• 초등상담연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.141-169
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• 2007

One of the most common feelings in everyday life is anger. Anger plays an important role in activating emotional energy and increasing intolerance when confronted with hardships, frustration and improper treatments. And it provides us with controlling interpersonal behavior, organizing internal, physiological, psychological process and various adaptive functions. If anger is not properly expressed, it brings about offensive attitude, leading to not only physical impairment but also anxiety in interpersonal relations and maladaptive to everyday life. For elementary school students, frequent quarrels, abusive words and defiant attitude toward adults are also caused by students' anger. Therefore, students' anger is one of the most difficult problems to be dealt with not only psychologically but also in elementary schools. In this respect, after investigating frequently experienced anger- inducing situations and inventing anger-inducing situation questionnaire, we postulated specific situations changing irrational belief into rational one. Based on these situations, we accounted for how to cope with anger inducing factors and change irrational belief into rational one, introducing several strategies needed to control anger, invented cognitive behavioral anger control program and tried to clarify the relationship between anger inducing experience and anger regulation ability. In order to derive usual anger-inducing situations, we made 180 students with fifth and sixth grade to record the reason why he/she got angry, mood, thought, behavior and result. Through this process, we could derive 47 situations bringing about anger and prepared anger-inducing situation questionnaire. It can be divided into 3 anger inducing situations by using factor analysis into 500 elementary students of fifth and sixth grade. Cognitive behavioral anger control program used in this study consists of 13 sessions. From first to fifth session, it is composed of 10 anger control methods to make students be aware of and control their anger. From sixth through thirteenth session, the relationship between irrational belief and anger inducing is introduced is focused on how irrational belief is changed into rational one. To examine the effects of the program, high anger students and the students lacking anger control are selected. Thirty students through pre-test using anger-inducing questionnaire and anger control ability questionnaire are taught the goals and procedures. Volunteer students and students with parents' consent allocated to experimental group (12 students) and the rest of the students are control group (12 students). Cognitive Behavioral Anger Control Program are applied every 50 minutes twice a week for 7 weeks and 4 weeks before and after this program, anger-inducing situation questionnaire and anger control ability questionnaire are practiced. Data collected in this study analyzed by SPSS and Kwakstat. In the middle of this program, quarterly reports and satisfaction measuratings were evaluated to examine whether there is verbal and non-verbal behavior change and students feel satisfied with the program. The results of this study are as follows: First, Cognitive-behavioral anger control program used in this study effectively reduced anger experience and lasted for 4 weeks. Second, cognitive behavioral anger control program increased students' ability to control anger inducing situations and also effective for 4 weeks. And its effect on verbal and non-verbal behaviour was very impressive Students come to realize that irrational belief is the cause of their anger and actively apply cognitive-behavioral anger control technique to themselves as well. Students became improved in their peer relations and felt confident in everyday life. The overall evaluation of this program can be listed as follows; "very satisfactory (91.67%)", "satisfactory (8.33%)", "very helpful (91.67%)", "helpful (8.33%). In this study we first investigated several anger-inducing situations and invented anger-inducing situation questionnaire and then applied cognitive behavioral anger control program in order to control their. anger and not to experience it. By creating workbooks and manuals this method can easily be used in school education settings.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.654-667
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• 2005

To survey the different view points about food service programs among parents and teachers, 2 types of questionnaires, which consisted of attitude, perception, satisfaction and demand of the food service program in child education centers, were used. The data was collected from 2450 parents and 450 teachers who attended a child education center in 16 provinces, nationwide. SPSS was used for descriptive analysis and ANOVA test and $X^2-test$. The frinding results were as follows. 1. The average serving size of meal (lunch) were 80 meals per day and 167 meals per day at large institutions. Mean cost of snacks was 14,709 won per month and mean costs of lunch were 29,319 won per month. The mean price was not significantly different according to the scale of institution. The numbers of servings of lunch, morning snack and afternoon snack were 5, 3.4 and 3.5 times per week each. $56.4\%$ of the institutions served meals to children in classrooms, but the national/public institutions, which were attending elementary school, served meals in a dining place in the elementary school. 