• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.3 s.112
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• pp.108-123
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate costumes worn by high government officials which are illustrated in Tamna Sullyeokdo at the era of King Sukjong of the Joseon Dynasty. The findings of the study are as fellows: 1. Tamna Sullyeokdo showed that Moksa wore an simplified version of Jobok at a congratulatory ceremony. They wore Sibok at such events as examinations, Yeonhyang or Jinsang. Particularly at Yeonhyang, Samo was decorated with some red flowers. The officials wore Yungbok when they were participated in military training, hunting or arrow shooting competitions. They wore Pyeonbok when they go on a trip 2. Pangwan wore Sibok when they took an examination. They wore Yungbok during military training while they wore Pyeonbok during Tamseung. 3. Hyeongam wore Sangbok at a congratulatory ceremony. When they take part in military training, examinations, Yeonhyang or Jinsang, those officials wore Sibok. They also wore Yungbok during military training, Yeonhyang or Jinsang. They wore Jurip decorated with some red flowers during Yeonhyang. And they wore Pyeonbok when they were inspecting military training of Seongjeonggun. 4. Gungwan wore Yungbok at every events. They wore Jurip decorated with Hosu and Jeonrip on their head, and wore Cheolrik during military drills, arrow shooting competitions, examinations, Jinsang, or Tamseung. They wore Jeonip decored with red flowers during Yeonhyang. During regular military trainings, those officials wore Jeonrip decorated with Sangmo on their head and wore Cheolrik and Jeonbok. During Tamseung, they wore Jeonrip decorated with Sangmo on their head and wore Jeonbok with Jungchimak or a set of Jeogori and Baji.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

This study is a review of Ipsik, the decorative ornaments found on traditional Korean horsehair hats, known as Ipja, which were worn by men in the late Joseon Dynasty. In a broad sense, Ipsik are regarded as men's accessories. Therefore, although this study is limited to Ipja, it is significant in the sense that it delves into one facet of men's accessories in detail. Because the appearance of the horsehair hats was rather mundane, Ipsik and Ibyeong were added as ornaments. During the Joseon period, various types of hat ornaments existed, named Maeksu, Hosu, Gongjagu, Sangmo, Jingdori, Ijeon, Guyeongja and Ibyeong. A person's social ranking and class could be discerned by the materials used in the Ipsik he wore. Jeongja, a decorative accessory used to attach to an official's hat, was institutionalized in the sixteenth year of King Gongmin's reign(1367), during the Goryeo Dynasty, prior to the founding of China's Ming Dynasty in 1368, which indicates that Jeongja were influenced by the Yuan Dynasty. A record in Lao Chi'ta (a textbook of spoken Chinese estimated circa 1346) confirms this fact. Based on a review of literature, we learn that just as with Ongno, Jeongja were imported for use on Jeonrip, a soldier's hat. During the Ching Dynasty, Jeongja were further subdivided and more exquisitely designed. On the other hand, in the Joseon Dynasty, a rule was handed down mandating that a royal prince use gold for his jeongja, officials at third rank or above use silver, and governors, commanders in chief, and officials with the Office of Inspector General and Office of Censor General use jade. Inspectors were permitted to use crystal. Jeongja made of jade were used until the late Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 2005

Construction of the Virtual Observatory (VO) is a great concern to the astronomical community in the 21st century. We present an outline of the concept and necessity of the va and the current status of various VO projects including the 15 national ones and the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). We summarize the possible science cases that could be solved by using the VO data/tools, real science cases which are the results of using current VO tools, and our own work of using AstroGrid, the United Kingdom national VO, for a research on star formation history of galaxies.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.26.1-26.1
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• 2004

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.703-709
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• 2002

In the present paper, approximate coordinate transformations for simulation of turbulent flows with wall deformation, significantly reducing computational cost with little degradation in numerical accuracy, are presented. The Wavier-Stokes equations are coordinate-transformed with an approximation of Tailor-series truncation. The performance is evaluated by performing numerical simulations of a channel flow at Re$\sub$$\tau$/ = 140 with active wall motions of η$\sub$m/$\^$+/ $\leq$5. The approximate transformations provide flow structures as well as turbulence statistics in good agreement with those from a complete transformation [Phys. Fluids 12, 3301 (2000) ] and allow 25-30% savings in the CPU time as compared to the complete one.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1869-1879
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• 2004

The present study has numerically investigated two-dimensional flow over three circular cylinders in an equidistant side-by-side arrangement at a low Reynolds number. For the study, numerical simulations are performed, using the immersed boundary method, in the range of g* < 5 at Re= 100, where g* is the spacing between two adjacent cylinder surfaces divided by the cylinder diameter. Results show that the flow characteristics significantly depend on the gap spacing and a total of five kinds of wake patterns are observed over the range: modulation-synchronized (g* (equation omitted) 2), inphase-synchronized (g* (equation omitted) 1.5) , flip-flopping (0.3 < g* (equation omitted) 1.2) , deflected (g* (equation omitted) 0.3), and single bluff-body patterns (g* < 0.3). Moreover, the parallel and symmetric modes are also observed depending on g* in the regime of the flip-flopping pattern. The corresponding flow fields and statistics are presented to verify the observations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.188.2-188.2
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• 2014

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is usually used to grow high-quality large area graphene. In the CVD process, copper is an especially important catalytic-substrate due to the fact that graphene films grown on Cu foils are predominantly one monolayer thick. In this study, we has grown graphene on several types of copper substrates: Cu foils and copper single crystal surfaces such as Cu(100) and Cu(111) are chosen. To investigate the differences between graphene grown on foils and single crystals, we use Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Details of the experimental results will be presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.141-145
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• 2014

A minimally appropriate time delay of audio data processing is investigated for rendering virtual sound source direction in real-time head-tracking environment under headphone listening. Less than 3.7 degree of angular mismatch should be maintained in order to keep desired sound source directions in virtually fixed while listeners are rotating their head in a horizontal plane. The angular mismatch is proportional to speed of head rotation and data processing delay. For 20 degree/s head rotation, which is a relatively slow head-movement case, less than total of 63ms data processing delay should be considered.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.112-115
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• 2017

ITO thin films were grown on the glass substrate under various oxygen gas flow and substrate temperature by using FTS (Facing Target Sputtering) system. To investigate properties of as-prepared films for transparent electrical devices, we employed four-point probe, UV-VIS spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Hall Effect measurement system and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). As a results, all of prepared samples has high transmittance of over 80 % in the visible range (300-800 nm). Their resistivity increased as a function of oxygen gas flow and substrate temperature due to their crystal structure and oxygen defect in the films. As-prepared films have a resistivity of under $10^{-4}({\Omega}-cm)$.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.30-34
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• 2016

We investigated magnetic field, discharged voltage, and as-deposited film uniformity at facing targets sputtering (FTS) system with magnetic field type: i) concentrated and ii) distributed magnetic field type. And Al doped ZnO (AZO) films were prepared at two magnetic field type such as concentrated magnetic field type and distributed magnetic field type, respectively. Discharge voltage at the distribution type is lower than concentration type due to low magnetic flux (middle magnetic flux: Concentration 1200 G and Distribution 600 G). The films deposited at the distributed magnetic field were more uniform than concentration type. All of prepared AZO films had a resistivity of under $10^{-4}[{\Omega}{\cdot}cm]$ and a transmittance of more than 85 % in the visible range.