• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of Saussurea lappa for the applications of herb-based extracts to both cosmetic and medicinal industries. Methods : Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Saussutes lappa (ESL) was assessed using agar diffusion and broth dilution methods, and determined by whether clear zone was formed around paper disc and in terms of the size (mm) of clear zone, Results : ESL provided activity against Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1927 in concentration of 1 mg/ml with an clear zone of 16 mm, and showed an activity against Staphylococcus epidermids KCTC 1917 in concentration of 1 mg/ml with an clear zone of 18mm. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ESL against S. sureus and S. epidermidls were 1 mg/ml for both bacterial species. However, ESL showed no growth inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 12513, Enterobactet aerogenes KCTC 2190, Escherichia coli KCTC 2571, Salmonella typhimurium KCTC 1925 and Propionibacterium acnes KCCM 41747. Conclusions : Antibacterial activity of ESL against Staphylococcus sureus and Staphylococcus epidermids causing eye and skin diseases was proved. The result suggest that ESL may be useful as a natural preservative on behalf of synthetic preservatives.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 1999

Isolation and quantitative determination of costunolide from Saussurea lappa Clarke (Compositae) has been conducted by using HPLC method. Costunolide in an acetone extract from the crude drug was separated on a RP-18 column using a $MeOH-H_20$ mixture (65:35) as an eluent and the average content is about $1.32{\sim1.42%.$ The content of costunolide in dried extract was decreased by about 24% in seven days. However it showed a slight decrease in solution. It is highly recommended that quantitative determination of costunolide from Saussureae Radix should be conducted as early as possible after solvent extraction.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2000

In order to study the cytotoxic properties of sesquitepenes, dehydrocostus lactone (DL) and costunolide from Saussurea lappa, cytotoxicity was measured by SRB method using various human cancer cell lines. Dehydrocostus lactone(DL) and costunolide exhibited significant cytotoxicity against A-549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF-498 and HCT 15 cells. The U937 human leukemia cells treated with DL showed several apoptotic evidences like chromosome condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies. From the results of FACS analysis, early apoptosis was observed by phosphatidylserine externalization detected by annexin V-FITC. Furethermore, these studies determined hypodiploid contents and effects on the cell phase distribution of DL-treated U937 cells. After exposure of U937 cells to $30\mu\textrm{M}$ DL effectively led to G2/M modified cell cycle distribution within 24hr. These observations suggest that DL can be used efficiently for the cancer treatment.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2010

목향(Saussurea lappa) 뿌리 n-hexane 추출물의 ethyl ether 분획물로부터 경엽 살초 활성을 나타내는 물질로 dehydrocostus lactone (3aS,6aR,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[5,4-d]furan-2-one)(DHCL)을 분리 동정하였다. DHCL 4,000ppm의 경엽처리 결과, 바랭이, 옥수수 및 콩에 대하여 85% 이상의 엽신 고사율을 보인 반면에 까마중에서는 약 40%의 저해율을 나타내어, 화본과 및 광엽식물 간 선택성 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 검정식물 초종 간 반응성 차이를 나타내었다. 까마중에서의 반응성 차이는 다른 검정식물과 비교하여 까마중 잎의 비교적 높은 cuticle 함량에 의한 흡수량 감소 때문이었다. 광은 DHCL의 살초활성 발현과 관련이 없었으며, 종자 발아 및 세포 생장 억제 효과는 나타내지 않았다. DHCL 처리에 의한 엽절편의 전도도 증가 및 acetyl-CoA carboxylase의 활성 저해효과로부터 DHCL의 살초 활성 발현은 일정 부분 지방산 생합성 저해에 따른 세포막 약화에 의해 나타날 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1195-1199
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• 2005

In the present study, Inhibitory effects of the ethanol extract of Saussurea lappa (S. lappa) on the growth, acid production, adhesion and water-insoluble glucan synthesis of Streptouccus mutans (S. mutans) were examined. The growth and acid production of S. mutans were Inhibited by the presence of ethanol extract of S. lappa (0.5-4 mg/ml) significantly. The ethanol extract of S. lappa (0.25-4 mg/ml) also significantly lowered the adherence of S. mutans in a dose dependent manner. In water-insoluble glucan synthesis assay, 2-4 mg/ml of the ethanol extract of S. lappa significantly inhibited the formation of water-insoluble glucan. These results suggest that S. lappa may inhibit the caries-inducing properties of S. mutans. Further studies are necessary to clarify the active constituents of S. lappa responsible for such biomolecular activities.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.84-95
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• 2006

Costunolide is an active sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the root of Saussurea lappa Clarke and is known to exhibit a variety of biological activities, including anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, the pharmacological pathways of costunolide have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, its cytotoxic effects were examined using AGS gastric cancer cells. Its treatment resulted in apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The effects were attributed to the regulation of pro-apoptotic molecules and suppression of anti-apoptotic molecules. These results suggest that costunolide may be a candidate to deal with gastric cancers by chemopreventive agents.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2013

