• Computers and Concrete
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2018

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns which are the main vertical structural members are exposed to several static and dynamic effects such as earthquake and wind. However, impact loading that is sudden impulsive dynamic one is the most effective loading type acting on the RC columns. Impact load is a kind of impulsive dynamic load which is ignored in the design process of RC columns like other structural members. The behavior of reinforced concrete columns under impact loading is an area of research that is still not well understood; however, work in this area continues to be motivated by a broad range of applications. Examples include reinforced concrete structures designed to resist accidental loading scenarios such as falling rock impact; vehicle or ship collisions with buildings, bridges, or offshore facilities; and structures that are used in high-threat or high-hazard applications, such as military fortification structures or nuclear facilities. In this study, free weight falling test setup is developed to investigate the behavior effects on RC columns under impact loading. For this purpose, eight RC column test specimens with 1/3 scale are manufactured. While drop height and mass of the striker are constant, application point of impact loading, stirrup spacing and concrete compression strength are the experimental variables. The time-history of the impact force, the accelerations of two points and the displacement of columns were measured. The crack patterns of RC columns are also observed. In the light of experimental results, low-velocity impact behavior of RC columns were determined and interpreted. Besides, the finite element models of RC columns are generated using ABAQUS software. It is found out that proposed finite element model could be used for evaluation of dynamic responses of RC columns subjected to low-velocity impact load.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4205-4208
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of EGFR in newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Materials and Methods: Our study included a total of 48 paired samples collected from 24 patients diagnosed with GBM. The intensity of EGFR cytoplasmatic staining was scored on a scale of 1-3+ (weak, intermediate or strong). Results: We found EGFR overexpression in 23 patients (96%) with newly diagnosed GBM, while all recurrent tumours overexpressed EGFR. Ten recurrent tumours (42%) had a lower expression than their new counterpart 13 tumours (54%) had a similar expression, and only one case (2%) had increased expression on recurrence. The expression of EGFR in newly diagnosed GBM was significantly correlated with EGFR expression in recurrent tumour (p = 0.036). In addition, new GBMs with strong EGFR expression had a mean relapse-free interval of 11.5 months (p=0.017). A benefit of combined therapy was observed in the radiotherapy-plus-chemotherapy group where the average time was 11 months (p=0.011), as compared with surgery/radiotherapy alone (average time 6.8 months). Conclusions: The present data show that EGFR is overexpressed in paired GBMs. The discrepancies of EGFR expression between the primary tumour and the recurrence suggest heterogeneity of GBMs but also unity at relapse.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the mothers' rearing attitude of ADHD children and that of children with depressive disorder. Methods: The participant consisted of 58 school-aged children diagnosed as ADHD, 14 children diagnosed as depressive disorder based on DSM-IV criteria. Normal control group consisted of 34 school-aged children who are free of any diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire, Parenting Style Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory, Marital Satisfaction Scale, Beck's Depression Inventory were administered to all children and their mothers. Results: The parents of ADHD children showed more aggressive/hostile, neglecting/indifferent and less warm/affectionate parenting styles to their children than those of the depression and control groups. The depressive group perceived their parents as more rejecting than the control groups. Conclusion: The externalizing symptoms of ADHD might provoke parental distress and make it difficult for the parents to show positive rearing attitude toward their children. The depressive children might be more sensitive and perceptive to the negative sign of their parents' rearing attitude.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.195-210
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• 2002

