• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

In this work, comparative study on antioxidative activities of extracts from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) produced in Korea and in China and Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) produced in Uzbekistan was conducted. Among three origins, 50% ethanol extracts (21.15 ${\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction (29.15 ${\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction (3.26 ${\mu}g/mL$) of G. uralensis from Korea showed the higher free radical (1,1-phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) than extracts from other origins. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of extracts from three origins on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay 50% ethanol extract (1.00 ${\mu}g/mL$) and ethyl acetate fraction (0.34 ${\mu}g/mL$) of G. uralensis from China showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of G. uralensis and G. glabra extracts on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. 50% ethanol extract and aglycone fraction of G. uralensis and G. glabra extracts from three origins showed cellular protective effects in a concentration dependent manner (5 ~ 50 ${\mu}g/mL$). Aglycone fraction of G. uralensis from Korea (${\tau}_{50}$ = 847.4 min)especially showed cellular protective effects four times higher than that from China (${\tau}_{50}$ = 194.3 min). These results indicate that G. uralensis and G. glabra extracts, which have been used as whitening agent, could be applicable to functional cosmetic ingredient as a natural antioxidant. Judging from the prominent cellular protecitve effects, it is concluded that G. uralensis and G. glabra extracts can protect the skin from $^1O_2$ and various ROS induced by UV.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.407-417
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• 2018

In this study, the antioxidant, cytoprotective and antimicrobial activities of 50% ethanol extract of Polygoni multiflori Radix (PMR) and its ethyl acetate fraction were evaluated to confirm the applicability as a functional ingredient. The activities of the major constituent of PMR were verified and 2, 3, 5, 4′-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (THSG) was confirmed to be the main component of extract and fraction using HPLC-DAD, LC-EIS-MS analysis. The phenolic and THSG contents of the ethyl acetate fraction were 11.1- and 3.0-folds higher than those of the ethanol extract, respectively. As a result of the DPPH assay and that of luminol dependent chemiluminescence assay in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/H2O2 system. the ethylacetate fraction was superior to the ethanol extract in free radical and ROS scavenging activities. Especially, the ethyl acetate fraction and THSG exhibited the similar scavenging activity like L-ascorbic acid in ROS scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction perceived the most potent cytoprotective effect against oxidative damage of erythrocytes induced by photosensitization reaction, followed by the ethanol fraction, THSG and that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol, which was used as a positive control. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. In particular, the antibacterial activity of the extract and fraction against S. aureus was superior to that of methyl paraben. Taken together, our results suggest that PMR could be used as a natural ingredient for antioxidant, cytoprotective and antimicrobial activities.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 2011

In this study, the antibacterial, antioxidative and inhibitory effects of Allium cepa peel extracts on tyrosinase and elastase were investigated. MIC values of the ethyl acetate fraction of Allium cepa peel on especially, S. aureus among the skin resident flora (Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus; Propionibacterium acnes, P. acnes; Pityrosporum ovale, P. ovale; Escherichia coli, E. coli) were 0.06%. The aglycone fraction showed more excellent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}=5.05{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction in the luminol-dependent $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were 0.05 and $0.03{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The cellular protective effect of the aglycone fraction on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes exhibited more prominent (${\tau}_{50}$, 480 min at $25{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) of the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction on tyrosinase were 9.16 and $8.68{\mu}g/mL$, the inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) of the aglycone fraction on elastase was $14.12{\mu}g/mL$ The transepidermal water loss of the cream containing 0.1% ethyl acetate fraction was decreased from $8.3g/m^2h$ in control to $6.8g/m^2h$ in the subjects applied with cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Allium cepa peel can function as antioxidant in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS, and possibly as antiaging agents. Allium cepa peel extract could be used as a new cosmeceutical for whitening and anti-wrinkle products.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2020