Objectives : Many cancers acquired resistance to chemotherapy, thus limiting its anticancer efficacy. It is known that Glutathione (GSH) is related to the development of drug resistance. The expression of GSH synthesizing glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) was controlled by nuclear factor-E2-related factor(Nrf2). Previous studies showed that pharmacological depletion of GSH results in ROS increase, apoptotic response, and sensitization to oxidizing stimuli. In the current study, we examined Saussurea Lappa (SL) have the inhibitory effect on Nrf2 activity using human lung cancer A549 cells overexpressing Nrf2. Methods : Cell viability of A549 cells on SL treatment was determined by MTT assay. To detect the apeptosis in SL-treated A549 cells, sub-G1 population was measured by flow cytometry analysis (FACS). The level ROS was determined by FACS and fluorescence microscopy. To investigate whether SL have effect the suppression on Nrf2, we performed western blotting analysis. The GSH content was measured since GSH plays an important role in response to oxidative stress and was regulated by Nrf2. Results : A549 cells treated with an SL extract showed a substantial decrease in cell viability, along with a concomitant increase in apoptosis compared to untreated cells. Treatment of the SL extract led to increased Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and a suppression of Nrf2. In addition, the antioxidant NAC attenuated SL-induced ROS generation, Nrf2 inhibition, and apoptosis. Taken together, these data show that the SL extract induced the production of ROS, and the inhibition of Nrf2, consequently resulting in A549 cell death. Conclusions : These results suggest that SL might be an effective agent to enhance anticancer drug sensitivity via Nrf2 inhibition.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 1999

Eleven out of 118 herbal medicines which are frequently used in Korean traditional prescriptions for inflammatory diseases exhibited more than 50% of inhibition on $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by their total ethanol extracts with 0.1 mg/ml as a final concentration. The active 11 total extracts were prepared from Angelica koreana, Coptis japonica, Cynanchum paniculatum, Magnolia frgesii, Magnolia officinalis, Panax ginseng, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Pterocarpus santalius, Rhapontica uniflora, Saussurea lappa. Of them, Coptis japonica, Magnolia fargesii and Saussurea lappa also significantly inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in vivo. These total extracts were sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. Among the solvent-fractionated extracts with 0.05 mg/ml as a final concentration, inhibitory effects of Angelica koreana, Magnolia fargesii, Magnolia officinalis, Pterocarpus santalinus, Rhapontica uniflora and Saussurea lappa markedly showed in one or two solvent fractions suggesting that the principles may be concentrated by subfractionation as the main compounds.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제12권3호통권18호
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• pp.117-130
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to introduce the differential standard of Mok-Hyaeng Radix species. We established the classificatory standard according to the external and internal morphology and the pattern in 4 kinds of Mok-Hyaeng Radix. The results follow: 1. On the external morphology, Radix of Vladimiria souliei had a sticky material in the head of roots and it was yellowish white in the cut surface. It attached to teeth during chewing. Radix of Aucklandia lappa (=Saussurea lappa) was dark grayish brown and was grayish brown in the cut surface. It had special odor and was not attache to teeth chewing it. On the other hand, Radix of Inula helenium was dark brown. In the cut surface, cortical layer was different from wood layer. Radix of Aristolochia contorta was yellowish brown. In the cut surface, it was not smooth and cortical layer was different from wood layer. 2. On the internal morphology, Radix of Vladimiria souliei had many fascicular fibers and scattered large oil chambers in the bast ray, xylem ray, and parenchyma. On Radix of Aucklandia lappa (=Saussurea lappa), it was difficult to find out the trace when the cork layer was exfoliated. The cambium formed circle and the large oil chambers were scattered in the phloem and xylem. On the other hand, external cortical layer of Radix of Inula helenium was detached and cambium was formed to indistinct circle and large oil chambers were scattered in the phloem and xylem. On Radix of Arustolochia contorta, the large oil chambers were scattered in the surface later, bast part was relatively broad and cambium formed circle. 3. On the TLC pattern, Radix of Aristolochia contorta, Inula helenium, Aucklandia lappa, and Vladimiria souliei were chromogenic to violet and purple according to sulfuric acid colour pattern, especially faint on Aristolochia contorta. 4. On the pattern analysis of HPLC, we compared the content and the pattern of constunolide and dehydrocostus lactone, Radix of Aucklandia lappa was similar to Radix of Vladimiria souliei and Radix of Aristolochia contorta was similar to Radix of Inula helenium. On the total HPLC component pattern, constunolide and dehydrocostus lactone were similar in all four types, but it showed the Rf 5-6 peak was only in Radix of Aristolochia contorta, not in Radix of Inula helenium, Aucklandia lappa, and Vladimiria souliei. It is considered the results of this study will be furnished the basis to succeeding studies and it is needed to extensive comparative study for the same genus-degree of relatedness.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.197-200
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• 2007

본 연구는 생약의 추출분획 용매 중 헥산추출에 따른 우식원인균의 억제효과와 배양시간 경과에 따른 항균력을 시간별로 비교 검토함으로써 치아우식예방제재로서의 가능성을 살펴보고자 헥산 분획에 의한 생약추출물 11종을 대상으로 우식원인균인 S. sobrinus B13를 사용하여 항균활성을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 생약 추출물에 S. sobrinus를 접종한 직후, 6, 12, 24시간 후의 항균효과를 측정해 보았을 때, 단삼이 가장 좋은 항균효과를 나타냈고, 그 다음으로 향부자와 목향, 백출 순으로 나타났다.