• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.107-118
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• 2014

Purpose - Due to the recent slowdown of growth in global luxury brands, which have been an engine of our domestic fashion market growth, there is an increasing need to develop a global market for domestic high-priced fashion brands. In spite of the large scale of trade between Korea and China with respect to fashion products, current trade concentrates on middle- and low-priced products rather than high-priced products. Diversification of the trade between Korea and China in terms of the price levels of trade products is needed. An understanding of Chinese consumption values and purchase intentions for luxury fashion brands will be very helpful for the establishment of strategies with the aim of increasing the level of trade with regard to high-priced fashion products. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the differences in the clothing consumption values of South Korean and Chinese women in their 20s, especially with reference to how those values affect their preference and purchase intention for luxury fashion brands. Research design, data, methodology - The study was implemented through a descriptive survey method using a self-administered questionnaire. The sample consisted of 283 Korean and 306 Chinese women in their 20s, residing in Seoul, Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai. Data were collected from March 3 to 15, 2014. A total of 589 completed responses were analyzed. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, and multiple regression analysis. Results - Fivefactors for clothing consumption values were formulated: conspicuous/social value, fashionability value, personality expression value, hedonic value, and practical value. There were significant differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in clothing consumption values (except social value), preference, and purchase intention for luxury fashion brands. With regard to clothing consumption values, Chinese women attached more importance to fashionability value, personality expression value, hedonic value, and practical value than South Korean women. In addition, Chinese women's preference and purchase intention for luxury fashion brands were higher than South Korean women's. Second, in the case of South Korean women, social value, practical value, and fashionability value had positive effects on preferences for luxury fashion brands, while attractive/personality expression value and hedonic value had no influence. In contrast, in the case of Chinese women, social value and fashionability value had positive effects on preference for the luxury fashion brands. Third, in the case of South Korean women, social value and practical value had positive effects on purchase intentions for luxury fashion brands. In contrast, in the case of Chinese women, social value, personality expression value, and fashionability value had positive effects on purchase intention for luxury fashion brands. Conclusions - Considering the findings of the study, it is clear that differentiated marketing strategies are needed for luxury fashion brand markets in Korea and China. The results of the study could provide useful information that will help increase the effectiveness of luxury fashion brand marketing strategies in Korea and China.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2018

Purpose: To analyze the correlation between a rupture of the hypovascular zone and early single heel raising after Achilles tendon repair. Materials and Methods: From January 2012 to August 2015, 68 patients, who underwent surgical treatment for a Achilles tendon rupture using Krackow method, were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to possibility of single heel raises within 3 months postoperatively. During the periodic outpatient observations, the visual analogue scale, Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS), and timing capable single heel raises were evaluated. In addition, the preoperative defect size and distance between the calcaneal osteotendinous junction and the rupture site were measured by ultrasound in all cases. Results: Twenty-three patients could perform a single heel raise within 3 months after surgery (early single heel raise group), and fortyfive patients could perform a single heel raise after 3 month postoperatively. The age, gender, body mass index, smoking, and operation delay were similar in the two groups. In addition, the defect size and distance between the calcaneal osteotendinous junction and rupture site as measured by preoperative ultrasound were similar (p=0.379 and p=0.631, respectively). On the other hand, when the rupture site was divided into the hypovascular zone (4~7 cm from calcaneal osteotendinous junction) and non-hypovascular zone, the hypovascular zone rupture rate was significantly lower in the early single heel raise group (60.9%, 14/23; 91.1%, 41/45; p=0.003). In logistic regression analysis, the odds of the hypovascular zone rupture group being capable of early single heel raise were 0.189 (p=0.017). The ATRS score at 3 months and 1 year after surgery were significantly higher in the early single heel raise group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Achilles tendon rupture at the hypovascular zone is a poor prognostic factor for early single heel raise and might affect the prognosis significantly after an Achilles tendon rupture operation.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.382-389
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• 2017

Currently, reticulocyte experimental calculation technology used in clinical laboratories are divided two types: manual and automated. Manual reticulocyte counting using a microscopy lacks accuracy due particularly to its low reproducibility, affecting the accuracy of manual reticulocyte count. Moreover, Automatic blood corpuscle analyzer flow cytometry is difficult to be used in underdeveloped countries and small scale laboratories due to relatively high cost. Therefore, this study tried to find a new method to complement these drawbacks. The aim of this study was to compare the stained reticulocytes count by spectrophotometer and also to analyze the statistics of spectrophotometer and flow cytometer. The same 8 EDTA samples were repeated 36 times to compare the agreement between spectrophotometer and flow cytometer. This study measured the specimen diluted 600 times at 700~780 nm by 10 differences. Wavelength between 710 to 730 by absorbance showed a positive correlation between standard data and test data (r=0.967, p<0.01), presenting a correlation between variables. Statistical analyses of regression for test and standard parametric data, the optimal dilution factor was 600 times. Therefore, this study tried to technical utilizes such as contributing economical for the reticulocyte absorbance apply from the auto spectrophotometer, a monitoring system for the reticulocyte relation anemia, etc. Therefore, more extensive studies, including an auto chemical analyzer application, will be needed.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

