• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1981

Total 984 specimens were collected from sweages(130 specimens) and human rectal swabs(854 specimens) during period from October 1979 to November 1980 in Korea. Sixteen strains of salmonella were isolated from the human rectal swabs at the St. Mary's Hospital in Dae Jeon. They were confirmed into fifteen strains of S. typhi, one strain of S. paratyphi A. In other hand, fourty three strains of Shigella had been isolated from the stool specimens. They were typed as thirty four strains of Shigella flexneri, five strains of Shigella sonnei and one strain of Shigella dysenteriae. However, 16 strains of Vibrio eltor had been isolated from patients and carriers in the first epidemic areas in Chunla Namdo in September 1980. The serotype of isolated strains was determined as a Inaba which was resistant to the Mukerjee phage group IV but was susceptible to El Tor phage groupe I and II. Authors had been concluded that the strains were certain to be identified with Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1968

Shigella antibodies in 50 sera from healthy persons and 110 sera from patients with diarrhea were tested using microdetermination of the indirect bacterial hemagglutination with the polyvalent antigen, and the following results were obtained. A survey of sera collected from healthy persons revealed that 4% had positive titers, 1:64 or above, to Shig. flexneri, Shig. dysenteriae, and Shig. boydii, respectively, whereas all subjects were negative for Shig. sonnei, less than 1:64. Namely, 6 cases among the 50 subjects were positive. Among the patients with diarrhea, positive antibody titers were demonstrated in 29.9% against Shig. flexneri, 11.9% against Shig. boydii, 7.2% against Shig. dysenteriae, and 6.4% aginst Shig. sonnei, respectively. Therfoe, the total positive cases were 55.4% among 110 subjects. No correlation between Shigella and Salmonella antibody titers among patients with dirrhea was found.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.233-238
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• 2012

Diarrheal diseases constitute one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children globally. One of the main microorganisms causing diarrheal diseases is Campylobacter jejuni. For treatment of these diseases, Portulaca oleracea has been widely used as a folk remedy for a long time. This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of P. oleracea against gastroenteritis pathogens including C. jejuni. P. oleracea was extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate, methanol, and hot water. The antimicrobial activity of the P. oleracea extracts was determined using the paper disc method, minimum inhibitory concentration, and the liquid culture method. The 10 $mg/m{\ell}$ ethylacetate extract showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteriditis, and Shigella spp.. The hot water extract from P. oleracea showed the highest anti-microbial activity against C. jejuni at 10~20 $mg/m{\ell}$. The hot water extract of P. oleracea retarded the growth of C. jejuni for 36 hr at $42^{\circ}C$.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.1 s.85
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• pp.40-46
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of the Citrus unshiu Markovich extracts against food-borne pathogens. First, the Citrus unshiu Markovich was extracted with methanol at room temperature, and fractionation of the methanol extracts from Citrus unshiu Markovich was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of the Citrus unshiu Markovich extracts was determined using the paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The ethyl acetate extracts of Citrus unshiu Markovich showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Shigella sonnei. A synergistic effect was found in combined extracts of Citrus unshiu Markovich and Hedyotis diffusa Willd as compared to each extract alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curve was determined using ethyl acetate extracts of Citrus unshiu Markovich against Bacillus cereus and Shigella sonnei. The ethyl acetate extract of Citrus unshiu Markovich showed strong antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus at the concentration of 5,000 ppm. The 5,000 ppm of ethyl acetate extract from Citrus unshiu Markovich retarded the growth of Bacillus cereus more than 24 hours and Shigella sonnei up to 24 hours. The ethyl acetate extracts of Citrus unshiu Markovich have shown an antimicrobial effect against Bacillus cereus and Shigella sonnei.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1974

During March to October 1973 at National Medical Center, one thousand four hundred sixty four pathogens that exclude penicillin sensitive organisms such as gonococcus, pneumococcus, streptococcus; ampicillin sensitive H. influenzae and gentamicin sensitive pseudomonas spp, were isolated. These strains identified as follows: Sta. aureus 399 E. coli 359 Sta. epidermidis 183 Klebsiella spp 171 Proteus spp 103 B. anitratum 80 Salmonella spp 68 Enterococcus 53 Shigella spp 48 In general, Sta. epidermidis is regarded as nonpathogen, however, author included pure culture of this bacteria in this study. 1. High susceptibility to staphylococcus reveals cephalosporin, methicillin, gentamicin & leucomycin. 2. Ampicillin is only one susceptible antibiotic to Enterococcus. 3. Cephalosporin and gentamicin reveal susceptible antibiotics to E. coli. 4. Gentamicin is only one susceptible antibiotic to Klebsiella spp. 5. Gentamicin & carbenicillin reveal moderately susceptible antibiotics to Proteus spp. 6. There is no susceptible antibiotic to B. anitratum. 7. About thirty percent strains of salmonella are resistant to chloramphenicol. 8. Carbenicillin, cephalosporin & gentamicin reveal susceptible to shigella spp. 9. Multiple resistant rate to more than two antibiotics which includes tetracycline are as follows. Sta. aureus 56.5% E. coli. 80.9% Shigella spp 93.8%

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.417-422
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• 1986

