• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2019

We determined the contents of 11 biogenic amines in 20 types of cabbage kimchi, 10 types of fish sauce, and 40 types of salted fish purchased from small- and medium-sized grocery stores in Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea, from June to October 2017. The content of each of the biogenic amines in the various types of cabbage kimchi was slightly lower than that in detection amounts of each of the 10 types of biogenic amines and the values reported by Joe et al. The histamine content of all five types of anchovy sauce was lower than the limit set by the European Union (400 mg/kg), but that of three of the five types of sand lance sauce was higher. Analyzing the ratios of the contents of five highly toxic biogenic amines to those of the 11 biogenic amines yielded no quantitative correlation. The estimated daily intake of the five highly toxic biogenic amines in cabbage-kimchi and fermented fish was ${\leq}6mg$.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2014

This study is executed to develop probiotics which produce S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), a methyl group donor of the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate methylation reaction within the animal cell. SAM is an essential substance for the synthesis, activation, and metabolism of hormones, neurotransmitters, nucleic acids, phospholipids, and cell membranes of animals. The SAM is also known as a nutritional supplement to improve brain functions of the human. In this study, the SAM-producing strains are identified in 18 types of salted fish, and then, the strains with excellent SAM productions are being identified, with 1 strain in the Enterococcus genus and 9 strains in the Bacillus genus. Strains with a large amount of SAM production include the lactic acid bacteria such as En. faecium and En. durans, En. sanguinicola, as well as various strains in the Bacillus genus. The SAM-overproducing strains show antibacterial activities with certain harmful microbes in addition to the weak acid resistances and strong bile resistances, indicating characteristics of probiotics. It is possible that the jeotgal-originated beneficial strains with overproducing SAM can be commercially utilized in order to manufacture SAM enriched foods.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.584-591
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• 2014

반염건 민어는 특유의 육조직, 맛 및 영양가가 우수하여 국내에서 아주 선호되고 있는 수산가공품 중의 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 전통수산가공품의 하나인 반염건 민어를 지역명품으로 개발하기 위한 기초 자료로서 시판 반염건 민어의 위생학적 특성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 시판 반염건 민어의 생균수 및 대장균은 각각 4.2~8.3 log(CFU/g) 및 18>~4.6 log(MPN/100 g)이었다. 또한 시판 반염건 민어의 수분 함량은 64.2~77.1% 범위, 염도는 2.1~9.5% 범위, 휘발성염기질소 함량은 14.1~58.1 mg/100 g 범위, 과산화물값은 19.1~107.2 meq/kg 범위였다. 이상의 반염건 민어에 대한 미생물학적 및 화학적 결과에 의하면 지역 명품 반염건 민어를 가공 및 유통하기 위해서는 반드시 적절한 품질 규격[원료는 모두 국산, 수분 함량은 65% 이하, 염도는 2~3% 범위, 휘발성염기질소 함량 50 mg% 이하, 생균수 및 대장균은 각각 6 log(CFU/g) 이하 및 음성]이 있어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.35.2-72
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• 1990

N-Nitrosamines have been known to be strong carcinogens and are formed by the reaction of nitrous acid with amines. In this experiment the changes in the contents of nitrate nitrite trimethylaminoxide(TMAO) trimethylamine(TMA) and dimethylamine(DMA) during femen-tation of damsel fish were analyzed periodically and N-nitrosamines in a commercial products. N-Nitrosamines were determined by mineral oil distillation methods using gas chromatography-thermal energy anlyzer(GC-TEA) in a commerical product. Nitrate nitrite and amines were quantitate by colorimetric methods. Level of nitrate-N were gradually decreased but nitrite-n was not detected or trace. Contents of dimethlamine(DMA) and trimethlamine were mar-kedly increased while trimethylaminoxide nitrogen was decreased during the fermentation of damsel fish. The change of pH was in the ranges of 5,5-7.0 during fermentation of salted damsel fish. It was out of the optimum pH(3.0-3.4) for the formation of nitrosamine. N-Nitrosamines were not detected in salt-fermented damsel fist but much N-nitrosodimethyla-mine(NDMA) could be detected in salt-fermented damsel fish after adding 0.05M NaNo2 in the acidic condition. The identifaction of NDMA in it was confirmed by mass spectrophotometry. Nitrate decrea-sed during the fermentation of damsel fish. however nitrite was trace level and nitrosamines were not formed in its. This could be supposed that it was due to the rapid consumption of nitrite by amino acid and bacteria.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.371-382
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• 1986

