• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 2015

In information security devices, such as Smart Cards, vulnerabilities of the RSA algorithm which is used to protect the data were found in the Side Channel Analysis. The RSA is especially vulnerable to Power Analysis which uses power consumption when the algorithm is working. Typically Power Analysis is divided into SPA(Simple Power Analysis) and DPA(Differential Power Analysis). On top of this, there is a CA(Collision Analysis) which is a very powerful attack. CA makes it possible to attack using a single waveform, even if the algorithm is designed to secure against SPA and DPA. So Message blinding, which applies the window method, was considered as a countermeasure. But, this method does not provide sufficient safety when the window size is small. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new countermeasure that provides higher safety against CA. Our countermeasure is a combination of message and exponent blinding which is applied to the window method. In addition, through experiments, we have shown that our countermeasure provides approximately 124% higher attack complexity when the window size is small. Thus it can provide higher safety against CA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.639-645
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• 2017

Application Specific Messages (ASM) have been introduced by a number of international bodies, such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA), for the purpose of resolving AIS overloading issues caused by an increasing number of ships using AIS systems. ASM communication will transmit a large amount of safety-related information at sea, including meteorological information, accident reporting, and navigational warnings. Specifically, this message transaction system is expected to be actively used for communication among ships and for ship-to-shore (4S), where VHF communication through voice was standard. In order to design a user-oriented service through standardised AIS-ASM messaging in the future, the need for analysis of this seems to be quite critical. In order to reflect users' AIS-ASM communication needs, therefore, frequently-occurring marine communication messages were analysed through a questionnaire survey conducted on 57 marine officers and 50 VTS operators. Based on the survey results, a list of key standardised messages was suggested as a reference for future AIS message development.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1153-1166
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• 2011

Detecting misbehavior in vehicular ad-hoc networks is very important problem with wide range of implications including safety related and congestion avoidance applications. Most misbehavior detection schemes are concerned with detection of malicious nodes. In most situations, vehicles would send wrong information because of selfish reasons of their owners. Because of rational behavior, it is more important to detect false information than to identify misbehaving nodes. In this paper, we propose the variable precision rough sets based misbehavior detection scheme which detects false alert message and misbehaving nodes by observing their action after sending out the alert messages. In the proposed scheme, the alert information system, alert profile is constructed from valid actions of moving nodes in vehicular ad-hoc networks. Once a moving vehicle receives an alert message from another vehicle, it finds out the alert type from the alert message. When the vehicle later receives a beacon from alert raised vehicle after an elapse of time, then it computes the relative classification error by using variable precision rough sets from the alert information system. If the relative classification error is lager than the maximum allowable relative classification error of the alert type, the vehicle decides the message as false alert message. Th performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated as two metrics: correct ratio and incorrect ratio through a simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.206-208
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• 2013

The fact that the gigantic and luxurious cruise, Titanic, sank into the cold winter sea causing 1,490 casualties in 1912 resulted in discussing safety of life at sea international and Korea has adopted and operated the GMDSS to keep up with those international endeavors to decrease the number of tragic accidents at sea, However, all GMDSS equipment is making a monotonous beep sound when receiving a distress, emergency, safety and even general message so that it might contribute to lowering ship operators' cognitive abilities as well as being dull of safety precautions. So, I'd like to render great services for saving even one person by considering developing an automatic audio alarm device which allows people to respond in a prompt manner as soon as they hear an audion alarm such as a shipwreck.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

In IEEE 802.11p/1609-based vehicular networks, vehicles are allowed to exchange safety and control messages only within time periods, called control channel (CCH) interval, which are scheduled periodically. Currently, the length of the CCH interval is set to the fixed value (i.e. 50ms). However, the fixed-length intervals cannot be effective for dynamically changing traffic load. Hence, some protocols have been recently proposed to support variable-length CCH intervals in order to improve channel utilization. In existing protocols, the CCH interval is subdivided into safety and non-safety intervals, and the length of each interval is dynamically adjusted to accommodate the estimated traffic load. However, they do not consider the presence of hidden nodes. Consequently, messages transmitted in each interval are likely to overlap with simultaneous transmissions (i.e. interference) from hidden nodes. Particularly, life-critical safety messages which are exchanged within the safety interval can be unreliably delivered due to such interference, which deteriorates QoS of safety applications such as cooperative collision warning. In this paper, we therefore propose a new interference-aware Dynamic Safety Interval (DSI) protocol. DSI calculates the number of vehicles sharing the channel with the consideration of hidden nodes. The safety interval is derived based on the measured number of vehicles. From simulation study using the ns-2, we verified that DSI outperforms the existing protocols in terms of various metrics such as broadcast delivery ration, collision probability and safety message delay.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.155-164
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• 2008

