• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of position change from supine to Fowler's on back pain and discomfort in patients who remained on bed rest after undergoing PCIs with a vascular closure device. Methods: Data was collected from 35 inpatients who were hospitalized in coronary-care unit to perform PCIs with a vascular closure device at S hospital in Seoul from December, 2006 to May, 2007. Back pain, discomfort, presence and grade of bleeding and hematoma from femoral arterial puncture site and blood pressure/pulse rate were measured prior to, 10 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after position change. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$ tests and t-tests using SPSS/WIN 12.0 for Windows program. The level of significance (${\alpha}$) was set at 0.05 for this study. Results: We found that there was no significant difference in back pain and discomfort in 10 minutes after position change between the two groups. However, the experimental group reported significantly less back pain and discomfort than the control group in 1 hour (p<.01, respectively) and 2 hour (p<.01, respectively) after position change. There was no significant difference in the presence and grade of bleeding and hematoma at the puncture site, blood pressure, and pulse rate in 10 minutes, 1hour and 2hours after position change between the two groups. Conclusion: Fowler's position change after PCIs in, therefore, safe and effective method of reducing back pain and physical discomfort without causing additional bleeding and changes in blood pressure and pulse rate.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.139-151
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• 1978

This study is to observe the effects of nursing care according to change of position for comfort during labor and safe delivery of newborn infants and perturbment women. Fifty antepartal primipara with labor pain who were admitted to the delivery room of H University Medical Center from September 1, 1976 to November 15, 1976 (Estimate Delivery Confinement) were selected for this investigation. Among the 50 parturiencys, the experimental group (28 primipara) were placed in 30 degree upright sitting position and the control group (22 primipara) were placed in the supine position. following placement, both groups were observed. The summarized findings of the study were as follows; 1. There was a noticeably significant difference in the duration of the first stage of labor (defined as 4 cm. dilatation of the cervical os with the fetal presenting part engaged to full or 10 cm. dilatation) , between the two groups. For women in the 30 degree upright sitting position, the first stage of labor was close to 33.66 minutes shorter. than for the women in the supine position. (t : 32.79, D.F : 48, p<0.0,i) 2. Although slight differences were observed between the Apgar Scores of the newborn infants of primipara in the two groups, these were not significant. The mean Apgar Score among the newborn infants of primipara in the 30 degree upright sitting position was 9.64 compared with 9.04 for the newborn infants of primipara in the supine position, a difference of 0.6. (x$^2$= 2.44, D.F : 2, p〉0.05) 3. There was a significant difference in the conformability of the perturbment women between the two groups because the shortened duration of the first stage and the high level of comfort score calculated for six factors (body activity, serving bed pan, serving kidney basin, pushing, deep breathing and perturbment women's feelings), that affect nursing care.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.496-500
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• 1998

Not merely running at the designated constant speed as the classical cruise control, the adaptive cruise control (ACC) maintains safe headway distance when the front is blocked by other vehicles. One of the most essential part of ACC System is the range sensor which can measure the position and speed of all objects in front continuously, ignore all irrelevant objects, distinguish vehicles in different lanes and lock on to the closest vehicle in the same lane. In this paper, the hierarchical object recognition algorithm (HORA) is proposed to process raw scanning laser data and acquire valid distance to target vehicle. HORA contains two principal concepts. First, the concept of life quantifies the reliability of range data to filter off the spurious detection and preserve the missing target position. Second, the concept of conformation checks the mobility of each obstacle and tracks the position shift. To estimate and predict the vehicle position Kalman filter is used. Repeatedly updated covariance matrix determines the bound of valid data. The algorithm is emulated on computer and tested on-line with our ACC vehicle.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1046-1052
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• 2016

For the safe driving of autonomous vehicles, accurate position estimation is required. Generally, position error must be less than 1m because of lane keeping. However, GPS positioning error is more than 1m. Therefore, we must correct this error and a map matching algorithm is generally used. Especially, road marking intensity map have been used in many studies. In previous work, 3D LIDAR with many vertical layers was used to generate a local intensity map. Because it can be obtained sufficient longitudinal information for map matching. However, it is expensive and sufficient road marking information cannot be obtained in rush hour situations. In this paper, we propose a localization algorithm using an accumulated intensity local map. An accumulated intensity local map can be generated with sufficient longitudinal information using 3D LIDAR with a few vertical layers. Using this algorithm, we can also obtain sufficient intensity information in rush hour situations. Thus, it is possible to increase the reliability of the map matching and get accurate position estimation result. In the experimental result, the lateral RMS position error is about 0.12m and the longitudinal RMS error is about 0.19m.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.423-427
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• 2002

