• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2010

Lesion mimic mutant (LMM) plants display spontaneous necrotic lesions on their leaves without any pathogenic infection. Specific rice LMMs designated as spotted leaf (spl) including spl1, spl3, spl4, spl5 and spl6 are genetically known as lesion resembling disease (lrd) mutant. The inheritance patterns in the $F_1$ and $F_2$ progenies of these mutants are controlled by recessive genetic factors. Lesion development in the rice LMMs were controlled by both development stages and environmental factors. The rice LMMs exhibited higher numbers of spots under $45^{\circ}C$ temperature than those under $30^{\circ}C$. Contents of chlorophyll were drastically reduced at 60 days old LMM leaves when the spot formation was severe. The levels of endogenous hydrogen peroxide were highest at 45 days old mutants but reduced at 60 days old. Transcription levels of stress related genes including thioredoxin peroxidase and protein disulfide isomerase were reduced in spotted leaves than those of non spotted leaves. It could be suggested that scavenging system against reactive oxygen species induced by either stresses or innate metabolisms may not work properly in the rice LMMs. As these rice LMMs autonomously expressed clear lesions of lrd phenotype without pathogen infection, it could be useful to understand stresses responses in plants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.355-366
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• 2014

In this study, resistance responses were investigated during the interaction of Botrytis fabae with two faba bean cultivars expressing different levels of resistance against this pathogen, Nubaria (resistant) and Giza 40 (susceptible). Disease severity was assessed on leaves using a rating scale from 1 to 9. Accumulation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) were measured in leaf tissues at different times of infection. The expression profiles of two pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs) encoded by the genes PR-1 and ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase were also investigated using reverse transcription RT-PCR analysis. The accumulation of these defense responses was induced significantly in both cultivars upon infection with B. fabae compared with un-inoculated controls. The resistant cultivar showed weaker necrotic symptom expression, less ROS accumulation, a lower rate of lipid peroxidation and higher activity of the enzymatic ROS scavenging system compared with susceptible cultivar. Interestingly, ROS accumulated rapidly in the resistant leaf tissues and peaked during the early stages of infection, whereas accumulation was stronger and more intense in the susceptible tissues in later stages. Moreover, the response of the resistant cultivar to infection was earlier and stronger, exhibiting high transcript accumulation of the PR genes. These results indicated that the induction of oxidant/antioxidant responses and the accumulation of PRPs are part of the faba bean defense mechanism against the necrotrophic fungus B. fabae with a different intensity and timing of induction, depending on the resistance levels.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1252-1256
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• 2004

방사선 조사에 의한 phytic acid의 분해특성 및 항라디칼, 항산화 활성을 평가하기 위하여, phytic acid를 수용액 모델에서 방사선 조사(0∼20 kGy) 후 기존 항산화제(ascorbic acid, tocopherol, BHA)와의 항산화 특성을 비교하였다. 방사선 조사 후 phytic acid의 조사분해를 확인할 수 있었고, 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 그 분해정도가 유의적으로 증가하였다. 또한 phytic acid의 농도에 따라 방사선에 의한 영향도 다르게 나타났는데, phytic acid의 농도가 증가함에 따라 방사선 조사분해 정도가 감소하였다. 항산화 특성의 측정 결과, 방사선 조사된 phytic acid의 경우 DPPH 라디칼 소거능이 형성되었으며, 조사선량 및 phytic acid의 농도가 증가함에 따라 그 활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 저장동안 유지산패의 억제효과는 기존 항산화제보다 phytic acid의 항산화성이 유의적으로 높았으며 방사선 조사에 의해 유지 혹은 다소 상승되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 방사선 조사시 phytic acid의 조사분해와 동시에 항산화 특성을 증대시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2004

