fugitive dust of containing asbestos is the seriousness of the phenomenon is a threat case and through questionnaires, during on-site activities to prevent exposure to asbestos is effectively. Analysis of the relationship to field activities of fire officials and about the dangers of asbestos dust, asbestos cancer caused by asbestos, and to protect fire officials from the same disease like malignant mesothelioma, by varying the conditions of irrational, fire officials at the scene activities in advance of a deadly hazard is aimed to eliminate through optimization of organizational management and a safe and pleasant working conditions for fire officials through the deadly hazards at the scene of action is aimed to obviate. Also according to asbestos exposure by wearing protective equipment as well as thoroughly strengthen firefighting, firefighting awards to recognize the seriousness of the hazard factors, disease and provide compensation to the legal system, for diseases not yet recognized officially recognized by disaster supplemented by institutional, fire officials to improve morale and working conditions, etc. versus expectations is to improve public services.