Copper possesses antimicrobial properties against certain bacteria and fungi. In this study, changes in microbial population, color and the antioxidant properties of dried red pepper powder (RPP) by contact with the surface of a copper plate were investigated. Lightness of RPP increased after treatment on the copper plate for 2 h at 55℃. The numbers of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria in RPP increased by 0.61 and 0.50 log on the surface of stainless steel and copper plates during 24 h at 37℃, respectively. The population of yeast and mold was reduced by 90% in the RPP treated on both copper and stainless steel plates under the same condition. Yeast and mold were significantly reduced on the copper plate during 2 h at 55℃. Scavenging activities of RPP treated on the copper plate for 24 h at 37℃ against DPPH radical were decreased; those for 2 h at 55℃ against ABTS radical were rather enhanced. The results suggest that copper might be applied in the processing and storage equipment in relation to RPP products for antimicrobial purposes.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities, inhibition activity against ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) and antitumor activity of extract from Acanthopanax senticosus HARMS fruits for development novel functional resources. In order to understand the factors responsible for the potent antioxidant and antihypertensive ability of fruits in A. senticosus, it has been evaluated for anti-oxidative activity using Fenton's reagent/ethyl linoleate system and for free radical scavenging activity using the l,l-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical generating system. The fruits extract of A. senticosus showed higher antioxidant activities than positive control, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol at all concentrations, while fruits extract of A. senticosus showed same degree of radical scavenging activity with positive control, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. The ability of fruit extracts from A. senticosus to influence the inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and xanthine oxidase (XOase) has also been discussed. The activity of growth-inhibitory of fruit extracts of A. senticosus was screened by SRB (sulphorhodamine B) method on diverse cancer cells representing different types of cancers. The fruit extracts of A. senticosus showed moderate inhibition on proliferation of LNCaP and MOLT-4F cells and did not inhibit the proliferation of other cancer cells. The fruit extracts of A. senticosus inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells with $GI_{50}$ values ranging from 5 to $10{\mu}g/mL$. This result revealed that the fruit extracts of A. senticosus was expected to be good candidate for development into source of free radical scavengers, antihypertentive, and anti-tumor agent.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Objectives : The main aim of this study was to examine the LC-MS/MS used to identify phenolic compounds of CRE(Coptidis Rhizoma 70% EtOH Extract). Also, we investigated antioxidative activities and Anti-inflammatory activities. Methods : LC-MS/MS Analysis HPLC and LC-MS/MS were performed on a 1260 series HPLC system (Agilent Technologies, Inc., California, USA) and 3200 QTrap tandem mass system (Sciex LLC) operated in positive ion mode (spray voltage set at -4.5 kV). The solvent used was DW and Acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, a gradient system was used at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min for analysis, and a Prontosil C18 column (length, 250 mm; inner diameter, 4.6 mm; particle size, 5 ㎛; Phenomenex Co., Ltd., California, USA, Biochoff Chromatography) was used. The solvent conditions used in the mobile phases were 0-10 min at 10-15% B, 10-20 min at 20% B, 20-30 min at 25%, 30-40 min at 40%, 40-50 min at 70%, 50-60 min at 95%, and 60-70 min at 95%. The analysis was performed at a wavelength of 284 nm and a temperature of 35℃. The cell viability was measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethyethiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. We examined the effects of CRE on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in a RAW 264.7 cells Results : The chemical analysis CRE by Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) confirmed that Rosmarinic acid, Ferrulic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, and 5-O-feruloylquinic acid as phenolic components. DPPH radical scavenging activity was the inhibitory activity of CRE showed at 200 ㎍/mL a statistically significant level. MTT assay demonstrated that the CRE did not have a cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Also, CRE reduced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. Conclusions : Based on these findings, The chemical analysis 4 major components CRE such as Rosmarinic acid, Ferrulic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, and 5-O-feruloylquinic acid. Moreover, we confirmed that CRE has effects antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The results demonstrate that CRE can be used as an antioxidant and a powerful chemopreventive ingredient against inflammatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2007

Adenophora remotiflora (Mosidae) is a perennial plant in the Campanulaceae family and a wild plant that only inhabits in Korea. This research analyzed the volatile compounds in Mosidae and their antioxidant activities. The volatile compounds in fresh, shady air-dried, and freeze-dried Mosidae were isolated by steam-distillation extraction (SDE) method using diethylether as a solvent. Volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antioxidant activities were determined using the linoleic acid system and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Sixty and seventy-two volatile compounds were identified from fresh and shady air-dried Mosidae, respectively. In fresh Mosidae, the most abundant compounds were ethyl acetate and heptyl acetate, while ethyl acetate and limonene were the most abundant in the shady air-dried sample. Inhibition of peroxide formation by fresh Mosidae was higher than that of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, and inhibition by shady air-dried Mosidae was same as that of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. Furthermore, volatile compounds from shady air-dried Mosidae had higher free radical scavenging activity than ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. The freeze-dried sample showed lower antioxidant activity in both the linoleic acid system and DPPH method.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1089-1102
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• 2004