2. Teacher controlled serving portion size of snacks $(79.6\%)$ and lunch $(88.8\%)\;and\;30.1\%$ of teacher did not allow leaving lunch food. The ratio of knowing about preserved meals of the teacher who worked at a small institution was significantly higher than the teacher who worked at large institutions (p<0.01). 3. Between parents and teachers, several different view points about school lunch programs were detected. Most parents and teachers wanted that the school lunch to be fully cooked and served at the child education institution itself, but $12.2\%$ of parents and $14.4\%$ of teachers wanted a catering service. The teachers group preferred 'lunch box from home' and 'home partially prepared lunch' as an ideal meal serving type than the parent groups (p<0.01). And there were significantly different view points about price factors in school meals, teachers group highly answered that operating expenses must be added in meal prices. 4. The teacher groups' priorities of education activities during meal time were a significantly lower score than parents group in overall education activities. Teacher and parent groups pointed out that individual sanitation activities were most important of the education activities during meal time, but promoting good eating habits was the lowest score in both groups. 5. 'Improving taste and food quality' was most urgent in food service at child education centers, but there were significantly different view points between parent groups $(64.5\%)$ and teacher groups $(43.8\%)\;(p<0.05)$. They answered at a lower percent in 'employee qualified person' and 'cost control' point to improve food service, but there were also different opinions between the two groups (p<0.01). 6. As to the matter of the advantages and disadvantages of catering services, two group answered that the advantages of a catering service were 'convenience' and 'to solve facilities and labor problems', disadvantages were 'lower in food freshness' and 'sanitation problems'. There were also several different view pionts in catering services, the parents groups were more anxious about food sanitation than teachers. This study found several different view points about school food services among parents and teachers. To improve food services at child education institutions, there is a need to adjust the differences between the two groups through interactive communication channels and education and to employ dietitians as taking charge of adjusting roles between the two groups.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-36
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the needs of breast self examination education (BSEE) programs for developing nursing centers. A first, we reviewed the literature of activity and management-related factors of nursing centers: and, second. we used a questionnaire to discover the degree of knowledge, attitude, and practice on breast cancer, as well as an individual's intention to participate BSEE program. 1. Reviewing the literatures of nursing center activities. Nursing centers which were administered by a professional nurse are an ideal site for faculty and student practices. With the use of nursing models of health. professional nurses in nursing centers diagnose and treat human responses to potential and actual health problems and offer holistic, client-centered health service. In nursing centers professional nursing services include health education, health promotion, and health-related research. A nursing center is comprised of the advisory and exacutive commitee; the advisory commitee serves consultants and links community needs to the nursing center, while the director of the exacutive commitee identifies the potential resources to generate funds, support, and facilitate the activities of staffs in a nursing center. Nursing centers mobilize various financal resources for reimbursement of services from college and insurance companies, collect minimum service fees from the client, and further collect fees for providing programs to community groups, this also includes membership fees, and donations. The services provided by nursing centers focus on services related to primary prevention, health maintenance & health promotion, direct nursing care for acute & chronic diseases, and holistic care for actual and potential health problems. The client satisfaction for the services was high. Students also showed positive reponses for their clinical experiences and independent working conditions. 2. The degree of knowledge, attitudes, and practices for breast cancer. and an individual's intention to participate in the BSEE program. The subjects of this study were 308 females in K-city in the Republic of Korea. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 35.0 years old. Those who already participated in the BSEE were 64.9%, and those who had support and encouragement to practice BSE from significant others were 25.1 %. Clients intent to participate in the BSEE were 37.0%. The mean score of knowledge(2.4 out of 5 points) and practices(1.8 out of 5 points) for breast cancer were quite low, but the mean score of attitudes was relatively positive04.5 out of 20 point) for breast cancer. Those who already had BSEE showed significantly high scores in knowledge(t=6.48, p<0.01), attitudes (t=10.54, p<0.01). and practices(t=57.07, p<0.001) for breast cancer than those who had not participated in the BSEE. In all age groups no intention to participate in the BSEE was higher than who the intention to participate. These findings suggest some strategies should be developed to increase the awareness of breast cancer's early detection.

