• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.33
• /
• pp.136-161
• /
• 2000

This paper is a study on the design of the gilt-bronze sarira caskets discovered in 1959 and 1996, from a east and a west three-story stone pagodas in Gameunsa Temple site which was built in 682. One of the most interesting discoveries is the ceiling with Bokdu(覆斗) design which can be seen in Dun-Huang grotto of China, reflected upon the ceiling structure of the cover (outer casket) and the square box (inner casket). The structure of these sarira caskets, as art crafts, directly represents architectural structure of Dun-Huang grotto that was made during the early T'ang period of China. Moreover, the sarira caskets are decorated with ornate designs and these designs also can be seen on the murals of Dun-Huang grotto. Accordingly, those sarira caskets tell us creative ability and international taste of Silla's craftsmen. By tracing the origin of structure and design pattern of the sarira caskets to Central Asian and Chinese architectures, it is able to understand international style of the sarira caskets of Gameunsa Temple site.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• s.29
• /
• pp.111-124
• /
• 2008

Gold case which is called sarari container was excavated from Wangheungsaji of Buyeo in October 2007. This case did not contain sarira, but was filled with clear liquid. This study focused on component analysis of the liquid which had filled sarira container, because we didn't know if this case had not originally contained sarira or not. It is said that original sarira can be melted by a some liquid in this case. So, many kinds of samples which are liquid, soil and ground water, was collected from a inner and outer of sarira container, and analyzed using a IC, ICP-MS, GC-MS and SEM-EDS. As a result of analysis, all of the elements composition was identified by general components of soil and ground water. Especially, phosphate which is chemical element to consist of human bone, did not found in this liquid.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 2012

Iksan Mireuksaji Stone pagoda was built A.D. 639 when King Moo was governing Baekje, in which Sarira has been enshrined in a hole dug in the stereobate for 1,370 years. In South Korea, about 150 cases of Sarira have been found so far. In this connection, many studies have been conducted on how to manage it and on its genesis, but there have been no data on environments to which it has been exposed. In this study, accordingly, researches were made into environments to which Sarira has been exposed as well as into how much it has been damaged under the environments. Sarira in wooden pagodas was influenced greatly by water, but that in stone pagodas by saturated relative humidity. Thus, Sarira in the containers was significantly influenced by the outside temperature for 1 to 2 days, but had no any reaction to humidity. The time it took for the humidity in a Sarira container to reach its maximum, varied depending upon the humidity of the day when Sarira was enshrined. In the case of this pagoda, the humidity reached its maximum 30 days later.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• s.25
• /
• pp.5-29
• /
• 2004

This research carried out ancient technique and composition of the relics recovered from the octagonal nine-storied pagoda of Woljeongsa temple using the scientific methods and obtained the following results. Firstly, The silver sarira inner case is consists of Ag, its materials comes out near 98wt%and comparing with the relics of Hwangnamdaechong, the contents of Ag and Ni are almost same with it. Secondly, The bronze sarira outer case, its contents of Cu is almost same with pure copper of which average is 99.7wt%. So, it should be named the copper sarira outer caserather than the bronze sarira outer case that has been called. Thirdly, The bronze mirror, though the contents of tin and lead are less than other contents which have been studied, they tend to have white color so they need to be made a close study. Especially, Because cultural property of nondestructive surface analytic method is not analyzed by the analysis of cross section and the moisten analysis, it may be occurred analytical errors by other factors.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• s.24
• /
• pp.215-227
• /
• 2003

