• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.471-490
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• 2023

In this study, the duck eggs were salted with none or 2.5% and 5.0% (v/v) of liquid smoke (LS), respectively. As a control, samples salted without LS were used. The 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, and reducing power of the three groups were tested at 0, 7, 14, and 21 and 28 days to determine the effects of LS on the antioxidant activity of treated eggs. In addition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-Nose) were used to analyze the volatile flavor components of fresh duck eggs, LS, control, and salted duck eggs enriched with 2.5% (v/v) LS after 28 days of salting. The TBA value considerably increased with an increase in salting period, and the treated egg's TBA value significantly associated with LS concentration. The TBA value decreased as the LS concentration increased. The amount of LS present was highly associated with their capacity to scavenge DPPH radicals. The reducing power of the samples was substantially correlated with the LS concentration, and the reducing power increased with increasing LS concentration. The GC-MS data revealed that phenols and ketones were the predominant chemicals present in the LS, and they were also found in the eggs added to the LS even though they were absent in the fresh eggs and control. The flavor of the control group and treated eggs with LS differed significantly, according to the principal component analysis and radar map of the E-nose. The texture study results revealed that the LS significantly impacted the hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of eggs.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2022

Major egg white proteins and their hydrolysates serve as functional food ingredients that have certain metal-chelating properties. Employing egg white proteins and their hydrolysates to scavenge dietary oxalates is anticipated to have beneficial effect in the prevention of kidney stones. The objective of this study was to determine the biogenic oxalate-chelating activity of ovalbumin, ovomucin, and ovotransferrin and their hydrolysates. To prepare oxalate extracts, 30 mL of 0.25 N HCl was added to separately to 0.5 g of dried spinach and starfruit powders followed by boiling for 15 min, and after cooling, the addition of a further 20 mL of 0.25 N HCl. Having prepared these extracts, ovalbumin, ovomucin, and ovotransferrin and their hydrolysates were separately mixed with oxalate extracts and incubated at 3℃ for 24 h. Following centrifugation, supernatants were analyzed by HPLC using a reverse-phase C18 column coupled with a diode array detector. We found that all assessed proteins and their hydrolysates showed biogenic oxalate-chelating activity against the oxalates of spinach. In contrast, however, only ovalbumin, ovalbumin-hydrolysate, and ovomucin showed chelating activity (57.10%±8.84%, 85.44%±5.30%, 73.20%±4.13%, respectively) against the oxalates of starfruit (P<0.05). Overall, hydrolyzed ovalbumin was identified as the most effective chelator of the oxalates both spinach and starfruit. In this study, we thus established that the assessed egg white proteins and their hydrolysates have oxalate-chelating activity in vitro, thereby indicating that these compounds have potential utility as nutraceuticals for the chelation of dietary oxalate. However, further research will be necessary to verify their oxalate-chelating activities against different fruits and vegetables and under specific in vivo conditions and against purified oxalate.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.96-106
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• 2017

This study aims to identify the chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of essential oil, extracted from the leaves of Neolitsea aciculata (Blume) Koidz by the hydrodistillation method. To the end, the chemical composition of N. aciculata leaf oil was firstly analyzed through GC/MS. The major constituents of essential oil were found to be: cis-ocimene (11.00%), trans-ocimene (9.65%), elemol (9.15%), ${\beta}$-elemene (8.75%), germacrene-D (7.55%), trans-caryophyllene (5.90%), ${\gamma}$-elemene (5.40%) and ${\tau}$-muurolol (4.95%). Then, the antioxidant potential of the essential oil was evaluated by the methods of total polyphenolic content (TPC) assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). It was estimated that the total polyphenolic content of the oil was $136.7{\pm}0.13\;mg\;GAE/g$ and the efficient concentration of the oil required to scavenge 50% DPPH radicals ($EC_{50}$ value) was $639.33\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Also, ABTS radical scavenging activity was identified to be concentration dependent, while the FRAP value was $31.21{\pm}0.12\;{\mu}M$ $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O/g$. Such figures, as a result, suggest that the essential oil extracted from the leaves of N. aciculata has its antioxidant activity, which can serve as significant health functional benefits.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2013

Clinical and preclinical trials of involving drugs with anti-obesity effects have focused on screening for herbal medicines suspected to have anti-obesity activities. In this study, an extract of Aster scaver Thunb., which was prepared in 80% methanol (ASE), was assessed for its total phenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity ability to scavenge the ${\alpha}-{\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline]-6-sulfonic acid radical, and anti-adipogenic effects. The anti-adipogenic effect of ASE on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes to adipocytes was investigated by assaying the suppression of adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation by using western blot analysis and the Oil Red-O assay, respectively. The staining results showed that ASE significantly inhibited 3T3-L1. Western blot analysis results showed that ASE decreased the levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c. These results demonstrate that ASE directly inhibits the differentiation of preadipocytes, and might be an important adjunct in the therapeutic efforts to reduce adipogenesis.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2005

This work was carried out to investigate the antioxidative effects of Acanthopnax sessiliflorus from Jeongseon County for the purpose of development of a novel antioxidant from natural products. The antioxidant activity was determined by using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), not measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) which have bun used for antioxidant activity of natural sources. Although DPPH radical scavenging activity assay have been generally used for antioxidant activity, this assay is nut appropriated for determinating which radical is scavenged by extracts from natural products. Using EPR, we determinated whether A. sessiliflorus extracts from Jeongseon County scavenge specific radicals or not. On experiment of scavenging superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, nitrogen dioxide and peroxinitrite. Extracts from A. sessiliflorus showed high antioxidant activities to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. These result suggest that extracts from A. sessiliflorus act as an antioxidant by scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and used as new cosmetic ingredients for anti-oxidative stress in skin.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2019

