• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.59-64
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• 2018

In recent years, the solar cell market has steadily grown with the demand for new energies. And wire sawing is one of the most critical processes in manufacturing solar cell wafer which is supposed to affect the breakage of wafers most during the process and afterwards. Generally, the defects of the wafers are generated from the structural vibrations of the machine. In the sawing process, the vibrations cause unnecessary normal stress on the cut surface of wafers, and eventually create the surface damage or leave the residual stress. In this study, the dynamic properties of a wire saw have been analyzed through the frequency response test and the computer simulation. And the effects of the design alterations have been investigated to stabilize the machine structure and further to reduce the vibrations. The result shows that relatively simple design alterations of supporting structure without any change of major parts of the machine can suppress the vibrations of the machine effectively.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.552-559
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• 2009

Most damage identification methods for structural health monitoring developed to date utilize modal domain responses which require postprocessing and inevitably contain errors in transforming the domain of responses. In this paper, the feasibility of a damage identification method based on dynamics responses from moving loads is experimentally verified. The experiment is performed via applying periodic and non-periodic moving loads to a steel beam and acceleration and displacement responses of the beam is measured. The moving loads is applied using steel balls and the damage of a structure is simulated by saw-cutting the beam. The damage identification results using the measured responses show that the moving load response based damage identification method successfully identify all damages in the beam.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.41.2-41.2
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• 2010

최근 태양전지 제조비용 절감을 위해 초박형 실리콘 태양전지 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이에 따라 후면전계(Back Surface Field, BSF) 특성에 대한 관심이 높아지는 추세이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 후면의 결정방향 및 표면구조에 따라 형성되는 후면전계(BSF)의 특성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 후면이 절삭손상층 식각(Saw damage etching) 후 (100)면이 드러난 실리콘 기판과 텍스쳐링(Texturing) 후 (111)면이 드러난 실리콘 기판에 후면 전극을 스크린 인쇄 후 Ramp up rate을 달리 하여 소성 공정(RTP system)을 통해 후면전계(BSF)를 형성하여 비교하였다. 후면전계(BSF)의 형상과 특성만을 평가하기 위하여 염산을 이용하여 후면 전극층을 제거하였다. 후면 전극 제거 후 주사전자현미경(Scanning Electron Microscopy)과 3차원 미세형상측정기(Non-contacting optical profiler)로 후면전계(BSF)의 형상을 비교하였다. 또한 후면전계(BSF)의 특성을 평가하고자 Quasi-Steady-State Photo Conductance(QSSPC)를 사용하여 포화전류(Saturation current, $J_0$)을 측정하였고, 면저항 측정기(4-point probe)로 면저항을 측정하여 비교하였다. 후면 전계(BSF)는 (100)면과 (111)면에서 모두 Ramp up rate이 빠를수록 향상된 특성을 보였고, (111)면에서 더 큰 차이를 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.450-450
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• 2009

최근 전세계적으로 태양전지의 대량보급에 따라 실리콘 원료의 공급에 차질이 생겨 원자재 값이 상승하는 추세에 있다. 결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 제조비용중 실리콘 재료 및 웨이퍼가 차지하는 비율은 약 50~60%정도로 높기 때문에 실리콘 웨이퍼의 두께를 감소시키는 것이 비용절감을 위한 효과적인 방법으로 기대되고 있다. 그러나 실리콘 웨이퍼의 두께가 앓아질수록 제조공정중 균열이나 파손이 발생할 가능성이 높아지기 때문에 이에 따른 실리콘 웨이퍼의 기계적 물성에 대한 연구가 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 상용으로 사용되고 있는 크기가 5 인치인 $200{\mu}m$ 두께의 실리콘웨이퍼 (As-saw)를 약 80여개의 시편으로 절단한 후 각각의 파단강도를 부위별로 측정하였다. 또한 표면절단결함을 제거하는 saw damage etching(SDE) 시간을 제어하여 두께가 $150{\mu}m$, $130{\mu}m$인 웨이퍼를 준비하였다. 이들 시험편에 대해서도 부위별 파단강도를 측정하여 as-saw상태의 시험편과 비교하였다. 파단강도 측정은 4 접 굽힘시험을 통하여 측정하였으며 파단면은 주사전자현미경을 통하여 관찰하였다. 또한 실리콘 웨이퍼의 미세균열을 비파괴적으로 검출하기 위하여 100MHz 고주파수를 이용하는 초음파현미경(SAM, scanning acoustic microscope)을 이용하여 균열의 분포를 영상화하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Professional Engineer Association Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.135-143
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• 1995

As a result of impressive economic growth for e past 3 decades Korean rural community saw improvement in road, houses etc. whereas movement of rural population to great urban centers, water pollutions, generation of wastes and damage to rural environment and landscapes emerged as a serious issue. In this treatise the writer reviewed the process of development of rural community under the government initiative and introduced the project for arrangement and restucturing of rural environment and discussed on the directions and requirements for future development.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.129-135
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• 2012