A sandwich panel is a composite material composed of a double-sided noncombustible material and insulation core which is used in the inner, outer walls, and roof structure of a building. Despite its excellent insulation performance, light weight and excellent constructability, a flame is brought into the inside of the panel through the joint between the panels, melting the core easily and causing casualties and property damage due to the rapid spread of flame. The current Building Law provides that the combustion performance of finishing materials for buildings should be determined using a fire test on a small amount of specimen and only a product that passes the stipulated performance standard should be used. This law also provides that in the case of finishing materials used for the outer walls of buildings, only materials that secured noncombustible or quasi-noncombustible performance should be used or flame spread prevention (FSP) should be installed. The purpose of this study was to confirm the difference between the dangers of horizontal and vertical fire spread by applying FSP, which is applied to finishing materials used for the outer walls of buildings limitedly to a sandwich panel building. Therefore, the combustion behavior and effects on the sandwich panel according to the application of FSP were measured through the construction to block the spread of flame between the panels using a full scale fire according to the test method specified in ISO 13784-1 and a metallic structure. The construction of FSP on the joint between the panels delayed the spread of flame inside the panels and the flash over time was also delayed, indicating that it could become an important factor for securing the fire safety of a building constructed using complex materials.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.650-660
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• 2006

Recently, according to increase in production of pond snails resulting from the widespread organic farming, organic farmers are showing a lot of interests in the promotion of consumption and extending the market of pond snails. This study was performed to suggest the process of product development of the ready-to-eat pond-snail Mandu as a health food, to show the results of market test of the pilot product, and to investigate the change of the sensory characteristics during storage periods. For the market test of pond-snail Mandu, the survey was developed and delivered to consumers. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts such as respondents demographic characteristics, customer's perception of pond-snail Mandu before tasting, and customer's perception of that after tasting. And the market test was carried out with university students, welfare institution residents and apartment residents in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. As a result of the test, the most important purchasing factors were determined in the order of taste (49.5%), hygienic quality (12.5%), nutritional value (10%) and price (9%). And only 4.2% of respondents selected brand name as an important purchasing factor. After tasting pond-snail Mandu, consumers had suggested the better taste (t=6.986, p<0.000) and price (t=2.082, p<0.05) than those of before tasting. In response to favorable impression of pond-snail Mandu, 54.5% of total respondents evaluated positively. The favorable impressions came from iron-rich Mandu (27.6%), high protein and nutritious Mandu (24.4%), calcium-rich Mandu (17.9%), diet Mandu (13.3%), and delicious Mandu (12.5%) respectively. Sensory characteristics of pond-snail Mandu were evaluated by professional panels in terms of the softness of Mandu skin, chewiness, moistness, toothpacking, color, aroma, saltiness, and degree of plain, taste, and aftertaste. The evaluation of sensory characteristics on a 7-point scale, showed that softness of mandu skin (4.44) and aftertaste (4.11) got a low scores. The statistical difference of the tastes (p>0.05) was not founded by storage period of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Based on the result, the improvement of these characteristics are desired in developing the pond-snail Mandu. Research method applied to this study can be useful for developing a new product.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.597-609
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• 2020

These days, the coaxial rotor system is used for various purposes like UAVs, Mars exploration helicopters, and the next-generation high-speed rotorcraft. A number of research projects on aerodynamic performance of rotor systems, including the coaxial configuration have been made previously. On the contrary, research on rotor blade deformation has been mainly carried out regarding the single rotor system, where such effort has not been enough on the coaxial system. Nonetheless, in case of the coaxial system, blade deformation analysis is much more important because of the complex air flow around the rotors, and that the distance between the two rotors is a key factor affects aerodynamic performance of the entire system. For these reasons, an experimental study on rotor blade deformation of the coaxial system was conducted using the Stereo Pattern Recognition(SPR) technique, one of the state-of-the-art of photogrammetry method. In this research, a small-scale coaxial rotor test stand designed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute(KARI) was used. With the same test stand, performance of the coaxial configuration had been studied before the experimental study on blade deformation, in order to find the relation between performance and blade deformation of the rotor system. Results of the performance test and the deformation study are presented in this article.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.64-75
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to verify reliability and validity of SDLRS instrument and to prove up possibility of usage as an evaluation method for evaluating life-long learning. Literature review and survey were used to accomplish objectives of the study. 218 students in department of mechanical engineering of A university at Gyunggi province were responded for SDLRS(Guglielmino, 1977) instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test, and ANOVA test. 58 items in original version instrument were converted to 23 items. There were 7 factors for assessing the self-directed learning readiness according to this measurement scale with a total variance of about 58%. The total reliability of the final 23 items was $\alpha$. The final 7 factors consisted of love for learning, openness for learning, self-perception, basic learning function and independence, acceptance of responsibility for learning, leadership and future directivity, and creativity and exploration. The result of SDLRS analysis according to individual background, there were significant statistically in the grade, period of employment in industry, entering graduate school or not, and GPA, but no significant statistically in sexual difference, employment in industry or not, final academic level of parent, and income level of the family. In the future, final instrument will be needed to check in the respect of correlation with another ability and skill influencing on life-long learning, and more study will be done for developing life-long learning.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

