• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2006

재조합 생물의약품 생산시, 오염물질의 유래는 외인성(외래성 바이러스, 마이코플라즈마, 미생물) 및 내인성(생산세포주 유래 단백질) 두 가지의 일반적인 가능성으로 존재한다. 이 중 생산세포주 유래의 불순 단백질은 환자에게 면역이상반응을 일으킬 수 있어 제품의 안정성과 사용자의 안전상의 문제가 될 수 있다. 따라서 이들 단백질의 오염 여부를 검출하는 방법의 개발이 요구된다. 상용화된 분석제품들은 일반적인 생산세포주 유래 단백질에 대한 분석은 가능하지만, 생산 방법이나 재조합 된 세포의 특성에 따라 달라질 수 있는 고유한 생산세포주 유래 단백질에 대한 분석은 적합하지 못하다. 본 연구에서는 재조합 항체의약품 생산과 정제과정에서 목적단백질의 생산 유전자를 지니지 않는 null cell mock 배양에 의해 생산세포주 유래 모든 단백질을 얻어 이에 대한 다클론항체를 제작하여 면역학적 반응을 이용하여 생산세포주 유래 단백질을 정량 할 수 있는 ELISA 방법을 개발하였다. 생산세포주 유래 단백질에 대한 다클론항체는 rabbit에서 얻었으며, 이 중 생산세포주 유래 단백질에 특이적인 항체만을 정제하였다. 또한 direct sandwich ELISA 방법 개발을 위해 항체에 발색효소(HRP)를 표지하였다. 이렇게 만들어진 항체를 이용하여 정성분석을 위한 Western blot과 정량분석을 위한 ELISA 방법을 개발하여 목적단백질의 정제과정 내에서 생산세포주 유래 단백질이 제거되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 개발된 ELISA 방법은 ICH 규정에 따라 validation을 실시한 결과 되어 객관적 검증을 받은 결과, 특이성, 직선성, 정확성, 정밀성의 기준을 만족하며 검출한도가 10.8 ppm인 방법임을 확인하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.299-307
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• 1992

뇌 유구낭미충증 진단에는 영상진단을 가장 널리 이용하고 있으나 낭미충증의 영상진단은 감염충체수, 감염경과 기간, 감염위치 및 포도낭미충 존재여부 등에 따라 소견이 매우 다양하므로 감별진단에 도움이 되는 혈청학적 진단이 요구된다. 이때에 이용하는 혈청학적 진단 방법은 특이항체를 혈청이나 뇌척수액에서 증명하는 것이나 몇 가지 경우에 위음성 반응을 나타내어 민감도가 낮은 결점이 있다. 민감도가 낮은 경우를 해결하는 방법으로시, 또 기생충에서 유래하는 특이항원을 측정함으로써 항체측정 때 나타나는 교차반응을 최소화하고, 충체검 출에 준하는 진단방법으로서 유구낭미충 특이항원을 환자 혈청 및 뇌척수액에서 측정하는 연구를 시도하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 유구낭미층중 환자에서 이중항체-효소면역 측정 법을 실시하여 유구낭미충의 낭액 항원의 구성 단백질을 측정하였다. 항원반응용 항체로는 낭액으로 감작시킨 토끼혈청과, 낭액을 구성하는 단백질중 150 kDa 에만 반응하는 단클론항체를 이용하였다. 이중항체-효소면역측정 법으로는 150 kDa단백질을 8ng/ml까지 측정할 수 있었고, 61ng/m1 이상에서는 농도에 따른 흡광도 차이가 적었다. 이 방법으로 스파르가눔, 간흡충, 폐흡충, 요꼬가와흡충, 간질, 고래회충 제 3기유충 및 선모충 등의 생리식염수 추출액을 검색한 바 모두 음성반응이어서 특이도가 높다고 판단하였다. 뇌 유구낭미충증으로 진단한 환자 255명의 혈청 351개를 측정한 바 측정 가능범위 에 미치지 못하여 모두 음성이었다. 환자 212명에서 얻은 뇌척수액 276개 중 31개 (11.2%)는 양성이었다. 이와 같이 민감도가 낮아 항인측정법은 진단용으로 이용하기 어렵다고 생각하였다. 뇌척수액에서 150kDa단백질이 증 멸된 환자는 프라지관텐 치료 후 2일이 경과한 경우, 그리고 약제치료에도 불구하고 임상결과가 불량하여 결국 외과적으로 충체를 제거한 바 낭벽이 초점 성으로 변성된 포도낭미충에 감염되었던 환자의 뇌척수액에서 불규칙하게, 양적으로는 일정하지 않게 출현하였다. 150kDa 단백질은 뇌 낭종성 병변에서 채취한 낭미충 낭액에서도 측점할 수 있었다. 그리고 150kDa단백질의 농도가 61 ng/ml이상인 뇌척수액이나 외과적으로 얻은 낭액으로 SDS-폴리아크릴아미드 전기영동을 실시하여 150kDa 단백질의 subunit인 15, 10, 7kDa를 증명할 수 있었다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2000