Eh-jang (fermented aquatic products) of Asia can be classified 4 groups, those are Chot-kal (salted fish guts), Chot-kal Paste, Eh-ganjang (fish sauce) and Shic-hae (lactic acid fermented fish products). The native place of Eh-jang and rice culture is almost same and Eh-jang had been spread out all the area of Asia along with rice culture. Korea has variety of Chot-gal and consumes much Chot-gal that Korea is the culture area of both soybean sauce and Chot-gal. Eh-ganjang had been edible all area of Korea during Chosun Dynasty, but it remains only Southern part of Korea. Korean Chot-gal paste is produced as a form of Kon-chang-yi-chot. Korean Shic-hae had been edible all area of Korea during Chosun Dynasty, but remains at the east coast and some area of Hwang-hae Do and Kyung-sang-nam-do.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.200-214
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• 2020

The traditional Korean fermented fish products are classified into mainly three groups; Jeot-gal, Aek-jeot, and Sik-hae. Jeot-gal is a salt-fermented fish. Aek-jeot (Eoganjang) is actually a liquid part of Jeot-gal. Sik-hae is a salt-fermented whole or part fisheries with adjuncts. The production of jeot-gal products has been increased constantly. However, there is not enough fishery for raw materials. Recently, consumers have been preferred low-salted foods because they have become aware that high levels of salt cause adult diseases such as hypertension or gastric cancers. The main consumers of jeot-gal are adults above 40~50 years old. Young generation and school nutrition teachers dislike fishery products because of distinct fish smell, small bone, as well as food safety. Therefore, in order to increase the consumption of jeot-gal and extend its industry, jeot-gal should be developed to match the preference of new generation with good safety, health-oriented, and new concept.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.142-156
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• 2012

This study examined the food culture of Koreans aged over 80-years-old living in the areas of Goorye and Gokseong. The research method was based on examination of individual cases through in-depth interviews. The total number of survey subjects was 38; males constituted 34 percent of the subjects while females constituted 66 percent of the subjects. Average age of male subjects was 85.3 years while average age of females was 84.8 years. The results were summarized in the following properties of the typical and traditional Korean table, which was the most common food life's property in the longevity area of was centered around rice, watery soup, vegetables, and fish. The first, as the supply step's property of food ingredients, various spices and ingredients such as piperitum, tumeric, ginger, garlic, chili pepper, and salted fish were used. Senior persons also supplied fresh vegetables at the kitchen garden, and they led a nature-friendly food life. The second, as the production of food and cooking of food step's property, there were multigrain rice and fermented foods such as soybean paste, kimchi, red pepper paste, salted fish, vegetables picked in soy sauce, etc. The recipe was cookery intermediated with water, soup, steamed vegetables, seasonings, etc., and it was characterized by a deep and rich taste due to the various spices and rich ingredients. The third, as the consumption of food step's property, senior persons regularly ate a balanced diet three times a day. They also had active personal relationships with their neighbors by sharing food, which increased their sense of belonging and improved their life satisfaction.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.703-719
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to analyze the consumption patterns of animal foods during the sixteenth century through Shamirok. There were eleven animal foods : beef, pork, chicken, pheasant, deer, roe, lamb, bear, fox, sparrow, and horse. The most frequently consumed were in the order of pheasant, doe, and chicken. There were 44 fish consumed, including flatfish, hairtail, mackerel, flounder, kumlin fish, bass, null fish, codfish, and red snapper, as well as four mollusks and six shellfish. Eggs and fish egg were also consumed. These foods were cooked as Tang(湯), Gui(灸), Po(脯), Hoe(膾), and Sookyook(熟肉), or processed after being dried or salted. The animal foods were mostly consumed as Po and Tang in daily eating and for formal dishes. Fish were mostly consumed as Jockgal or Shikhae. The foods were primarily acquired by donation from local officials or relatives ; secondly by independent poultry farming, fishing, or hunting, along with the production of grain and thirdly through barter with rice and textiles. Food were sometimes traded for profit, but such acts of trading while living ; as wartime refugees was a meager means for living.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2007