Contrary to the traditional text-based information, 4S(GIS,GNSS,SIIS,ITS) information can contribute to the citizen's welfare in upcoming era. Recently, GSIS(Geo-Spatial Information System) has been applied and stressed out in various fields. As analyzed the data from GSIS arena, the position information of objects and targets is crucial and critical. Therefore, several methods of getting and knowing position are proposed and developed. From this perspective, Position collection and processing are the heart of 4S technology. We develop 4S-Van that enables real-time acquisition of position and attribute information and accurate image data in remote site. In this study, the configuration of 4S-Van equipped with GPS, INS, CCD and eye-safe laser scanner is shown and the merits of DGPS/INS integration approach for geo-referencing is briefly discussed. The algorithm of DGPS/INS integration fur determination of six parameters of motion is eccential in the 4S-Van to avoid or simplify the complicated computation such as photogrammetric triangulation. 4S-Van has the application of Laser-Mobile Mapping System for three-dimensional data acquisition that merges the texture information from CCD camera. The technique is also applied in the fields of virtual reality, car navigation, computer games, planning and management, city transportation, mobile communication, etc.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.2
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• pp.98-108
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• 1984

Generally, in case of constructing the embankments on the soft clay layers, one-dimensional consolidation settlement under the assumption of a middle position stress in a single layer makes a great difference with the integral value, ie. the final settlement. Consequently, to find how many equal segments of the soft clay layer are needed to converge into the integral value and which position should be taken as a position of mean stress, authors compared the theoretical value of the settlement due to one-dimensional consolidation with the practical value of the settlement due to two dimensional consolidation. The obtained results are as follows. 1) The practical value of the two-dimensional consolidation settlement can be estimated by the 74-83% theoretical value of the one-dimensional consolidation settlement. 2) When the soft clay layer was cut into 8-16 equal segments according to the depth, one-dimensional consolidation settlement converge into the integral value. 3) Assuming a total soft clay layer as a single one, the depth of a mean stress position is 0.29-0.37 of the thickness of the total soft clay layer. 4) The Hyperbola Method which presumes the long-term settlement from the short-term practical value of settlement is credible, because all practical value of the settlement are in safe side of the standard error of estimation and the correlation coefficient is up to 0.95.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.682-687
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• 2011

Calibration mirror mechanism has been widely used for on-board calibration with black body. The calibration mirror is deployed to reflect the radiation energy from the black body to the image sensor for calibrating the sensor system. After the calibration, the calibration mirror is stowed not to hide a main optical path. It also has a fail-safe function which can stow the mirror by just removing the input power of motor when the calibration mirror is stopped at certain position during the calibration. In the present work, the operation concept, design, torque analysis and functional test results of the calibration mirror mechanism with the aforementioned function have been introduced and investigated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.54-58
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• 2013

In recent days, vehicles have become equipped with electric systems that assist and help drivers driving safe by reducing possible accidents. LDWS(Lane Departure Warning System) and LKAS(Lane Keeping Assistant System) are involved in assist systems, especially for lateral motion of vehicles. Sudden and inattentive lateral motion of vehicles due to drivers' fatigue, illness, inattention, and drowsiness are major causes of accidents in highway. LDWS and LKAS provide drivers with warnings or assisting power to reduce any possibilities of accidents. In order to prevent or minimize the possibilities of accidents, lateral motion control of vehicles has been introduced in this research. DGPS/RTK(Differential Global Positioning System/Real Time Kinematics) and GIS(Geographic Information System) have been used to obtain the current position of vehicles and decide when activate controlling lateral motion of vehicles. The presented lateral motion control has been validated with actual vehicle tests.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.171.4-171
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• 2001

This paper proposes a method of human- robot interaction (HRI) using face directional gesture. A single CCD color camera is used to input face region, and the robot recognizes the face directional gesture based on the facial feature´s positions. One can give a command such as stop, go, left and right turn to the robot using the face directional gesture. Since the robot also has the ultra sonic sensors, it can detect obstacles and determine a safe direction at the current position. By combining the user´s command with the sensed obstacle configuration, the robot selects the safe and efficient motion direction. From simulation results, we show that the robot with HRI is more reliable for the robot´s navigation.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2012.07a
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• pp.311-312
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• 2012

Blade pitch control system monitors and adjusts angle of the blades and controls rotation speed of blades. This paper shows 2MW pitch system hardware and electric part. Blade pitch system consists of pitch drive, gear box, motor and energy storage. Fieldbus is base on CANopen protocol. Fail-Safe system moves the blades to a safety position in case of any fault condition. The super capacitor energy storage provides emergency back up to the Pitch servo driver during feathering the blades. This paper studied Blade pitch servo driver and a bi-directional DC-DC converter for fail-safe system.