본 연구는 각막상피가 저절로 탈락해 나가는 과정을 이해하기 위해 사람의 각막상피 세포를 배양하여 배지의 영양이 고갈될 때까지 약 7일 정도 배지를 교환하지 않고 계속 배양하여 세포고사를 조사하였다. 영양이 고갈된 배지인 Exhausted Medium을 여과하여 새로운 각막 상피세포에 넣어 2일 정도 배양을 계속하였다. Exhausted Medium에서 배양된 세포를 수확하여 세포고사를 검정하기 위해 Agarose gel electrophoresis로 DNA 단편을 확인하고 세포고사를 초기에 감지할 수 있는 방법인 M30 $CytoDEATH^*$. Fluorescein으로 확인하였다. 또한 Exhausted Medium에 의한 세포고사의 유발 경로를 조사하기 위해 사이토카인에 의한 유도인자 중 가장 많이 알려진 FAS나 FAS Ligand에 의한 유발여부를 soluble FAS and FAS Ligand에 대한 sandwich ELISA로 조사하였다. 그 결과 전형적인 DNA Ladder패턴을 보였으며 M30 $CytoDEATH^*$. Fluorescein에도 선명하게 염색되어 세포고사를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 soluble FAS and FAS Ligand ELISA Kit로 Exhausted Medium이 FAS와 관련이 있는지를 조사한 결과 거의 무관한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 영양 부족상태의 배지는 각막상피 세포가 세포고사를 거쳐 소모되는데 FAS and FAS Ligand system과는 무관한 것으로 나타났다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.326-330
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• 2010

2009년 가을, 배 주산단지인 나주, 울산, 안성의 3개 지역에서 신고, 원황, 추황 품종을 대상으로 배 바이러스병 발생률을 ELISA와 RT-PCR로 조사한 결과 ELISA 검정은 ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV 3종 바이러스가 검출되어 35.2%의 발생률을 보였다. RT-PCR 검정은 ELISA 검정 보다는 적은 시료로 검정을 수행하였지만 ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV 3종 바이러스가 검출되었고 86.3%의 높은 발생률을 보였다. ELISA와 RT-PCR 진단 모두 ASGV > ASPV > ACLSV 순으로 ASGV의 발생률이 높게 나타났지만 발생률에는 ELISA 22.1%, RT-PCR 74.2%로 큰 차이가 있었다. 따라서 배 바이러스 검정은 ELISA 방법 보다 RT-PCR 방법이 바이러스 검출에 적합하다. ASGV가 감염된 신고 잎에서는 부정형의 검은점 증상이 보였으며 ASPV와 ACLSV가 감염된 식물체에서는 별다른 이상증상은 보이지 않았다. RT-PCR로 증폭된 ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV 유전자는 기존에 보고된 바이러스와 83~94%의 상동을 보였고, 특히, ASPV는 국내에서 처음으로 발생이 확인되었다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.151-161
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• 1986

