• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.18-27
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• 2020

An actual fire test was performed on single combustibles placed in a local cinema complex, and quantitative differences in the maximum heat release rate (HRR) and fire growth rate were investigated based on the design fire curve methods (i.e., the general and 2-stage methods). In terms of combustible use and fire load, a total of 12 combustibles were selected, classified into cinema lounge and movie theater. It was found that the maximum HRR and fire growth rate determined using the two-stage method were quantitatively different from those of the general method. The application of the two-stage method, which can be used to determine the fire growth rate of the initial fire stage more precisely, could be useful in accurately predicting the activation time of fire detectors and fire-extinguishing facilities, as well as the available safe egress time (ASET) and required safe egress time (RSET).

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.5 no.2_3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2005

This paper describes recent developments in composite construction and their effect on codified design procedures in the UK. Areas of particular interest include: rules on shear connection, design of beams with web openings, serviceability limits, such as floor vibrations, and fire safe design. The design of cellular beams with regular circular openings now includes generalized rules for web-post buckling, and for the development of in-plane moment in the web-post for asymmetric sections. Closed solutions for the maximum shear force due to limits on web-post bending or buckling are presented. The fire resistance of cellular beams is also dependent on the temperature of the web-post, and for closely spaced openings. It is necessary to increase the thickness of fire protection to the web. For serviceability design of beams, deflection limits and natural frequency and response factor for vibration are presented. It may be necessary to use stricter limits for certain applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.356-363
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• 2013

Mechanical molding press which is used for transformation process during semiconductor manufacturing process has structural deformations by pressure. If these deformations have over limit range, life of the press itself can be reduced and it will be exerted on a bad effect for quality of the semiconductor. In this research, the main plates and links of a press are analyzed in relation to the structural deformations caused by pressure excluding thermal deformations. After modifying the modeling, the analysis is performed again to determine optimal design of the press, and this design is introduced to ensure that most of the stresses on the main plates are within safe allowable limits. As a result, an optimal design method for the structure is investigated to produce the desired pressure even when the size of the main structure is minimized.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.517-527
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• 2011

A topology optimization and shape optimization method are widely used in the design area of engineering field. In this paper, a unified procedure to combine both topology and shape optimization method is used. A material distribution method is used first to extract necessary design parameters of the structure and a shape optimization scheme using genetic algorithm and satisfying all the condition follows. As an example, a GFRP bridge deck is designed and compared with other commercial products. The performance of the designed deck shows that the used design procedure is very efficient and safe. This procedure can be generalized for using in other areas of engineering.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.86-91
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• 2010

New Design configurations of the fighter aircraft igloo diffuser were studied based on the closed ventilation type in contrast to the conventional open distribution type. To validate the enhanced and safe performance, the exhaust flow patterns of the two igloo diffuser types were simulated by both experimental and computational approaches as design tools. Flow visualizations were conducted to investigate the exhaust flow patterns in experimental approach. In addition, the commercial code called Fluent was used to calculate flow field properties. Computational simulations provided detailed parametric studies that significantly reduced the amount of experimentation necessary to alter the design parameters of the existing fighter igloo diffuser. The closed ventilation type of the igloo diffuser was shown the better results.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2002

Environmental furniture comprises an independent design branch as distinguished from he design of street furniture. Environmental furniture helps people enjoy outdoor relaxation and cultural activities by creating convenient facilities and plays a part as the medium connecting environment and living. As a tool effecting all outdoor living conditions including home and public environment, it helps people lead a convenient and safe outdoor life. It is an important element that contributes to the image of outdoor scenery. Therefore, the design of environmental furniture should : 1)consider environment including 3R(Recycle, Reuse and Reduce) which makes harmony with nature without destroying it. 2)seek qualitative improvement by using environmental friendly materials and continuously developing new materials. 3)be assisted by the administrative support from the government to make the environmental furniture design an integral part of the city plan. The quality of a city environment will be greatly improved when people's interest in and their changed view towards environmental furniture is effected.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 1999

One of the objectives of any task design is to provide a safe and helpful workplace for the employees. The safety and health module may include means for confronting the design with safety and health regulations and standards as well as tools for obstacles and collisions detection (such as error models and simulators), Virtual Reality is a leading edge technology which has only very recently become available on platforms and at prices accessible to the majority of simulation engineers. The design of an automated manufacturing system is a complicated, multidisciplinary task that requires involvement of several specialists. In this paper, a design procedure that facilitates the safety and ergonomic considerations of an automated manufacturing system are described. The procedure consists of the following major steps. Data collection and analysis of the data, creation of a three-dimensional simulation model of the work environment, simulation for safety analysis and risk assessment, development of safety solutions, selection of the preferred solutions, implementation of the selected solutions, reporting, and training. When improving the safety of an existing system the three-dimensional simulation model helps the designer to perceive the work from operators point of view objectively and safely without the exposure to hazards of the actual system.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1747-1755
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• 2008

Design of the reinforced roadbed thickness is concerned with safe operation of trains at specified levels of speed, axle load and tonnage. There are two methods for evaluating it. One is using an experimental equation and the other is using elastic theory with considering axle load, material properties of subsoils and allowable elastic settlement. Multi-layered theory is used to determine reinforced roadbed thickness by RTRI. Although their reinforced roadbed thickness is designed with an objective of achieving a minimum standard 2.5mm of settlement on the subgrade surface, it is hardly applied to real design. Li(1994) has suggested the experimental model which design approach is to limit plastic strain and deformations for the design period. It is worth due to adopting soil equivalent number of repeated load application. Moreover, it has been a more advanced method than existing design methods because including resilient modulus of subsoil beneath track, soil deviator stress caused by train axle loads and MGT. In this paper, it is analyzed under domestic track conditions to estimate the reinforced roadbed thickness with different soil types.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.843-854
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 제반 설계이론과 방법론을 적용하여 기존의 모델들이 가지고 있는 결점을 극복할 수 있는 독창적인 인공심장을 설계하고, 그 결과 시스템 설계에 있어서의 체계적인 설계방법론 적용의 타당성과 효율성을 입증하고자 한다. 또한 그 과정에서 인공장기 설계시에 만족시켜야 할 원칙을 제시하고, 그러한 원칙을 효과 적으로 만족시킬수 있는 새로운 설계원리를 탐구하고자 한다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.395-405
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• 2005

This work introduces to the international scientific community the Chinese Code on fire safety design of steel building structures. The aim of the Code is to prevent the structure of a steel building subjected to fire from collapsing, ensure safe evacuation of building occupants, and reduce the cost for repairing the damages of the structure caused by fire. The main contents of the Code is presented in this paper, including the fire duration requirements of structural components, fundamental requirements on fire safety design of steel components, temperature increasing of atmosphere and components in fire, loading effect and capacity of various components in fire, and procedure for fire-resistant design of steel components. The analytical approach is employed in the Code and the effectiveness of the Code is validated through experiments.