• 한국유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유통학회 2003년도 동계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.123-166
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• 2003

마케팅 경로는 여러 개의 유통 기관이 상호 관련을 맺으면서 분업과 협업을 하는 기능적 조직의 성격을 가진 사회 시스템의 하나로 인식되고 있다. 유통경로 내에서의 경로구성원들은 서로 상호작용을 하면서 유리한 위치에서 거래를 성사시키기 위해 노력을 한다. 따라서 경로구성원들은 유리한 위치를 차지하기 위해 파워를 행사하게 되고 행사된 파워는 경로구성원들간의 만족과 갈등에 영향을 미친다. 최근 대형소매업체들의 증가로 구매파워를 내세운 바이어들이 생산업자보다 더 막강한 파워를 행사하는 현상이 유통경로 내에서 일반적으로 일어나고 있다. 그러나 공급자의 입장에서 다양한 공급경로가 있고 또한 제품의 특성상 계절성이 강하고 공급의 불안정성이 상대적으로 큰 농산물인 경우에는 공급자와 바이어의 파워형태가 공산품인 경우와는 다른 모습을 보일 것이라 예상된다. 따라서 유통업체와 공급업자에게는 지속적인 관계 유지를 위해 효과적인 방안들을 제시하고 또한 정책입안자들에게도 각각 맞는 시사점을 제시하여 유통경로 전체의 성과를 높일 수 있도록 발전적인 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 서로간의 믿음이나 신뢰성이 있는 거래관계를 유지하기 위해서는 유통경로구성원들간의 인식의 변화가 필요하다고 본다. 그러기 위해서는 공급자와 바이어의 관계를 종속관계가 아닌 협력관계로의 사고전환이 경로구성원 모두에게 필요하다고 본다. 상대적으로 파워가 약한 공급자는 스스로 경쟁력 요소를 강화하여 전문적 파워를 갖추고 유통업체의 강력한 제품 공급처를 유지하기 위해 품질유지에 대한 노하우로 기술적인 전문성을 강화시켜야 할 것이다. 또한 농산물의 브랜드화도 유통거래 상에서 경쟁력을 높일 수 있는 좋은 방안이 될 것이다.example 3T and 4T systems are now being equipped with 2kV, 500A gradient coils and amplifiers capable of generating 4G/cm in 200msec, over a 67+/-cm bore diameter. High field EPI applications require oscillation rates at 1 kHz and higher. To achieve a benchmark 0.2 ppm shim over a 30cm sphere in a high field magnet, at least four stages of shimming need to be considered. 1) A good high field magnet will be built to a homogeneity spec. falling in the range of 100 to 150 ppm over this 30cm spherical "sweet spot" 2) Most modern high field magnets will also have superconducting shim coils capable of finding 1.5 ppm by their adjustment during system installation. 3) Passive ferro-magnetic shimming combined with 4) active, high order room temperature shim coils (as many as five orders are now being recommended) will accomp

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.86-101
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• 2000

노화란 인간을 포함한 모든 생물이 죽음을 향해서 변화해가는 과정을 포괄적으로 말한 것으로 사람들은 위의 과정을 일생이라 정의하는데, 이를 세분하여 성장, 성숙 또는 유지, 노화로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 이러한 입장에서 보면 노화는 초기 성장단계로부터 연계되고 또한 노화이전의 결과가 노화로 나타난다고 말 할 수 있다. 올해는 유엔이 정한 노인의 해이다. 과학의 발전과 경제적 조건의 향상으로 전세계적으로 인간의 평균 수명이 증가하고 있는 추세인데 이로써 65세 이후의 노인의 비율이 각 나라마다 증가하고 있는 경향을 보이고 있다. 따라서 노인들의 건강한 노후를 위해 다각적인 배려가 모색되어야 한다. 이런 입장에서 노인의 건강과 영양섭취 실태에 영향을 미치는 사회 경제적 요인을 문헌을 중심으로 고찰해 보았다. 한국의 경우, 65세 이상의 노인의 비율이 1997년 현재 전 인구의 6.3%로 다른 OECD국가에 비해 노인인구의 비율은 낮지만 평균 수명의 증가로 점차 그 비율이 높아지고 있어 프랑스, 스웨덴과 같이 노인 인구가 10%를 넘는 고령화 국가에는 아직 못 미치지만 점차로 그에 접근해 가고 있는 실정이다. 이런 추세라면 2020년경에는 노인 인구가 아동인구를 앞설 것으로 예측하고 있다. 여러 연구 결과에 의하면 한국의 노인들은 경제적으로 궁핍한 상태에 있는 것으로 나타나고 있는데 이런 경제적인 조건이 노인들의 주관적인 생활 만족도와 건강상태에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다. 뿐만 아니라 교육 정도가 높을수록, 가족간의 결속력이 클수록 노인들이 느끼는 주관적 건강 상태가 높아지는 것을 볼 수 있다. 또한 수입, 교육, 직업, 고용상태, 결혼상태, 가족구성원, 성, 어린시절의 조건 등이 노인의 건강과 밀접한 관련을 맺고 있는 것으로 제시되고 있다. 수입의 감소는 노인의 사망률을 증가시키며 결혼 한 경우는 결혼하지 않은 경우보다 사망률이 낮았다. 고용상태와 직업의 경우도 사망률에 영향을 주는데, 고용된 사람의 경우 비고용된 사람의 경우 보다 사망률이 낮았으며 비전문직 종사자보다 전문직 종사자의 사망률이 낮은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 어린 시절의 조건은 노인의 건강에 영향을 미치며 건강에 대한 관심도에 의해 중재될 수 있는데, 노인의 어린 시절에 발생한 가족간의 불화는 건강에 대한 관심도를 낮추어 그후 노인기 건강에 영향을 준다고 한다. IUGR은 신생아의 크기와 모양의 차이를 가져오며 성인기의 상이한 질병을 유발시키므로 태아기의 성장 손상은 성인의 건강에 중요한 영향을 준다. 생활방식은 사회경제적 차에 의한 건강 불평등을 야기시키는 한편, 생활방식의 차는 사회경제적 차에 따른 건강 불평등을 다소 완화시킬 수 있다. 생활방식이 양호한 경우 노인의 자가건강 만족도는 증가된다고 한다. 그러나 생활방식에 의한 영향은 사회경제적 요인에 비해 그 영향이 적다고 한다. 한국노인의 영양섭취상태는 권장량에 비해 부족하다고 보고되고 있으며 수입, 교육, 계층의식 등의 사회경제적 요인에 따라 영양섭취량과 식습관, 우울도 등이 영향을 받는다. 또 도시거주노인에 비해 농촌거주노인이, 재가노인에 비해 시설노인의 영양상태가 부족한 것으로 보고되고 있는데 거주상태에 따라 노인의 건강과 영양상태가 달라지는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 결론적으로 노인들과 연관된 사회경제적 요인은 노인의 건강과 영양상태에 중요한 영향을 미치므로 노인들이 영향을 받고 있는 사회경제적 요인의 복합적인 분석을 통하여 노인의 건강과 영양상태를 보다 효율적으로 증진시킬 수 있는 대안이 마련되어져야 한다고 사료된다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2006