Prostate cancer(PrCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in man. Medicinal plants are exploited for many drugs to treat various ailments. The drugs derived from the plants promote health, augmented the resistance of the body against disease. Pueraia lobata(wild) Ohwi(P. Lobata), kudzu, which is a twining perennial woody herb native to China, Korea, Japan, India, and the United States. Plants such as Moringa oleifera, have hypoglycemic properties and other beneficial properties. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of kadzu and moringa, natural plant products on antioxidant activity and proliferation of the hormone-sensitive prostate cancer LNCaP cells. MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis were employed to investigate the anticancer mechanism and DPPH assay was determined to the antioxidant activity to scavenge free radicals in extract of these. All two extracts showed significantly antioxidant activity at 10 and 50mg/ml of concentration. kadzu and moringa reduced LNCaP cell viability in a dose dependent manner. Specially moringa extract was more potent cytotoxic than kadzu extract. Statistical analyses revealed kadzu and moringa exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity in LNCaP. The finding of this study provides a scientific basis for using kadzu and moringa in future development of chemotherapeutic drugs against hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.27-42
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• 2005

Objectives : Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These plaques are associated with degenerating neuronal processes and consist primarily of fibrillary aggregates of beta-amyloid$ protein, generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP). Another amyloidogenic fragment, the carboxyl terminus (CT) of APP, which is composed of 99-105 amino acid residues containing the complete $A{\beta}$ sequence, also appears to be toxic to neurones. Recent evidence suggest that CT105, carboxy terminal 105 amino acids peptide fragment of APP, may be an important factor causing neurotoxicity in AD. Methods : Although a variety of oriental prescriptions including Pinelliae rhizoma have traditionally been utilized for the treatment of AD, their pharmacological effects and action mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated effects of the dichloromethane extract of Pinelliae rhizoma (PINR) on neurotoxicity and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in SK-N-SH cells overexpressed with CT105. In addition, we evaluated its radical scavenging activity and effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Furthermore, effects on cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine treatment in rats were evaluated. Results ; We found in this study that PINR significantly inhibited apoptotic neuronal death induced by CT105 overexpression in SK-N-SH cells. Based on morphological examinations by phase-contrast microscopy, PINR reversed apoptotic changes of CT105-expressed cells. It was also found that PINR significantly promoted neurite outgrowth and inhibited formation of ROS nd NO. PINR was shown to scavenge DPPH radicals and noncompetitively inhibit AChE activity. Furthermore, it reduced scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rata, assessed by passive avoidance test. Conclusions : Taken together, these results demonstrate that PINR exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and memory enhancing effects, and therefore may bs beneficial for the treatment of AD.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2005

Although many studies have been performed to elucidate the molecular consequence of ultraviolet irradiation on an aging, little is known about the effect of natural products. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) we known to play an important role in (a) photoaging. Hete we investigated the effect of $1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-{\beta}-{_D}-gluco- pyranose (1)$ and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (2) on the expression of MMP-1 in UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts (products), (on the) activity of MMP-1, and (on the) scavenging activities of free radicals. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from Melothria heterophylla (Cucurbitaceae). These compounds were found to scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and were measured to have the $SC_{50}$ values of $3.9{\mu}M\;and\;13.3{\mu}M$ against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and $4.3{\mu}M\;and\; 4.0{\mu}M$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the e):pression and activity of MMP-1 in the UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Therefore, we concluded that compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited MMP-1 expression at the protein level. Also, these compounds were determined to have a potent antioxidant activity. From these results, we suggest that these compounds nay be used as (a) new anti-aging agents for the photo-damaged skin.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

We have screened the cytoprotective effect on ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation induced oxidative stress from forty one Korean plant extracts. Carpinus laxiflora (caulis), Quercus salicina (caulis), and Castanopsis cuspidata (caulis) were found to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a result, extracts of three plants reduced cell death of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells induced by $H_2O_2$ treatment. In addition, these extracts protected cell death of V79-4 cells damaged by ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation. In addition, these extracts scavenged ROS generated by radiation. Taken together, the results suggest that Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus salicina, and Castanopsis cuspidata protect V79-4 cells against oxidative damage by radiation through scavenging ROS.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2006

Opuntia humifusa is a member of the Cactaceae family. In the present study, the antioxidant, nitric oxide(NO) inhibitory activities and potential irritation response of the fermented Opuntia humifusa cladodes(FOH) were investigated for cosmetic use. Antioxidant activities were tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and xanthine oxidase assay, we found that FOH could scavenge DPPH free radicals and inhibit xanthine oxidase activity in a dose dependent manner, with $IC_{50}$ of 2599.46${\mu}g/ml$ and 721.38${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. To investigate the possible anti-inflammatory effects of FOH, RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with FOH($0{\sim}400{\mu}g/ml$) for 30 min and then treated with LPS for 24 h. We found that cell number did not vary significantly with the treatment of FOH, and FOH did not show any inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production. After application of FOH to rabbits for skin and eye irritation test, the experimental sites did not show any response compared to the control. FOH were considered to be a non-irritant to the skin and eye. Based on the above information, we suggest that FOH can be considered to be a non-irritant base cosmetic material for safely use.