The specimens were collected from 89 diarrheal patients who had visited Pusan National University Hospital from June to September 1985. They were cultured and tested for the bacteriological identification of causative agents. In this study we identified 5 strains of Salmonella species, 5 strains of Shigella species, 2 strains of Y. enterocolitica, and 17 strains of enteric pathogenic E. coli. Enteric pathogenic E. coli were classified into enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, and enteroinvasive E. coli by serological type. We tried to isolate V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus too but we cannot find them out.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.58-65
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• 2000

Diarrheal diseases are a major cause of both illness and death in developing countries and are caused by rotavirus, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and Vibrio spp. In this study, for the development of vaccine against diarrheal diseases caused by Shigella sonei, Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli O157, and Vibrio cholerae, cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of genes and characteristics of their gene products in E. coli were performed. For construction of attenuated strain of S. sonnei KNIH104 and Salmonella typhimurium KNIH100, the aroA genes were cloned, respectively. The recombinant plasmid $_pJP{\Delta}A45$ containing aroA deleted region and suicide vector $(_pJP5603)$ was constructed. The aroA gene deleted mutants were constructed using this recombinant plasmid. For cloning gene encoding antigenic region of E. coli O157 KNIH317, the O-antigen synthesis gene cluster and sit gene was cloned. The E. coli XL1-Blue cells harboring this recombinant plasmid showed cytotoxicity in Vero cells. The ctx gene was cloned for tile purpose of antigenic region against V. cholerae KNIH002. Sequence analysis confirmed that the virulence gene cassette was consisted of ace, zot, ctxA and ctxB genes.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1979

Bacteriologic diagnosis of enteric infection remains to be an important role of clinical laboratory because of the prevalence of the infection. Often the determination of etiologic agent and its susceptibility to antibiotics are of vital importance for a proper management of the infection. In our previous paper, an analysis of the isolation of enteric pathogens for the years 1969-73 was reported to clarify the status of those years. The present analysis was made based on the data obtained during the years 1974-78, to see if any change of the status was rendered. 1. During the 5-year period, from the cultures of 7,308 stool or rectal specimens 833 patients yielded enteric pathogens: 468 Shigella, 295 Salmonella, 30 Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 40 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC). 2. Of the 295 Salmonella, 271 were S. typhi Isolation of 12 S.paratyphi-A, 1 Salmonella group B, 4 group C, 5 group D and 2 group E meant a definite increase of these sero-groups, S. typhi was most frequently isolated in August and in December, and from 30- to 39-year-old patients. 3. Of the 468 Shigella, 10 were subgroup A, 338 subgroup B, 3 subgroup C and 117 subgroup D. Most of the subgroup B belonged to type 1,2, or 3. The proportion of S. sonnei decreased from 31.3% in 1974 to 18.2% in 1978. In foreign patients, S. sonnei remained to be the frequntly isolated species. Shigella isolation was frequent in August and in 2- to 5-year-old patients. 4. V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from 30 and EPEC from 40 patients. 5. Ninty-nine per cent and 99.5% of the S. typhi isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol and to ampicillin respectively. 92.8% of S sonnei were susceptible to ampicillin. S. flexneri type 2 was notable for their markedely decreased proportion being susceptible to ampicillin: 84.4% in 1974 and 25.6% in 1978.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.3517-3522
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• 2011

Contamination of public bath water by waterborne pathogens can cause disease outbreaks and contribute to background rates of disease. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of waterborne pathogens in public baths. A total of 30 water samples were collected from 30 different public baths in seoul, Korea. Pathogens in water samples were concentrated by 0.45 ${\mu}m$ nitrocellulose membrane filter, analyzed by both cultivation and polymerase chain reaction-reverse blot hybridization (PCR-REBA) of partial 16S rRNA gene. Various microorganisms including Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. were identified by microbiological cultivation. E. coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Mycobacterium spp. were identified by PCR-REBA. Our results suggest that appropriate hygiene practice and continuous monitoring is needed for reducing health risk associated with public bath houses.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

Due to wide abuse of antibiotics both in human and livestock use, the advent and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens becomes a serious health problem all over the world. Since the development of new antibiotics is at a standstill in pharmaceutical industry, the choice of therapeutic antibiotics is getting narrower. In this study, in an effort to search new antibiotics, the antimicrobial activity of Paenibacillus DY1 isolated from Korean soil was characterized on its growth inhibition spectrum against various health threatening MDR strains, with its stability and chemical structure. Extracellular culture filtrate of Paenibacillus DY1 effectively inhibits the growth of all the tested MDR enteropathogenic Eshcherichia coli, enterohemolytic E. coli, and enterotoxigenic E. coli strains, at a similar level to that on the nonresistant control E. coli strains. It showed significant growth inhibition effect against the causative agents of class one legal communicable disease, MDR Salmonella typhi, MDR Salmonella paratyphi A, food poisoning bacteria, MDR Salmonella typhimurium, and other MDR Salmonella spp. The growth of all of 10 different MDR Shigella spp. strains and 6 different Vibrio spp. strains tested was also inhibited. The antimicrobial activity of Paenibacillus DY1 was well preserved after heat treatment, and was also stable in both alkaline and acidic environment. The antimicrobial activity was partially purified with Diaion HP20 column and TLC. By NMR study, the putative structure of the activity was postulated as an alkane having hydroxyl groups.