목 적: 본 연구의 목적은 방사선 치료를 받고 있는 암 환자들의 치료관련정보에 대한 사전교육, 이해정도 및 교육 요구도를 파악하여 효과적이고 실제적인 환자 교육 프로그램 개발의 기초 자료로 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 본 연구는 부산광역시에 소재하는 4개 대학병원과 1개 종합병원에 있는 치료 방사선과를 대상으로 하여 방사선 치료를 받는 194명의 암 환자에게 직접 설문지를 배포하여 조사하였다. 결 과: 자료 분석은 SPSS통계 프로그램을 이용, 전산처리하고 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성은 빈도와 백분율로 분석하였다. 통계분석 방법으로는 항목별 평균평점을 산출하였으며 크기 순으로 이해정도와 교육요구도에 우선순위를 배정하였다. 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성과 방사선치료 기초조사에 따른 이해 및 교육요구도간의 차이는 t-test, ANOVA로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 방사선치료에 대한 환자들의 이해정도는 $2.22{\sim}3.53$(5점 만점) 사이로 평균평점 $2.67{\pm}0.59$이며 전반적으로 보통이하의 이해수준을 갖고 있으며 실제 치료와 관련된 이해사항에 대해서는 상당히 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 2. 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 분석을 보면 교육정도, 인터넷 사용유무, 입원유무, 월 총수입별 특성 등에서 유의성을 나타내었고 다른 특성들에서는 유의성이 없었다. 3. 방사선 치료환자의 교육요구도는 평균평점 $3.91{\sim}4.34$(5점 만점)의 분포로 평균평점 $4.19{\pm}0.45$로 나타나 비교적 높은 평점을 나타내 이해정도가 낮은 만큼 그에 반비례하여 교육요구도는 높은 결과를 나타냈다. 4. 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 교육요구도는 연령으로 나타났으며, 교육은 30대가 70대보다 교육요구도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 성별, 교육정도, 인터넷 사용유무, 치료일수별, 총 조사선량, 입원유무, 거주지별 구분 등에서도 교육합의 차이가 있어 통계적 유의성이 나타났다. 5. 방사선치료 환자의 이해정도와 교육요구도의 상관관계는 이해정도가 낮을 수 록 교육요구도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: 방사선 치료를 받는 암 환자들의 이해정도와 교육요구도는 교육수준, 연령, 치료부위, 증상경험 등 여러 요인에 따라 조금씩 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났지만, 전반적으로 치료를 받고 있는 환자의 입장에서 이해정도는 부족하며, 이에 반해 교육요구도는 높은 것으로 나타났다. 의료 여건상 개개인의 특성을 모두 고려한 교육은 현실적으로 무리한 점은 인정하지만 이 연구의 자료를 기초로 환자들의 평균적인 기준을 마련하고 환자들이 치료과정에서 실질적으로 알고자 하는 의문점들을 체계적으로 교육해 나간다면 지금까지 보다 훨씬 더 나은 환자 만족과 치료 결과를 얻을 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제34호
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• pp.89-113
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• 2013

국제화된 현대사회에서 공항을 이용한 비행기 여행은 우리의 생활에 친숙하지만 언제 테러리스트들의 목표물이 되어 우리의 안전을 위협할지 모른다. 9.11테러사건으로 대변되는 항공 테러리즘은 현대를 살아가는 우리들에게 상상을 초월한 공포를 안겨주고 있다. 1931년 페루에서 세계 최초의 항공기 납치사건이 발생한 이래 세계 각국의 보안당국은 항공 테러리즘을 차단하기 위해 다양한 예방조치를 취해왔다. 항공 테러를 예방할 수 있는 가장 현실성 있는 조치는 항공기 탑승객들의 신체와 화물을 검색하여 폭발물 등 위해물품이 있는 지를 적발함으로써 테러리스트의 접근을 통제하는 보안검색활동일 것이다. 그러나 우리나라의 보안검색활동은 9.11체제 이후 테러의 위험에 따른 공공성을 더욱 강화한 선진 각국의 보안검색활동과 달리 공항운영의 효율성을 기하기 위해 민간경비 중심의 보안검색활동으로 전환하였다. 즉 2001년 3월 인천공항이 개항된 이후 경찰중심의 보안검색 체제가 공항운영자인 공항공사가 보안검색 업무를 지도 감독하며, 현실적인 보안검색활동은 민간경비요원이 담당하게 하도록 변경된 것이다. 그러나 이와 같은 검색체제는 민간경비요원의 직무만족도 저하와 감독체계의 혼선으로 말미암아 갈수록 조직화되고 지능화되고 있는 테러리스트들의 테러활동을 차단하는데 한계가 있다. 따라서 민간기업의 경영관리전략 중의 하나인 위험관리 기법을 보안검색활동에 도입하여 정기적으로 항공테러의 위험요소를 확인 분석하고, 우선순위 설정, 위험감소활동, 보안성 평가의 각 과정을 거침으로써 테러활동을 예방할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 테러의 위협이 심각한 경우 경찰관을 검색대에 배치하는 등 테러위협의 정도에 따라 보안검색의 수준을 적절히 변경하는 등의 노력도 필요하다. 한편 현장의 보안검색활동과 감독기능의 원활한 소통을 위해서 항공보안검색을 전담할 국가경찰기구를 설립하여 항공보안업무의 체계화와 전문화를 도모한다면 항공테러라는 거대위험의 두려움을 감소시켜 비행기 여행의 안전을 보장할 수 있을 것이다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.347-367
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate drug abuse and to find related factors among high school students. The subjects for this study were 973 students from 10 high schools in Taegu city. The data were collected from September 30, 1996 to October 30, 1996. The questionnaire developed by Kim Soyoaja (1991) surveyed adolescent drug use and questions on smoking and drinking were readjusted and added by the researcher based on review. The data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, $X^2-test$, t -test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient with the SPSS /PC+. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The proportion of students who drank alcohol 1-2 times or more per year was 52.4% and smoked Cigarette 1 -2 times or more per year was 20.8%. The 7 different drugs(Analgetics 5.7%. sleeping pills and sedatives 4.2%, antihistamines 1.1%. stimulants 7.7%, hallucinogens 0.8%, inhalants 3.3%, and narcotics 0.6%) were also evaluated. 2. There was a significant relationship between drinking and type of school($X^2$=62.97, p<.0l), grades($X^2$=33.86, P<.001), school life($X^2$= 19.04, p<.001), and delinquent friends($X^2$= 64.72, P<.001). 3. There was a significant relationship between smoking and type of school($X^2$=153.65, p<.001), grades ($X^2$=67.53, p<.001), their respect for teachers ($X^2$=33.80, p<.001) school life($X^2$ =50.87, p<.001), and delinquent friends($X^2$ =85.28, p<.001). 4. There was a significant relationship between the 7 different kinds of drug abuse and type of school ($X^2$=14.65, p<.01), grades($X^2$=12.89, p<.01), their respect for teachers ($X^2$=8.46, p<.05), and delinquent friends($X^2$=22.42, p<.001). 5. There was a significant relationship between a parent's habitual drug abuse and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse($X^2$=7.78, p<.01), as well as a parent's attitude toward drugs and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse($X^2$=6.33, p<.05). 6. There was a significant difference between drinking(t=-12.53, p<.001), smoking(t=-15.98, p<.001), the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(t=-5.77, p<.001), and the respondant's delinquent experience. 7. There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.4166, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2200, p<.001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1428, p<.05). There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.5977, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2849, p<. 001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1711, p<.05) among male students. There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.4219, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2611, p<.001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1764, p<.001) among female students. 8. There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.0709, p<.05) drinkry and parent -child relationships (r=.1321, p<.01), drinking and mother's rearing attitude(r=.0704, P<.05), smoking and parent -child relationships(r=.0813, P<.05). There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.14S7, p<.01), drinkng and parent-child relationships(r=.2147, p<.001), smoking and family stability(r=.1544, p<.01), smoking and parent. -child relationships (r=. 2018, P<.01) among male students. There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.1l21, p<.05), drinking and mother's rearing attitude (r=.0988, P<.05), smoking and parent -child relationships (r=. 0940, P<.05) among female students. 9. There was a significant difference between the 7 different kinds of drug abuse and family stability (t=2.23, p<.05), parent-child relationships (t=4. 34, p<.001), satisfaction with family (t=4.02, p<.001), father's rearing attitude(t=3.04, p<.01), mother's rearing attitude(t=2.87, p<.01). The distribution channel of drugs including alcohol beverages and cigarettes should be evaluated and restructured to discourage student's temptation and to limit accessibility. The step by step preventive teaching on alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking is needed from middle school to help prevent further drug abuse.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.177-198
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• 2006