The purpose of this study were to find out the difference of needs of caring between care-givers and non care-givers, and to suggest the way of lessening vigorous task of care-givers for the elderly with dementia. Data were collected from 130 nationwide respondents intentionally divided into two groups; care-givers and non care-givers in the middle aged with middle and upper income. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test using SPSS package. Since the result of survey, unexpectedly, showed no difference between two groups, it could be explained as that these two groups commonly had same needs of caring for the elderly with dementia. Major findings were as follow; 1) Most Koreans stiff thought family should be the main care-giver for the elderly with dementia prior to nation or society. 2) Responsibility of caring for the elderly with dementia would be better to be shared with children instead of focusing to a child. 3) They thought ideal residential facilities for the elderly with dementia were small-scale professional dementia facility(group home) rather than home or general elderly housing. 4) Professional dementia care hospital was one of the most needed facilities for the elderly with dementia, followed by short-stay and dar-care center. 5) It was revealed care-giving task was vigorous showing that most care-givers spent 1-5 hours a day for caring, while 13% of respondents spent 11-24 hours a duty. 6) 90% of care-givers took the responsibility of main care-giver because of duty of offsprings or spouses, and wanted to be free from their current circumstances. From the result of this survey researchers would like to suggest the establishment of diverse facilities for professional dementia care to lessen the caring burden for the elderly with dementia: group home, chronic hospital, short-stay, day-care center. Financial support from the government for the housing renovation of the caring families should be considered seriously afterward. It is needed to give the opportunity to select proper paid dementia care facilities according to their income and situation of household.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.76 no.1
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• pp.141-151
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• 2020

This manuscript tends to investigate influences of nanoscale and surface energy on a static bending and free vibration of piezoelectric perforated nanobeam structural element, for the first time. Nonlocal differential elasticity theory of Eringen is manipulated to depict the long-range atoms interactions, by imposing length scale parameter. Surface energy dominated in nanoscale structure, is included in the proposed model by using Gurtin-Murdoch model. The coupling effect between nonlocal elasticity and surface energy is included in the proposed model. Constitutive and governing equations of nonlocal-surface perforated Euler-Bernoulli nanobeam are derived by Hamilton's principle. The distribution of electric potential for the piezoelectric nanobeam model is assumed to vary as a combination of a cosine and linear variation, which satisfies the Maxwell's equation. The proposed model is solved numerically by using the finite-element method (FEM). The present model is validated by comparing the obtained results with previously published works. The detailed parametric study is presented to examine effects of the number of holes, perforation size, nonlocal parameter, surface energy, boundary conditions, and external electric voltage on the electro-mechanical behaviors of piezoelectric perforated nanobeams. It is found that the effect of surface stresses becomes more significant as the thickness decreases in the range of nanometers. The effect of number of holes becomes significant in the region 0.2 ≤ α ≤ 0.8. The current model can be used in design of perforated nano-electro-mechanical systems (PNEMS).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5445-5451
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• 2015

Fascin-1 (FSCN1) is an actin-bundling protein that induces cell membrane protrusions, increases cell motility, and is overexpressed in various human epithelial cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We analyzed various protein-protein interactions (PPI) of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs), in fascin knockdown ESCC cells, to explore the role of fascin overexpression. The node-degree distributions indicated these PPI sub-networks to be characterized as scale-free. Subcellular localization analysis revealed DEGs to interact with other proteins directly or indirectly, distributed in multiple layers of extracellular membrane-cytoskeleton/ cytoplasm-nucleus. The functional annotation map revealed hundreds of significant gene ontology (GO) terms, especially those associated with cytoskeleton organization of FSCN1. The Random Walk with Restart algorithm was applied to identify the prioritizations of these DEGs when considering their relationship with FSCN1. These analyses based on PPI network have greatly expanded our comprehension of the mRNA expression profile following fascin knockdown to future examine the roles and mechanisms of fascin action.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2014

This study aimed to understand the internal flow characteristics of a liquid droplet subject to periodic forced vibration. In order to predict the resonance frequency of a droplet, a high-speed camera and macro lens were used to capture internal flow characteristics of a droplet placed on a vibrating hydrophobic surface. Results showed that the droplet assumed a variety of shapes depending on the resonance mode of free droplet, particularly in modes 2, 4, 6, and 8. In addition, the induced internal vortex flow inside the droplet was also observed in each mode. Typically, the induced flow moved upwards along the axis of symmetry and downwards along the surface of the droplet, that is, from the apex to the contact line in modes 2 and 4, after which it broke into a smaller vortex. On the other hand, the large-scale vortex always remained steady in modes 6 and 8. The speed of the flow in mode 4 was always greater than that in mode 2, but those in modes 6 and 8 were similar.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.366-375
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• 2013