Whitening effect, which decreases the skin pigmentation, is the one of important targets in cosmetics. This study was investigated the effects of Scirpi rhizoma on ant ioxidation and melanogenesis. S.rhizoma is a rhizome of Scirpus fluviatilis G. a perennial Cyperaceae species of wide occurrence in Asia, Europe, Africa and North America. S.rhizoma shown scavenging activities of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the IC50 of 638${\mu}g/ml$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 21.7${\mu}g/ml$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. S.rhizoma treatment (48 h) suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 27% and reduced tyrosinase activity up to 31% at 100${\mu}g/ml$ in B16 melanoma cells. S.rhizoma was also able to significantly inhibit tyrosinase and TRP-1 expres- sion in protein level. These results suggest that S.rhizoma inhibited melanin biosynthesis by regulating tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore S.rhizoma may be useful as new whitening agent due to the antioxidant effect and the inhibitory effect against melanogenesis.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.499-502
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• 2004

장미과 식물(에탄을 추출)의 항산화력을 측정하기 위하여 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 자유 라디칼 생성 시스템을 이용하여 하였다. 또한 산화 환원 과정을 통하여 피부의 과잉 색소 생성에 관련된 멜라닌 생합성 과정의 조절 가능성을 조사하였다. 장미과 식물중에서 Prunus sargentii, Rubus coreanus, Chaenomeles sinensis, Photinia glabra와 Pyrus pyrifolia은 생합성 과정에서 dopa [3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) alanine]를 도파크롬으로 변환시켜 주는 tyrosinase 저해 효과를 나타내었다. MTT 실험법은 장미과 에탄올 추출물의 사람 섬유아세포에 미치는 독성정도를 실험하기 위해 사용되었다. 장미과 식물중 특히 Prunus sargentii의 껍질, Phorinia glabra의 껍질과 나무 그리고 Chaenomeles sinenis의 잎, 껍질, 나무 모든 부분에서 mushroom tyrosinase에 대해 $100{\;}{\mu}g/mL$에서 50\%$ 이상의 저해 활성을 보였으며, $10{\;}{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 강한 라디칼 소거 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 이들 추출물은 사람 섬유아 세포에 대해 높은 생존율을 나타냄으로써 멜라닌 형성 과정을 조절할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.35-49
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• 2003

In this study, in an attempt to search for functional cosmetic ingredients from higher fungal, we have produced exopolysaccharides (GF-l, approximately carbohydrate 75％, protein 25％) and polysaccharide (GF-2) of mycelium extract, by submerged culture of Grifolafrondosa. For applications in anti-aging cosmetic field, we investigated the diverse biological activities. Antioxidant activity and inhibition of Matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs) were investigated enzymatic assays by measuring the superoxide scavenging activity using xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and the proteolytic activity of MMPs using EnzChek Collagenase/Gelatinase kits, respectively. GF-l polysacchairde showed inhibition of superoxide radical by 90％ at a concentration of 0.2％ (w/v) and inhibition of collagenase by 45％ at 0.2％ (w/v). GF-2 polysaccharide of mycelium extract also exhibited good antioxidant activity. However, MMPs inhibition activity was relatively lower level compared to GF-l polysaccharides. The treatment of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) with GF-l and GF-2 polysaccharides increased the proliferation of fibroblast by approximately 23-25％ at a concentration of 0.5％ (w/v), also showed collagen synthesis increase in HDF by about 50％ at 0.5％ (w/v) compared to that of untreated control. We also report the moisturizing effects of polysaccharides in cosmetic products (O/W emulation) and its own ingredient, in vitro and in vivo. The GF-1 polysaccharide showed higher moisturizing ability than sodium hyaluronate, which is the most commonly used moisturizers ingredient. These results suggest the GF-l polysaccharide, protein-bound polysaccharide, may be used as an ingredient for new moisturizing and anti-aging cosmeceuticals.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2006

Plants have been used in traditional medicinal system for centuries. Bangladeshi medicinal plants have received considerable attention from the researchers for evaluation of their bioactivity. As a part of our ongoing research of screening the Bangladeshi medicinal plants, the ethanolic extract of Dendrophthoe falcata have been chosen for the present study. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of the plant have been assessed for their antioxidant, antinociceptive, and general toxicity. The extract showed potent antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}5.1{\mu}g/ml$) using DPPH radical scavenging assay, which is comparable to the standard ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}4.6{\mu}g/ml$). The extract significantly and dose dependently inhibited the acetic acid induced writhing in mice (71.2%, P < 0.001 and 28.0%, P < 0.05 for 500 and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively). A general toxicity was assessed by a simple and low cost assay using brine shrimp lethality as an indicator. The extract showed low level of toxicity ($LC_{50}100{\mu}g/ml$). Using different chromatographic techniques, quercitrin (quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-rhamnoside) was separated as the major component from the extract. The structure was elucidated by detailed 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectral analysis.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2001