In order to develop sensitive and sepcific assay methods for E. coli heat labile enterotoxin(LT) hybridoma cell lines secreting LT specific monoclonal antibody were obtained. LT was purified from cell lysate of E. coli O15H11. The steps included disruption of bacteria by French pressure, DEAE Sephacel ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G200 gel filtration, and second DEAE Sephacel ion exchange chromatography, successively. Spleen cells from Balb/c mice immunized with the purified LT and $HGPRT^{(-)}$ plasmacytomas, $P3{\times}63Ag8.V653$ were mixed and fused by 50% (w/v) PEG. Hybrid cells were grown in 308 wells out of 360 wells, and 13 wells out of them secreted antibodies reacting to LT. Among these hybridoma cell 1G8-1D1 cell line was selected since it had produced high-titered monoclonal antibody continuously. By using culture supernatant and ascites from 1G8-1D1 cells the monoclonal antibody was characterized, and an assay system for detecting enterotoxigenic E. coli was established by double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The following results were obtained. 1. Antibody titers of culture supernatant and ascites from 1G8-1D1 hybridoma cells were 512, and 102, 400, respectively by GM1-ELISA and its immunoglobulin class was IgM. 2. The maximum absorption ratio of 1G8-1D1 cell culture supernatant to LT was 90% at $300\;{\mu}g/ml$ of LT concentration. LT concentration shown at 50% absorption ratio was $103.45{\mu}g$ and the absorption ratio was decreased with tile reduction of LT concentration. This result suggests that monoclonal antibody from 1G8-1D1 hybridoma cell bound with LT specifically. 3. The reactivities of 1G8-1D1 cell culture supernatant to LT and V. cholerae enterotoxin(CT) were 0.886 and 0.142(O.D. at 492nm) measured by the GM1-ELISA, indicating 1G8-1D1 monoclonal antibody reacted specifically with LT but not with CT. 4. The addition of 0.1ml of ascites to 0.6mg and 0.12mg of LT decreased the vascular permeability factor to 41% and 44% respectively, but it did not completely neutralize LT. 5. By double sandwich ELISA using monoclonal antibody, as little as 75ng of the purified LT per ml could be detected. 6. The results by assay of detecting LT in culture supernatants of 14 wild strains E. coli isolated from diarrhea patients by the double sandwich ELISA were almost the same level as those by reverse passive latex agglutination.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2003

In order to fabricate new sustained delivery device of nerve growth factor (NGF), we developed NGF-loaded biodegradable poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, the mole ratio of lactide to glycolide 75:25, molecular weight: 83,000 and 43,000 g/mole, respectively) film by novel and simple sandwich solvent casting method for the possibility of the application of neural tissue engineering. PLGA was copolymerized by direct condensation reaction and the molecular weight was controlled by reaction time. Released behavior of NGF from NGF-loaded films was characterized by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and degradation characteristics were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The bioactivity of released NGF was identified using a rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cell based bioassay. The release of NGF from the NGF-loaded PLGA films was prolonged over 35 days with zero-order rate of 0.5-0.8 ng NGF/day without initial burst and could be controlled by the variations of molecular weight and NGF loading amount. After 7 days NGF released in phosphate buffered saline and PC-12 cell cultured on the NGF-loaded PLGA film for 3 days. The released NGF stimulated neurite sprouting in cultured PC-12 cells, that is to say, the remained NGF in the NGF/PLGA film at 37 $^{\circ}C$ for 7 days was still bioactive. This study suggested that NGF-loaded PLGA sandwich film is released the desired period in delivery system and useful neuronal growth culture as nerve contact guidance tube for the application of neural tissue engineering.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.320-328
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• 2016

Purpose: Human saliva, as a vital part of the immune defense system, contains a number of distinct proteins and peptides. Recently human common salivary protein 1 (CSP1) has been identified as an abundant salivary protein and may play a role in promoting the binding of cariogenic bacteria to salivary pellicles. However, nothing else is known regarding the role of CSP1 in periodontology. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare CSP1 levels between healthy subjects and periodontal patients. Methods: This controlled clinical study was conducted in periodontally healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis Chonbuk National University Hospital, with Institutional Review Board approval. Whole saliva samples were collected from 36 healthy subjects and 33 chronic periodontitis patients and analyzed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immune blotting were conducted to ensure that anti-CSP1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) binds to CSP1 in human saliva. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system was house-fabricated using mAb-hCSP1#14 and mAb-hCSP1#4 as a capture and a detector mAb, respectively. The CSP1 concentrations in saliva from 36 healthy subjects and 33 periodontal patients were quantified using the CSP1 sandwich ELISA system, and the results were analyzed using the Student's t-test. Results: Immunoblot analysis using mAb-hCSP1 as a probe confirmed that CSP1 in human saliva existed as a single band with a molecular weight of approximately 27-kDa. The quantification of CSP1 concentrations by CSP1 ELISA showed that the median values (25th to 75th percentiles) of periodontal patients and healthy subjects were 9,474 ng/mL (range, 8,434.10,139 ng/mL) and 8,598 ng/mL (range, 7,421.9,877 ng/mL), respectively. The Student's t-test indicated the presence of a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0.024). Conclusions: The presence of a significant difference in CSP1 levels between healthy subjects and periodontal patients suggests that CSP1 may be a potential biomarker for the detection or screening of periodontitis patients.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.315-327
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• 1995