The gilt-bronze Sarira Reliquary was discovered when repairing three-stories east stone pagoda (Treasure No. 395) at Seungju-eup in Suncheon city in Jeollanam-do Province in August, 1986. Then it was appointed as Treasure in 1988. The Sarira Reliquary had been held in Seonamsa temple, but deterioration on the surface and corrosion had appeared affecting its surface detail. Consequently, the conservation treatment was carried out from November 2002 to March 2003.The corrosion and dirt on the surface of the Sarira Reliquary were cleaned with ethyl alcohol and Benzotriazole was applied to prevent further corrosion. Finally, NAD-10(Paraloid NAD-10), acrylic resin, was used to consolidate the structure. Moreover, after non-destructive analysis to confirm element of alloy, copper, gold, silver and mercury were discovered and this result tells us that it was plated with gold by amalgam. Fibers at the pedestal were examined under the microscope and identified as silk. The total height of this Sarira Reliquary is 6.0cm, the height of lotus pedestal and the roof is 2.7cm and 1.8cm, respectively. The roof and body are joined together, and the lotus pedestal can be separated, on which the octagonal reliquary is impaled. The pedestal consists of 3layers of petals and the surface is decorated with flower pattern. The reliquary is presumed to be created in the 14th century, and it becomes valuable historical material to reveal the secret of metal work in the late Goryeo Dynasty.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.238-239
• /
• 2005

This study has performed to investigate the Buddhist remains at Korea Particularly, the Nirvana and Sarira Pagoda at Tongdo temple, Sangwoun temple, Jungam temple, Bubheung temple and Bongjongam are handled by using on the observation, references and interviews with some experts in Buddhist culture. The results in Korea are compared with that of Thailand and China. But, The Nirvana and the Sarira Pagoda to keep Buddha's relic are quite different at each temple in Korea, Thailand and China.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.608-622
• /
• 2006

This study has performed to investigate the Buddhist remains in Korea Particularly, the Nirvana and Sarira Pagoda at Tongdo temple, Sangwoun temple, Jungam temple, Bubheung temple and Bongjongam are handled by using on the observation, references and interviews with some experts in Buddhist culture. The results in Korea are compared with that of Thailand and China. But, The Nirvana and the Sarira Pagoda to keep Buddha's relic are quite different at each temple in Korea, Thailand and China. The air velocities were calculated in side of the Nirvana by using STAR-CD.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2015

This is a study on the construction of the Heungcheon-Temple. The results are follows. 1) The Heungcheon-Temple was anticipated to be the Jeongneung. However, when completed, the Heungcheon-Temple was symbolized Buddhism; moreover, there was a stupa enshrined sarira. The stupa was a land mark in Hanyang. While king Sejong repaired the stupa, it disappeared during the regin of King Jungjong. Before it disappeared the stupa signified a Buddhist event and a rite of good fortune. 2) The stupa was constructed using a double-frame, and there was a stone-stupa in an octagonal multi-layer temple. This single location consisted of a sarira space and a worship space. 3) Buddhist Relic(Sarira) worship was to witness holiness and therefore reics could be moved according to need. It appeared as though Buddhist Relic worship occurred in Southeast Asia. 4) The Heungcheon-Temple stupa was considered a new and superior architectural-symbol to comfort people and recognize the new order of Ming and neo-Confucianism. Therefore, the stupa was a good alternative to politics, religion, and external relations during the early Joseon era.

• Conservation Science in Museum
• /
• v.4
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2003

We performed conservation treatment for the sarira reliquary from the pagoda of Hwangnyongsa temple site. The sarira reliquary is in the shape of gilt-bronze octagonal miniature pagoda. Through radiography, it was newly proved that a radial design exists on the roof part. The gilded layer was plated with amalgam. Each part was plated first before being put together. We restored the lost parts and made supports, and then assembled it in the following order: base, upper part of the base, shaft and roof part.

• Conservation Science in Museum
• /
• v.13
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 2012

The flower type ornament of the gilt bronze palace-type sarira reliquary among those sarira reliquaries of the East Pagoda at the Gameunssa Temple Site, which is the Treasure No. 1359 owned by the National Museum of Korea, was separated from the sarira reliquary in November 2010, thus conducting conservation treatments to be done on two items including the gilt bronze palace-type sarira reliquary during the period of March-October 2011. Those conservation treatments were carried out by following the process of removing the coated areas having excessive gross and bubbles, re-coating with Incralac, and then strengthening both the cracked areas and the separated flower-type ornaments with woven glass fiber after rejoining. For those areas where removal of gloss and bubbles at the coating and adhesive areas was not possible, the gloss and bubbles were made less perceivable through matting treatment and coloring.