• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.741-744
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term safety of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 in children with constipation, particularly the biochemical aspects of safety. Methods: Medical records were evaluated, and 100 children, who had been taking PEG 4000 for more than 6 months, and who had been under clinical and biochemical monitoring, were enrolled. Ages; $6.11{\pm}3.12$ years, Duration of therapy; $16.93{\pm}7.02$ months, dose of PEG 4000; $0.72{\pm}0.21g/kg/d$. Results: None of the children complained of clinical adverse effect. The first biochemical test was performed at 8.05 months after beginning of PEG 4000. Serum phosphate (SP) value was high in 10 children, and leucopenia was noted in one child. The second test was performed in 44 children at 7.57 months after the first test. The SP value was high in four children, including the three children whose initial SP value was high and one new child. Six out of 10 children with high initial SP value became normal and one was lost. Hypernatremia was noted in one child. The third test was done in 15 children at 7.5 months after the second test. The SP value of the new child from the second test was high, but became normal after finishing treatment. Two out of 3 children with high SP value at the second test became normal and one was lost. The fourth test was done in 2 children few months after the third test. All of the results were normal. There were no relation between duration of therapy and hyperphosphatemia, or between dose of PEG 4000 and hyperphosphatemia. Conclusions: PEG 4000 is safe for long-term therapy in children with constipation with respect to biochemical parameters.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2016

FOO 학문을 확장시키기 위해 본 연구는 제조공장 유형(본점 공장 vs 분점 공장)에 따라 안전제품에 전이되는 브랜드 본질의 정도와 가치가 달라진다는 것을 증명하고자 하는 목적을 가지고 있다. 안전제품이란, 발생할 수 있는 피해나 위험으로부터 소비자를 보호해야 하는 제품을 가리키지만 때때로 소비자에게 직접적인 피해를 주는 주체가 되기도 한다. 예를 들어, 2016년에 화두가 된 가습기 살균제 사건처럼 세균을 없애 소비자의 건강을 지켜주어야 하는 살균제가 해로운 화학성분을 가지고 있어 소비자가 사망하는 경우를 말한다. 이와 같은 경우를 '안전제품 배신'이라고 지칭하며, 본 연구에서는 안전제품 배신의 유(有)/무(無)가 제조공장 유형과 본질 전이, 가치 간의 관계를 조절할 것이라고 예측하였다. 총 213명의 피험자들을 대상으로 자동차 에어백을 가지고 실증 연구를 진행한 결과, 피험자들은 분점 공장에서 제조된 자동차 에어백보다 본점 공장에서 제조된 자동차 에어백의 가치가 더 높다고 평가하였으며, 전이된 브랜드의 본질 역시 분점 공장의 제품보다 본점 공장의 제품이 더 크다고 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 반대로 자동차 에어백이 배신을 일으킨 경우, 제조공장 유형 간에 존재했던 가치와 본질 전이의 차이가 없어지는 결과가 도출되었다. 이는 소비자들이 안전제품 배신을 경험하거나 목격했다면 안전제품의 사용이나 구매를 회피하려는 경향을 보이게 되고, 이로 인해 제조공장 유형에 상관없이 배신을 일으킨 안전제품에 대해 가치나 본질 전이가 낮다고 평가하는 것이다. 현재까지 한국에서는 본점과 분점으로 나누어 제조공장 유형 간의 가치 차이를 보거나 안전제품 배신을 적용한 연구가 존재하지 않았다. 그러므로 본 연구에서 FOO 학문과 안전제품 배신을 통합하여 연구를 진행한 것은 새로운 학문적 기여도와 실무적 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 연구 결과를 통해 도출된 시사점을 논의하였으며, 한계점 및 향후 연구방향에 대해 제시하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2015

Safety, resilience and comfort of pedestrian were assessed by the British Pendulum Test and SB/GB factor test at 8 kinds of sidewalk pavement. Sidewalk paving materials were normal concrete, porous concrete, concrete block, soil concrete, asphalt, rubber chip/resin mixture, wood chip/resin mixture and floor tile. In addition, a survey was conducted to investigate the perception of pedestrians on the sidewalk paving material. As a result, while the skid resistance value was measured in the most 60BPN above, the floor tile showed a low value of about 30BPN. The ratios of SB factor to GB factor of the elastic pavements(rubber/resin mixture and wood chip/resin mixture) appeared to be relatively large when compared with those of the conventional sidewalks. The survey showed that respondents perceived as more safe and comfortable elastic pavements compared to conventional pavements. Approximately 50% of respondents answered that hardened soil pavement was the most environmentally friendly.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2003

Recently, pile foundations were constructed in rough or soft ground than ground of well condition thus it is important that prediction of ultimate bearing capacity and calculation of proper safety factor applied pile foundation design. This study were performed to dynamic loading tests for the thirty two piles at four different construction sites and selected pile at three site were performed to static loading tests and then compare with measured value and value of static and dynamic loading tests. The load-settlement curve form the dynamic loading tests by CAPWAP was very similar to the results obtained from the static load tests. Based on dynamic and static loading tests, the reliability of pile-driving formula were analyzed and then suggested with proper safety factor for prediction of allowable bearing capacity in this paper.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2000