Diverse neurotoxic insults result in proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes, a subtype of glia in central nervous system. The hallmark of this response, often terms "reactive gliosis", is the enhanced expression of the major intermediate filament protein of castrocytes, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). These changes in the astrocytes suggest that GFAP may be a useful biochemical indicator of neurotoxicity. To investigate this possibility, we administered intra-peritoneally prototype nerotoxicants, metharnphetamine (MAP, 5 mg/kg), cocaine (30 mg/kg), N-buthyl benzenesulfonamide (NBBS, 300 mg/kg) and trimethytin (TMT, 8 mg/kg) to Wistar Rats and then assessed the effects of these agents on content of GFAP, which were determined by Sandwish ELISA and evaluated with neurotoxic symptoms, and quantitative changes of imrnunoreactivity of GFAP by light microscopic image analysis in specific regions. We found that assay of GFAP revealed time- and region-dependant patterns of neurotoxicity. The GFAP immunoreactivity of rat brain was increased in substantia nigra and hippocampus by MAP, NBBS and TMT; in roedial septal nucleus and nucleus accurnbens, it was also increased by RrBBS. Sandwich ELISA showed that GFAP levels of cerebrum in all groups on days 3 and 7 and that of brainstem(including cerebellum) in MAP, NBBS groups on day 1 and 3 were increased. A review of the background, design and results of these experiments are presented in this paper. Our findings indicate that GFAP is a sensitive and specific biomarker of neurotoxicity.otoxicity.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2015

Sweet cherry is an important fruit crop with increasing economical value in Turkey and the world. A number of viruses cause diseases and economical losses in sweet cherry. Prune dwarf virus (PDV), is one of the most common viruses of stone fruits including sweet cherry in the world. In this study, PDV was detected from 316 of 521 sweet cherry samples collected from 142 orchards in 10 districts of Isparta province of Turkey by double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The presence of PDV in ELISA positive samples was confirmed in 37 isolates by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. A genomic region of 862 bp containing the coat protein (CP) gene of PDV was re-amplified from 21 selected isolates by RT-PCR. Amplified DNA fragments of these isolates were purified and sequenced for molecular characterization and determining genetic diversity of PDV. Sequence comparisons showed 84-99% to 81-100% sequence identity at nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively, of the CP genes of PDV isolates from Isparta and other parts of the world. Phylogenetic analyses of the CP genes of PDV isolates from different geographical origins and diverse hosts revealed that PDV isolates formed different phylogenetic groups. While isolates were not grouped solely based on their geographical origins or hosts, some association between phylogenetic groups and geographical origins or hosts were observed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.623-630
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• 2017

Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) is a strong target antigen for the determination of infection with Plasmodium species specifically. However, a more effective antibody is needed because of the low sensitivity of the current antibody in many immunological diagnostic assays. In this study, recombinant Plasmodium vivax LDH (PvLDH) was experimentally constructed and expressed as a native antigen to develop an effective P. vivax-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). Two mAbs (2CF5 and 1G10) were tested using ELISA and immunofluorescence assays (IFA), as both demonstrated reactivity against pLDH antigen. Of the 2 antibodies, 2CF5 was not able to detect P. falciparum, suggesting that it might possess P. vivax-specificity. The detection limit for a pair of 2 mAbs-linked sandwich ELISA was 31.3 ng/ml of the recombinant antigen. The P. vivax-specific performance of mAbs-linked ELISA was confirmed by in vitro-cultured P. falciparum and P. vivax-infected patient blood samples. In conclusion, the 2 new antibodies possessed the potential to detect P. vivax and will be useful in immunoassay.