감잎, 곽향, 초피의 추출물을 고등어의 절임과정에 이용하여 저장기간 동안 간고등어의 기능성에 관하여 실험하였다. $4^{\circ}C$의 저장한 절임고등어의 명도(L.), 적색도(a), 황색도(b)는 절임 방법과 저장기간에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 생선의 안쪽 배부분의 명도(L) 값은 저장기간이 길어질수록 증가하였다. 적색도(a)값은 생선 껍질 부분보다 생선 속살 부분에서 증가폭이 더 컸다. $25^{\circ}C$에서 저장기간 동안 간고등어의 색도의 변화는 생선 안쪽의 배부분은 모든군에서 명도(L)값이 뚜렷히 증가하였다. 저장기간이 길어질수록 모든 군에서 적색도(a) 값은 증가하였고, 대조군이 각 추출물에 절인 고등어군보다 높은 적색도(a) 값을 나타내었다. 저장기간 동안 각 추출물에 절인 간고등어의 물성변화는 $4^{\circ}C$의 간고등어에서 각 추출물에 절인 고등어군이 대조군보다 높은 점착성을 나타내었으며, 다른 군에 비해 초피 추출물에 절인 고등어가 $4^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$의 간고등어에서 높은 점착성을 나타내었다. 경도 변화는 모든 군에서 저장기간이 길어질수록 경도는 떨어짐을 보였다. 각 추출물로 절인 간고등어의 색과 맛의 변화는 초피추출물에 절인 고등어가 감잎추출물에 절인 고등어와 곽향 추출물에 절인 고등어에 비해 관능적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 냄새의 변화는 감잎 추출물에 절인 고등어가 낮은 점수를 나타낸 반면 대조구와 각 추출물에 절인 고등어군은 비슷한 점수를 나타내었으며, 질감은 모든 군에서 비슷한 점수를 보였다. 전체적인 선호도는 초피 추출물에 절인 고등어가 가장 높은 점수를 나타내어 관능적으로 가장 우수하였으며, 곽향, 감잎 추출물 처리한 절인 고등어 순으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.487-493
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• 1995

김치 담금시 재료의 배합비와 숙성시 특성 측정을 위해 서울과 충청도에서 조사된 김장김치의 종류는 배추김치, 깍두기, 총각김치, 나박김치, 동치미, 보쌈김치, 백김치 등이었고 이 중 배추김치담금에 사용하는 주, 부재료는 약 20-25종류였으며 젓갈 및 어패류 의 사용이 많았다. 배합비는 배추 71.9%$\pm$7.7, 무채 11%, 파 2.3-2.6%, 마늘 1.3-1.6%, 고추가루 2.7-3.2% 그리고 젓갈 3.9~4.2% 등이었다. 봄김치는 배추김치, 깍두기, 총각김치와 열무김치, 오이김치 등을 담았으며 배추김치에 김장김치의 갓 및 굴, 새우 등 어패류 대신에 부추, 생홍고추, 양파 등 신선한 계절야채르르 많이 사용하였다. 양념류는 김장김치에 비해 젓갈은 다소 적고 그 외 사용비는 비슷하였으며 나박김치, 열무김치 등 국물김치에서 건더기와 물의 비는 약 40:48을 이루었다. 또한 배추김치의 최적 숙성은 pH 4.2~4.5, 총산도 0.5~0.8% lactic acid 범위였고 선호하는 염도는 김장김치류 2.3~2.74%, 봄김치류 1.8~2.4% 범위였으며 국물김치는 1.3~1.7%의 낮은 염도를 보였다.