This paper presents a study for decision method of human body safety according to power load fluctuation of the Chechon area. To cope with substantial electromagnetics analysis, the safety assessments were analyzed the double 154 [kV] T/L, 345 [kV] T/L, Chechon-Ichon, Chechon-Youngju, respectively. As the results of case study, in case of 345 [kV] T/L, the electric field value was 11.4927 [kV/m], magnetic field value was 0.4622 [G] at the point about 7 [m] away from the line in severest case. The results showed that the membership of a proposition fuzzy '11.4937 [kV/m] is hazardous' is 0.7063 for the severest case in case of 345 [kV] T/L. As the analytic results using the fuzzy qualifier term, the membership in case of very false is 0.0862 and fairly false is 0.5419, respectively.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.186-191
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• 2004

Whenever some new measure to promote safety is being considered, one major input into the decision making process is to be some formal assessment of the costs and benefits involved. What levels of safety do many stakeholders believe the railway should deliver? This paper is a contribution to the efforts to answer the question. In this study, under Willing-To-Pay(WTP) based value of preventing a fatality(VPF) approach, we will study how much people are willing to trade off safety against other desirable things, summarize accepted quantitative criteria for safety quantitative criteria for safety decision, describe differences between these criteria and some current risk control actions, and present an outline of work under way to address issues related to cost-benefit analysis(CBA).

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2010

The purpose of this study if to prevent dangerous accident of the overthrow of the tower crane in summer's hurricane. We develop the SMS in order to give automatic alarm system to operator within the dangerous range and to give a information of the exactly slope in the real time. The slope value of the tower crane is compose of direction, pitch by the front and rear, roll by the right and left and synthesis by the its pitch and roll. Especially, the synthesis eliminate the effect of the wall tie or wire bracing. So, this value should correctly indicate the actual slope. In this study, more applying field test should be applied with the SMS. In the future, a more measurement device can be applied to, and be able to feed more alarm criteria for the review of the risk in the field.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

The experimental design methodology was applied in the real scale coal-fired boiler to predict the various combustion properties according to the operating conditions and to assess the coal plant safety. Response surface method (RSM) was introduced as a design of experiment, and the database for RSM was provided with the numerical simulation of the coal-fired boiler. The three independent variables, high heating value of coal (HHV), overall stoichiometry excess air ratio (OST), and burner-side stoichiometry excess air ratio (BST), were set to characterize the cross section averaged NOx concentration and temperature distribution. The maximum NOx concentration was predicted accurately and mainly controlled by BST in the boiler. The parabola function was assumed for the zone averaged peak temperature distribution, and the prediction was in a fairly good agreement with the experiments except downstream. Also, the location of the peak temperature was compared with that of maximum NOx, which implies that thermal NOx formation is the main mechanism in the coal-fired boiler. These results promise the wide use of statistical models for the fast prediction and safety assessment.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2015

A safety vent is crucial to protect its user from unpredictable explosions caused by increasing internal pressure of the lithium-ion batteries. In order to prevent the explosion of the battery, a safety vent rupture is required when the internal pressure reaches a critical value. In conventional manufacturing, the cap plate and the safety vent are fabricated separately and subsequently welded to each other. In the current study, a manufacturing process including a backward extrusion and coining process is suggested to produce an integral safety vent which also has the benefit of increasing production efficiency. FE simulations were conducted to predict the rupture pressure and to design the safety vent using a ductile fracture criterion and the element deletion method. The critical value, C, in the ductile fracture criterion was obtained from uniaxial tensile tests with an annealed sheet of 1050-H14 aluminum alloy. Rupture tests were preformed to measure the rupture pressure of the safety vent. The results met the required rupture pressure within 8.5±0.5 kgf/cm². The simulation results were compared with experimental results, which showed that the predicted rupture pressures are in good agreement with experimentally measured ones with a maximum error of only 3.9%.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권10호
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• pp.1761-1766
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• 2016

In this paper, we investigated the fusing current of carbon fiber and thermal properties of carbon fiber and metal shielded cable due to over-current. The fusing current value for the metal-coated carbon fiber was 5.3A in 3K, 7.4K and 13.05A in 12K. And if it exceeds 50% of the fusing current was broken with a rapid voltage rise. In the case of carbon fiber shielded cable, the temperature of the PVC sheath increased somewhat in the allowable current range. However, the temperature of PVC sheath rapidly increased to $128.1^{\circ}C$ in the 2 time allowable current range. This value is $10^{\circ}C$ higher than the temperature of PVC sheath on the metal screen cable, because the resistance of the carbon fiber is high and heat transfer rate is slow.