Seasonal variation of biogeochemical characteristics was determined in Lake Shihwa from October 2002 to August 2003. When the lake was artificially constructed for the freshwater reservoir in 1988, the development of the strong haline density stratification resulted in two-layered system in water column and hypoxic/anoxic environment prevailed in the bottom layer due to oxidation of accumulated organic matters in the lake. Recently, seawater flux to the lake through the sluice has been increased to improve water quality in the lake since 2000, but seasonal stratification and hypoxic bottom layer of the lake still developed in the summer due to the nature of artificially enclosed lake system. As the lake is still receiving tremendous amount of organic matters and other pollutants from neighboring streams during the rainy summer season, limited seawater flux sluicing into the lake may not be enough for the physical and biogeochemical mass balance especially in the summer. The excess of accumulated organic matters in the bottom layer apparently exhausted dissolved oxygen and affected biogeochemical distributions and processes of organic and inorganic compounds in the stratified two-layered environment in the summer. During the summer, ammonia and dissolved organic carbon remarkably increased in the bottom layer due to the hypoxic/anoxic condition in the bottom layer. Phosphate also increased as the result of benthic flux from the bottom sediment. Meanwhile, dissolved organic carbon showed the highest value at the upstream area and decreased along the salinity gradient in the lake. In addition to the sources from the upstream, autochthonous origin of particulate organic carbon from algal bloom in the lake might be more important for sustaining aggravated water quality and development of deteriorated bottom environment in the summer. The removal of trace metals could be attributed to scavenging by strong insoluble metal-sulfide compounds in the hypoxic/anoxic bottom layer in the summer.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.541-546
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate ecosystem health effect in the physiological levels, based on ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assays using sentinel fish species. We collected fish samples of Zacco platypus in May 2008 from 3 sampling sites including upstream, midstream, and downstream of the Gap Stream. EROD activity was averaged 4.54 in the downstream, 2.7 fold higher than upstream and indicated that stream condition was degraded along with longitudinal gradient from up to downstream. Downstream, especially was significantly increased (p < 0.01) so that indicated various pollutants including nutrient enrichment and toxicant exposure from the point sources, wastewater treatment plant and industrial complex may impact to the stream condition. In the mean time, TOSC assays showed higher in the midstream than other sites, but the values were not significant, compared to the previous report on oxidative stress. Overall results indicated that our approaches applying two biomarkers can be effectively used for diagnosis of the physiological levels in an integrative stream health assessments and can be applied as useful pre-warning techniques as a biochemical alarm system of organic pollutions.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.313-318
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antioxidative and antimicrobial properties of ethanolic extracts from Allium victoriallis L. var. platyphyllum (AVP) with 6 different parts. The antioxidative activities of these samples were determined using the 4 separate methods that involved reducing power, DPPH, hydrogen radical scavenging, and lipid peroxidation with use of a $\beta$-carotene/linoleic acid system. The leaf part ethanolic extracts (1,000 ppm) showed the strongest inhibitory potential for reducing power, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals to 99.8, 49.4, and 52.8%, respectively. Inhibition values of linoleic oxidation were calculated as 58.0, 39.5, and 38.0% for seed, flower, and leaf ethanolic extracts (1,000 ppm), respectively, from AVP. In addition, the ethanolic extracts of the root part showed the most effective antimicrobial activity. The inhibition zones of the root ethanolic extracts ($200\;{\mu}g/disc$) of AVP against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus were 17 and 14 mm, respectively. In a micro-dilution assay, B. cereus, S. aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus exhibited sensitivity to root part ethanolic extracts with an minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 20, 28, and 18 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the AVP extracts may be suitable as antimicrobial and antioxidative agents in the food industry.