To investigate the physio-chemical components and properties of aerosol particles in urban area sampling of aerosol particles was carried out in the campus of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, during snowfall. Aerosol particles were collected on millipore filter papers using a low volume air sampler. Their shapes, sizes and chemical components were analyzed by a SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) and an EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray). As a results, ice crystals of dendrite and column types were predominantly shown at mature and developing stage of snowfall intensity. The denerite and sector plate types of ice crystals were mainly originated from the sea but column types were come from soil. Scavenging effect by snowfall was greatly also shown at dendrite type ice crystals that embryo was fully developd. Al, Si elements were shown at high frequencies as compared with others. Na, Cl components were especially shown at high frequencies under the sea-breeze wind during snowfall. Anthropogenic aerosol particles had shown with irregular shapes and sizes, relatively. Mainly 3-7$\mu$m aerosol particles were abundant and coarse particles also could be seen during snowfall. Ca, Zn, Fe components mainly caused by spike tires from vehicles in winter season were dominant before snowfall, however the element S mainly caused by human activity was rich after snowfall. The pH values of snow in Sapporo city were higher than those at coastal area. The concentration of chemical components in aerosol particles was also affected by surface winds. Aerosol particles in urban area, Sapporo were mainly affected by human activities like vehicles and combustion with wind system. And their types were related with snowfall intensity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.313-317
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• 2013

쑥 분말의 첨가량을 달리하여 양갱을 제조한 후 이화학적 특성 및 관능적 특성을 알아보았다. $L^*$값과 $b^*$값은 유의적으로 감소하였고(p<0.05), 반면 $a^*$값은 점차 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 양갱의 경도(hardness), 점착성(gumminess), 씹힘성(chewiness) 및 응집성(cohesiveness)은 쑥 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였고(p<0.05), 탄력성(springiness)은 유의적으로 감소하는 경향이 나타났다(p<0.05). 항산화활성을 나타내는 총 폴리페놀 함량과 전자공여능은 쑥 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고(p<0.05), 전자공여능에서 보다 현저한 증가를 보였다. 소비자 검사결과 2% 첨가군이 모든 평가항목에서 유의적으로 높은 평가를 받아 양갱의 관능적 품질을 최대한 유지하면서 쑥 분말의 기능적 잇점을 최대한 활용하기 위한 최적 첨가농도는 2%가 가장 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate employee exposures to waste anesthetic gases, such as enflurane and sevoflurane in operating rooms of general surgical, children's and dental clinics of a large hospital located in Seoul and to analyze factors affecting the concentrations of waste anesthetic gases. The results of the study are summarized below. 1. Based on results of personal and area samples for airborne enflurane, all of the employees investigated in this study were exposed to airborne enflurane concentrations below the ACGIH-threshold limit value (TLV) of 75 ppm. 2. However, based on results of personal samples for sevoflurane, employees of two (2) out of eleven (11) operating rooms were exposed to sevoflurane concentrations in excess of the NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL) of 2 ppm. A similar trend was found in the area samples. 3. To investigate the source of sevoflurane emissions, airborne sevoflurane concentrations were measured on an anesthesia machine, a drug cabinet and a desk. It was indicated that the geometric means were 0.93 ppm, 0.83 ppm and 0.72 ppm, respectively. 4. Factors affecting waste anesthetic gas concentrations were the age of anesthesia machine, the volume of operating room and the extent of ventilation (p<0.05). 5. It is recommended that the use of anesthesia equipments be properly controlled, the operating room be well ventilated, and the airborne concentrations of anesthetic gases be continuously monitored.