Variable Message Signs (VMS) is one of the major components for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) services that provides real-time traffic and incident information to drivers. The objective of this research was to develop a method determining the optimal location of VMS considering safety and driving characteristics of various drivers. A driving simulator was utilized to evaluate how drivers can safely exit to off-ramp depending on various VMS locations while information relating route diversion was provided. The binary logistic regression and factor analysis were applied in developing a probability model that predicts the success of safe off-ramp exiting. Based on the developed probability model, a method to estimate the spacing between VMS and off-ramp is suggested. It is expected that the products of this study would be utilized as a tool in determining VMS locations for ITS planners and designers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.192-204
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• 2014

Gist-based message design is essential in the Internet in which a lot of health messages are created and shared constantly. This study intended to identify the characteristics of health messages in a webzine and explore a way to design gist-based health messages. A total of 72 webzine articles published in Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety were selected, and text and visual messages of the articles were analyzed in terms of content types, the frequency and position of gists, and intuitive expression. The articles were also categorized regarding the characteristics of health messages through cluster analyses. This study found that most texts of the health articles consisted of facts and methods, while most visual messages represented concepts. In addition, both text and visual messages had limitations in presenting a gist effectively. It was also necessary to explore an effective way to improve an intuitive understanding of jargon and quantitative information in health messages. Based on these findings, this study provided suggestions for the design of gist-based health messages in the Internet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.650-652
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• 2013

As VANET(Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork) improves road safety, efficiency, and comfort, and provides a value-added service such as commerce information or internet access. it is the most important technology in ITS(Intelligent Transportation System). But, In VANETs, better communication efficiency can be achieved by sacrificing security and vice versa. VANETs cannot get started without either of them. Therefore, to solve these problems simultaneously, this paper proposes MAC(Message Authentication Code) based SDAP(Secure Data Aggregation Protocol) which removes redundant data or abnormal data between vehicles and verifies the integrity of message. The MAC based SDAP not only improves the efficiency of data delivery but also enhances the security by detecting malicious attacks such as propagation jamming attack, forgery attack, and disguised attack.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.999-1008
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a pipeline network coding (PNC) scheme for efficient data transmission in wireless networks, a data authentication scheme for verifying the integrity of data, and a node authentication scheme for a virtual source. PNC is a technique that improves the overall network performance by relaying data such that the relay node performing network coding transmits to the sender instead. However, network coding is vulnerable to a pollution attack, which is an attack by a malicious attacker to inject modified data into the network. To prevent this, hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) is used. For this purpose, in order to generate a tag used for data authentication, a key must be distributed to the nodes performing authentication. We applied a hash chain to minimize the overhead of key distribution. A null vector is used as the authentication scheme for the virtual source. Finally, we analyze the safety and complexity of the proposed scheme and show he performance through simulation.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.871-882
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• 2015

AIS-ASM is one of the studies to provide a variety of maritime safety information as well as the information on a ship's position that is their own function, and AIS-ASM has been implemented with adjustment of the relevant regulations since 2004. However, it was reported that the increased use of ASM message on the existing AIS channel affects the part of the existing AIS own function such as the transmission of the ship's position and safe-related information. Also, seamless MSP service is difficult to provide at a low transmission rate of the existing AIS channel. This study aims to reduce the marine officer's workload through automating captain's mandatory reporting items using the one of the next maritime digital communication technology (ASM2.0). For this purpose, we designed and realized the ASM2.0 protocol through analyzing domestic regulations about passenger flight and AIS-ASM message.