Objectives: This research was aimed 1) to find out various subjective symptoms cancer patients had, 2) to find out the quantitative difference of symptoms occurring according to the area of cancer, current treatment methods, and relapse of the cancer and 3) to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of symptoms. Methods: This study was a survey about the various subjective symptoms cancer patients had. The subjects were 48 cancer patients in a double-blinded randomized controlled trial about the effectiveness of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) treatments. Surveys were examined before Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) treatments. The questionnaire consisted of demographic research, patient history and accompanying symptoms. The symptoms part consisted of 4 questions on general symptoms (vertigo, hot flush, rash, insomnia), 2 questions on digestion symptoms (anorexia, dyspepsia), 2 questions on excretions (diarrhea, constipation), and 5 questions on symptoms in different body parts (headache, dryness of lips, chest pain, aphthous ulcer, nose bleeding). The questionnaire was used to research presence of symptoms and relationships between the occurrence of symptoms. Results: A total of 48 patients took part in this survey. Dizziness was the most frequent subjective symptom patients had (64.58%), followed by dry mouth (43.75%), headache (43.75%), insomnia (41.67%), anorexia (37.5%) and chest discomfort (37.5%). The presence of these subjective symptoms was partially related to the patient's history details - type of cancer, method of cancer treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy), termination of treatment, presence of pain, fatigue and recurrence, etc. Factor analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of symptoms. It suggested 5 factors as a result, but there was a limitation that only a low level of correlation was shown among them. Conclusions: We were able to analyze the occurrences and the relationships among them for accompanying subjective symptoms in cancer patients. However the results of the study are limited in that only 48 patients participated. The symptoms in cancer patients showed a tendency for clustering, occurring simultaneously or continuously rather than occurring alone. The study of these symptom clusters is worth further study, for it is similar to the Symptom Differentiation System in Traditional Korean Medicine. For effective approach to the treatment of cancer in Traditional Korean Medicine, further research on the Korean traditional view of cancer patients should be done based on this research, regarding various symptoms and those relationships on a larger scale.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

This study is to find out the characteristics of the behavior of Geosyntehtic Reinforced Retaining Earth Wall(GRREW) through the laboratory experiment with the reduced-scale model, and to verify the effect of reinforcement by materials of GRREW. The loading tests after combining nonwoven geosynthetic, re-bar mesh nets and drainage blocks respectively among the components of the GRREW were performed in three cases of their slopes. In the cases of the behavior analysis including all of the components of the GRREW, the maximum horizontal displacement was generated 8.4mm at the location of 0.57H in the slope of 1:0.3; 3.8mm at the location of 0.57H in the slope of 1:0.6; 3.6mm at the location of 0.86H in the slope of 1:1.0. On average, the horizontal displacements of the GRREW were reduced by 83.8% against those of the original slopes. Lastly, seepage analysis and slope stability analysis were performed by modelling section of field, to confirm the effect of installation of drainage block in GRREW. We can confirm to compare increasing the slope safe factor and decreasing ground water in accordance with drainage blocks.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.717-727
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• 2017

Researches on the emissions of greenhouse gases in the construction industry, which accounts for 40% of raw materials, 30% of energy consumption, and 30% of $CO_2$ emissions in the entire industry, are mainly focused on studies of LCA. However, it is assessed that $CO_2$ emissions are higher in construction sequence than in operation sequence. Also, it is considered that construction machinery using fossil fuel is a main factor causing environmental load in construction sequence. Therefore, this study analyzes the workload and engine RPM characteristics of the excavator which is the second largest number of registered construction machinery in Korea and the highest utilization rate in actual construction site. The excavator is divided into non-load states and load states where power is transmitted to the excavator. The exhaust gas is analyzed by a direct measurement method using PEMS equipment. $CO_2$ emissions are estimated by analyzing the relationship between RPM and exhaust emission characteristics according to the actual driving conditions. Additionally, we analyze the difference between $CO_2$ emissions of construction machine calculated by this study and $CO_2$ emissions calculated by using carbon emission coefficient.