Recently, management of Newspaper developmet of the internet news, broadcasting and free newspapers escalated competition between newspaper companies and other media companies as well as competition among newapaper companies. This paper analyzes the efficiency of Korean Newapaper using DEA model. We evaluate the CCR-O, BCC-O efficiency, SE and RTS of 30 Newspaper. We also suggest the Newpaper which can be benchmarked based on analyzed information. The result shows that ten Nespaper whose values of CCR-O efficiency are 1, and Fourteen Nespaper whose values of BCC efficiency are 1. RTS indicates IRS of 1 firms, DRS of 16 firms and CRS of 13 firms. To variables on the effectiveness of newspaper publishing companies for the understanding and performance analysis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.512-517
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• 2016

Objective : The pathophysiology of idiopathic Chiari malformation (CM) type 1 is disturbance of free cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and restoration of normal CSF flow is the mainstay of treatment. Additional migration of the medulla oblongata in pediatric patients is referred to as CM type 1.5, but its significance in adult patients is unknown. This study is to compare surgical outcomes of adult idiopathic CM type 1.5 with that of type 1. Methods : Thirty-eight consecutive adult patients (M : F=11 : 27; median, 33.5; range, 18-63) with syringomyelia due to idiopathic CM type 1 were reviewed. Migration of the medulla oblongata was noted in 13 patients. The modified McCormick scale (MMS) was used to evaluate functional status before and one year after surgery. All patients underwent foramen magnum decompression and duroplasty. Factors related to radiological success (${\geq}50%$ decrease in the diameter of the syrinx) were investigated. The follow-up period was $72.7{\pm}55.6$ months. Results : Preoperative functional status were MMS I in 11 patients and MMS II in 14 of CM type 1 and MMS I in 8 and II in 5 of CM type 1.5. Of patients with MMS II, 5/14 patients in group A and 3/5 patients in group B showed improvement and there was no case of deterioration. Radiological success was achieved in 32 (84%) patients and restoration of the cisterna magna (p=0.01; OR, 46.5) was the only significant factor. Conclusion : Migration of the medulla oblongata did not make a difference in the surgical outcome when the cisterna magna was restored.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2017

Objective : The semi-jailing technique (SJT) provides stent-assisted remodeling of the aneurysm neck during coil embolization without grasping the coil delivery microcatheter. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of SJT using a Neuroform3 stent for coiling of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. Methods : We collected the clinical and radiological data between January 2009 and June 2015 of the wide-necked aneurysms treated with SJT using a Neuroform3 stent. Results : SJT using a Neuroform3 stent was attempted in 70 wide-necked aneurysms (68 patients). There were 56 unruptured and 14 ruptured aneurysms. The size of aneurysm ranged from 1.7 to 28.1 mm (mean 6.1 mm). The immediate angiographic results were complete occlusion in 55 aneurysms (78.6%), neck remnant in 7 (10.0%), and aneurysm remnant in 8 (11.4%). Overall, periprocedural complications occurred in 13 patients (19.1%), including asymptomatic thromboembolism in 7 (10.3%), symptomatic thromboembolism in 4 (5.9%), and symptomatic hemorrhagic complications in 2 (2.9%). Conventional angiography follow-up was obtained in 55 (78.6%) of 70 aneurysms (mean, 10.9 months). The result showed progressive occlusion in 7 aneurysms (12.7%) and recanalization in 1 aneurysm (1.8%). At the end of the observation period (mean, 17.5 months), all 54 patients without subarachnoid hemorrhage showed excellent clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0), except two (mRS 1 or 2) and seven of 14 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage remained symptom-free (mRS 0). Conclusion : In this report of 70 aneurysms, SJT using a Neuroform3 stent for coiling of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms showed good technical safety, as well as favorable clinical and angiographic outcomes.