• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2020

Caenorhabditis elegans model system was used to investigate the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Mallotus japonicus twigs. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the M. japonicus methanol extract showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction was measured for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, to confirm that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction, SOD-3 expression was measured using a transgenic strain. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction increased SOD and catalase activity, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2020

Caenorhabditis elegans model system was used to investigate the antioxidant activity of Beta vulgaris L. (Chenopodiaceae) methanol extract. The methanol extract showed DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activity in a dose-dependent manner. The B. vulgaris methanol extract was measured for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans, along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, to see that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the methanol extract, SOD-3 expression was measured using a transgenic strain. As a result, the B. vulgaris methanol extract increased SOD and catalase activities, and decreased ROS accumulation, dose-dependently. Furthermore, the methanol extract-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.503-508
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• 2001

The essential oil of Acorus gramineus(Aracease), which has been used as an antioconvulsant in Korean folk medicine, was evaluated for its effects on antioxidative system in vitro and in vivo. This mixture of terpenes showed inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase activity with 13.3% at 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and on aldehyde oxidase activity with 5.0% at 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Lipid perosidation was inhibited by 49.4% at 1.0 mg/ml of the essential oil in vitro and by 16.7% after 7 days inhablation of an oil as compared to PTZ-treated control group. DPPH radical scavenging activity of this essential oil was ralatively werak.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2009

Abies nephrolepis(Pinaceae) extracts were tested for determined immune system regulating activity based on antiinflammatory activity, antioxidant activity and anti-proliferative effect on HeLa cell line. The A. nephrolepis extracts increased dose-dependently anti-proliferation of HeLa cell line. The DM fraction of the extracts having anti-proliferatative effects of HeLa cell line was fractionalized four subfractions($D1{\sim}D4$). Inflammation-induced NO production was inhibited by D2 and D4 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. And also, this fractions showed antioxidant activity examined by DPPH radical scavenging effects. These results suggest that the potential use of DM fraction of A. nephrolepis in chemoprevention and regulation overproduction of NO on pathogenic conditions. The mechanism of the inflammatory effects, however, must be evaluated through various parameters in the induction cascade of NO production.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.236-241
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of ethanol extract of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (EAP)-reduced melanogenesis and diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb., a perennial herbaceous plant, has been used as an antihemorrhagic, anthelminntic, and antiinflammatory agents in Chinese herbal medicine. In the present study, we observed that melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity of B16F10 cells were significantly decreased by EAP. However, EAP could not suppress tyrosinase activity in the cell-free system, whereas kojic acid directly inhibited tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, EAP decreased the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related prootein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related prootein 2 (TRP-2). EAP scavenged DPPH radical up to 41% with 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. These results suggest that the hypopigmentary effect of EPA was due to regulation of tyrosinase protein.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the cytoprotective effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes. RA exerted a significant cytoprotective effect by scavenging intracellular ROS induced by UVB. RA also attenuated UVB-induced oxidative macromolecular damage, including protein carbonyl content, DNA strand breaks, and the level of 8-isoprostane. Furthermore, RA increased the expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, heme oxygenase-1, and their transcription factor Nrf2, which are decreased by UVB radiation. Collectively, these data indicate that RA can provide substantial cytoprotection against the adverse effects of UVB radiation by modulating cellular antioxidant systems, and has potential to be developed as a medical agent for ROS-induced skin diseases.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2012

Recently, we reported that Jeju ground water contains vanadium components and exerts antioxidant effects in vitro and in vivo via the scavenging of reactive oxygen species and enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities. In the present study, the antioxidant actions of Jeju ground water were compared with those of tap water against gamma-ray radiation in mice. C57BL/6 mice were irradiated with gamma-ray at a dose rate of 2 Gy. The mice were then given tap water or Jeju ground water for 90 days. Jeju ground water compared with tap water enhanced the activities and levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in irradiated liver tissues. Jeju ground water also enhanced the levels of intracellular reduced glutathione, which is vital for normal liver function and repair. These results suggest that vanadium-containing Jeju ground water can safeguard against the harmful actions of gamma-ray radiation through the support of hepatic antioxidant processes.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.884-888
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant properties of different cultivars of grape skin extract in an in vitro system. The extracts were prepared from eight grape cultivars: 'Campbell Early' (CE), 'Kyoho' (K), 'New Kyoho' (NK), 'Muscat of Alexandria' (MOA), 'Seibel' (S), 'Morgen Schow' (MS), 'Gold Finger' (GF), and 'Meru' (M). The total phenolic acid contents were highest in MS and K. Resveratrol content was high in NK (50.88 mg/l g of coat), and quercetin content was significantly higher in K (0.68 mg/l g of coat) than in the other grape species (0.21-0.44 mg/l g of coat). The K and MS grape species, in which total phenol content was comparatively high (K: $24.15\;{\mu}g/mL$, MS: $25.52\;{\mu}g/mL$), also showed a high level of electron donating activity (K, 53%; MS, 59%). The hydrogen radical scavenging activity of M (50.36%) was significantly higher than the other grape species, including the S (50.21%), MS (49.43%), and K (49.06%) cultivars. Antioxidant activity varied depending on grape species, but overall it was highest in the MS and K cultivars.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.513-518
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of yield, total phenolics, saponin content and composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of various fractions of fine ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) by maceration method in the order of increasing polarity (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water). Butanol fraction showed the highest total saponin content compare to other fractions. Hexane fraction could harvest significantly high ginsenoside Rg2, Rg1, and Rf (p<0.05). And the contents of ginsenoside Rh1, Rg3, and Rg1 showed relatively higher in the fraction of ethyl acetate than other fractions. The system of hexane-chloroform-ethyl aceate-butanol showed relatively high content of ginsenoside Re, Rd, Rc, Rb3, and Rb1. However, the last fraction of water still remained lots of Rb2 content. The fraction of water was the highest phenolics. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazil, superoxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of water fraction was higher than the other fractions. In antimicrobial activity, the fraction of hexane showed relatively high antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli. And the fractions of the chloroform and ethyl acetate showed higher antimicrobial activities than the other samples in against P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.117-126
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• 2007

Ginseng, the root of Panax species, a well-known herbal medicine has been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years and is now a popular and worldwide used natural medicine. Ginseng has been used primarily as a tonic to invigorate weak bodies to help the restoration of homeostasis in a wide range of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, immune deficiency and hepatotoxicity. Although conclusive clinical data in humans is still missing, recent research results have suggested that some of the active ingredients ginseng exert beneficial effects on central nervous system (CNS) disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting it could be used in treatment of psychotic disorders. Data from neural cell cultures and animal studies contribute to the understanding of these mechanisms that involve inhibitory effects on stress-induced corticosterone level increasing and modulating of neurontransmitters, reducing $Ca^{2+}$ over-influx, scavenging of free radicals and counteracting excitotoxicity. In this review, we focused on recently reported medicinal effects of ginseng and summarized the possibility of its applications on psychotic disorders.