In this study, the changes in hair quality before and after Magic straight perm have been evaluated through a hair damage measurement method. For this, a healthy high school student's (age18 years) wavy hair was selected and permed on the left and right sides. Then, the changes caused by physical methods which were applied during the fl at iron-based Magic straight perm were evaluated based on the hair damage measurement method before and after the Magic straight perm. According to the protein release test after the Magic straight perm, 1.26% in average and 0.14% was observed in Cool Magic straight perm sample. In a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) test, saw teeth-shaped partial desquamation of cuticle cells and impurities were observed in the warm-treated hair sample. In atomic force microscope (AFM), line-profile is a method to represent roughness data on hair. According to analysis on 3-dimensional (3D) images, the hair with Cool Magic straight perm was lower than the hair with Warm Magic perm in terms of the color change of 3D images. In addition, vertical changes were observed in the hair with Cool Magic perm. As a result, irregular surface roughness was observed. This study proposed a method to minimize hair damage by cooling down the heat with the cool hair straightener as soon as the Warm Magic was finished.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.91-107
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• 2016

Flow-excited acoustic resonance in ducted cavities can produce high levels of acoustic pressure that may lead to severe damage. This occurs when the flow instability over the cavity mouth, which is created by the free shear layer separation at the upstream edge, is coupled with one of the acoustic modes in the accommodating enclosure. Acoustic resonance can cause high amplitude fluctuating acoustic loads in and near the cavity. Such acoustic loads could cause damage in sensitive applications such as aircraft weapon bays. Therefore, the suppression and mitigation of these resonances are very important. Much of the work done in the past focused on the fluid-dynamic oscillation mechanism or suppressing the resonance by altering the edge condition at the shear layer separation. However, the effect of the downstream edge has received much less attention. This paper considers the effect of the impingement edge geometry on the acoustic resonance excitation and Strouhal number values of the flow instabilities in a ducted shallow cavity with an aspect ratio of 1.0. Several edges, including chamfered edges with different angles and round edges with different radii, were investigated. In addition, some downstream edges that have never been studied before, such as saw-tooth edges, spanwise cylinders, higher and lower steps, and straight and delta spoilers, are investigated. The experiments are conducted in an open-loop wind tunnel that can generate flows with a Mach number up to 0.45. The study shows that when some edge geometries, such as lower steps, chamfered, round, and saw-tooth edges, are installed downstream, they demonstrate a promising reduction in the acoustic resonance. On the other hand, higher steps and straight spoilers resulted in intensifying the acoustic resonance. In addition, the effect of edge geometry on the Strouhal number is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.4 s.72
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• pp.46-53
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• 2005

Existing study far fire-resistant concrete has been done already. but it is not found out how the waste tyre mixing concrete will be acted against fire. This waste tyre concrete molds under the condition of $0^{\circ}C,\;200^{\circ}C,\;400^{\circ}C,\;600^{\circ}C$ were heated in gas oven. It was worried about that they might be fractured down at about $800^{\circ}C$ so that they can not be tested. compressive strength for the test molds are made with commercially used $180kg/cm^2,\;210kg/cm^2,\;240kg/cm^2,\;270kg/cm^2$ mixing saw dust with proportion such as 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2.0% compressive strength at $200^{\circ}C$ was approximately 20% from the original, while approximately 30% deoreased at $400^{\circ}C$. their results are not quite different from the normal concrete condition even though they contains saw dust in it. The higher strength the concrete has, the less strength was decreased. There are almost no difference in strength under the condition of less than $400^{\circ}C$, but damage of concrete structure could be considerable large with more than $400^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.29-35
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• 2014

In this study general solar cell production process was complemented, with research on improvement of solar cell efficiency through surface structure and thermal annealing process. Firstly, to form the pyramid structure, the saw damage removal (SDR) processed surface was undergone texturing process with reactive ion etching (RIE). Then, for the formation of smooth pyramid structure to facilitate uniform doping and electrode formation, the surface was etched with HND(HF : HNO3 : D.I. water=5 : 100 : 100) solution. Notably, due to uniform doping the leakage current decreased greatly. Also, for the enhancement and maintenance of minority carrier lifetime, antireflection coating thermal annealing was done. To maintain this increased lifetime, front electrode was formed through Au plating process without high temperature firing process. Through these changes in two processes, the leakage current effect could be decreased and furthermore, the conversion efficiency could be increased. Therefore, compared to the general solar cell with a conversion efficiency of 15.89%, production of high efficiency solar cell with a conversion efficiency of 17.24% was made possible.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2011

Reactive ion etching (RIE) technique for maskless surface texturing of mc-silicon solar wafers has been applied and succeed in fabricating a grass-like black-silicon with an average reflectance of $4{\pm}1%$ in a wavelength range of 300~1,200 nm. In order to investigate the optimized texturing conditions for mass production of high quantum efficiency solar cell Surface characteristics such as the spatial distribution of average reflectance, micrscopic surface morphology and minority carrier lifetime were monitored for samples from saw-damaged $15.6{\times}15.6\;cm^2$ bare wafer to key-processed wafers as well as the mc-Si solar cells. We observed that RIE textured wafers reveal lower average reflectance along from center to edges by 1% and referred the origin to the non-uniform surface structures with a depth of 2 times deeper and half-maximum width of 3 times. Samples with anti-reflection coating after forming emitter layer also revealed longer minority carrier lifetime by 40% for the edge compared to wafer center due to size effects. As results, mc-Si solar cells with RIE-textured surface also revealed higher efficiency by 2% and better external quantum efficiency by 15% for edge positions with higher height.