This study purposed to offer basic data for safety education of the dental laboratory technology after the investigation of how much the students in the dept. of dental laboratory technology are aware of the danger of each instrument, equipment or laboratory procedure that they use during laboratory and how much they demand safety education for this. The objects for this study were 423 students who were in the dept. of dental laboratory technology. In this regard, four colleges which have the dept. of dental laboratory technology were randomly selected to do a questionnaire survey. SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze the collected data. The results were as follows: As for satisfaction with their major, the respondents answered Satisfied (59.1%), Average (35.5%) and Dissatisfied (5.4%). In terms of the production process of a partial denture, they considered casting, polishing the casting body, polishing denture and burn out were most dangerous in order. As for the production process of a full denture, what they regarded as the most dangerous in order was polishing denture, deflasking and wax wash. Regarding the laboratory procedures of porcelain material, casting, trimming casting body, polishing porcelain material and burn out were the most dangerous procedures that they perceived. With regard to materials for use, alcohol, polishing, metal and wire were the most dangerous ones they thought. As for the handling characteristics of each material, small towns showed a higher demand for safety of the handling characteristics of alcohol. In terms of school year and sex, juniors and girls had higher scores in the demand for safety of the handling characteristics of acid. Regarding the handling characteristics of each equipment and instrument, all of small towns, juniors and girls showed the highest demand for safety of the handling characteristics of alcohol lamps. With regard to scores in the demand for safety of other characteristics, all of small towns, juniors and girls had the highest demand for safety of emergency treatment. Concerning the demand for safety education by the completion of safety education, in terms of each material, highest was the demand for safety of acid from the group which completed safety education. In regard to equipments and instruments, when it came to the demand for safety of the handling characteristics of casting machine, the educated group's demand for safety of acid was higher. Regarding other characteristics, the group which was not educated gained higher scores in the demand for safety of emergency treatment. 11. In all areas(materials, machines and others), small towns, girls and juniors showed higher scores in the demand for safety. Based on the above results, it was found that when students conduct the laboratory of dental technology, they would think that many materials, instruments or equipments for use are very dangerous. However, safety education was not fully given to them. Regarding the scores in the damned for safety education, the highest was 4.16 and the lowest was 3.43, which suggests that the scores were generally very high. In this regard, it is necessary to continue delivering a systematic safety education of materials, equipments or instruments used during the laboratory of dental technology. Therefore, through the analysis of each material, instruments or facility used in every laboratory and each process, safety accident types and accident risk factors should be investigated to develop educational materials for this. Moreover, it is required to open safety education as a single course of study or insert safety contents of all materials and machines into the class of dental laboratory instrument or dental materials for the purpose of a systematic and thorough safety education to prevent a safety accident during laboratory.

• 대한간호
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.51-72
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to determine whether Severance Hospice Home Care Pro gram was able to meet its objectives. This was done in order to show in detail the effects of hospice home care on the quality of life of terminally ill patients and to provide rationale for setting up more hospice home care programs in korea. The results of the study were as follows: The subjects of the study were 100 terminally ill patients who hnd died 'while in the hospice program and 64 family members who were registered with Severance Hospice Home Care Program between march 1988 and Feb. 1990. The nursing needs of these terminally ill patients were assessed by the nursing records of these patients. The need for pain control(82%) was the highest nursing need so far as the physical aspects were concerned. This was followed by poor appetite(37%), 8 dyspnea(34%), nausea and vomiting(30%) in that order of frequency. In reqard to spiritual needs, the need for religious' support was also high at 72%. Their main psychological symptoms were anxiety and fear(34% ). Burn-out was a major problem for 44% of the family members. The psychological process experiencel by the terminal ill patients was compared to the dying process, described by Kiibler Ross. In comparison of the five stages outlined by kubler Ross with the dying process of the subjects it was found that the subjects not only experienced the five stages but also experienced denial and doubt-fulness or denial with acceptance or acceptance with the expectation of a miracle. But rather than acceptance of the dying process, giving up was a frequent end point of the psychological process, of the subjects. However, when the combination of states was observed, most of the patients reached the state of acceptance in the dying process. It was difficult to identify a definite pattern of change in the psychological process of the subjects. Also it was difficult to identify the factors that influenced the psychological process. The symptoms of the terminally j]] subjects just before dying, that is, 3-4 days before dying included apparent signs of dying. These were a reduction of intake(77%), reduction of the amount of urination(63%), increase in sleeping time (64%) and acceptance of dying by patients and their families who had been unaccepting be before that time(66%). The primary care givers(family member's) degree of satisfaction with the care given to the patient by the hospice was 88.7%. The results of this study show that Severance Hospice Home Care Program had a positie effeet on the quality of life of the terminally ill patients and their family members as they faced the death of the patient. It can be seen from this study that there is an urgent need to extend hospice programs - in order to provide quality of care for terminally ill patient and their families. Based upon the reesults of this study several suggestions are presente as follows: 1) A follow up study should be carried out to identify the dying process as it is unique to Korea. 2) A comparison should be made of other hospice care programs. 3) A comparison study should- be made with subjects who do not receive any hospice care as compared to those who do by use of an experimental and control group methodology. 4) There is a need to determine a scientific method to adequeto measure the interventions carried out to meet the hospice patients nursing care needs. 5) A study should be made using quality research methodology to evaluate effects of hospiec care from the patients, their family members and the nurrse's perspective.