• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.13-19
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• 2019

After the Fukushima nuclear accident, a new power supply using a lithium polymer battery has been proposed the first time in the world as the safety of the emergency battery facility has been required. It is required to have the safety of the rack system in which the battery device is installed in order to apply the proposed technology to the field. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the seismic performance of string and rack frame for lithium-polymer battery devices developed for the first time in the world to satisfy 72 hours capacity. (1) The natural frequency of the unit rack system was 9 Hz, and the natural frequency before and after the earthquake load did not change. This means that the connection between members is secured against the design earthquake load. (2) he vibration reduction effect by string design was about 20%. (3) As a result of the seismic performance test under OBE and SSE conditions, the rack frame system was confirmed to be safe. Therefore, the proposed rack system can be applied to the nuclear power plant because the rack system has been verified structural safety to the required seismic forces.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.287-300
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• 2021

Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems (CCPS) are those systems that contain tightly coupled physical and cyber components, massively interconnected subsystems, and collaborate to achieve a common goal. The safety of a single Cyber-Physical System (CPS) can be achieved by following the safety standards such as ISO 26262 and IEC 61508 or by applying hazard analysis techniques. However, due to the complex, highly interconnected, heterogeneous, and collaborative nature of CCPS, a fault in one CPS's components can trigger many other faults in other collaborating CPSs. Therefore, a safety assurance technique based on fault criticality analysis would require to ensure safety in CCPS. This paper presents a Fault Criticality Matrix (FCM) implemented in our tool called CPSTracer, which contains several data such as identified fault, fault criticality, safety guard, etc. The proposed FCM is based on composite hazard analysis and content-based relationships among the hazard analysis artifacts, and ensures that the safety guard controls the identified faults at design time; thus, we can effectively manage and control the fault at the design phase to ensure the safe development of CPSs. To justify our approach, we introduce a case study on the Platooning system (a collaborative CPS). We perform the criticality analysis of the Platooning system using FCM in our developed tool. After the detailed fault criticality analysis, we investigate the results to check the appropriateness and effectiveness with two research questions. Also, by performing simulation for the Platooning, we showed that the rate of collision of the Platooning system without using FCM was quite high as compared to the rate of collisions of the system after analyzing the fault criticality using FCM.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.185-209
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• 2013

With the broader range of information and communications technology, of which fashion is a foundational medium, to analyze fashion as an information technology in order to better understand the industry's desire for intellectual property protection, popular resistance to such protection, and the most efficacious balance between them in terms of creative expression. It is, therefore to be focused on cultural and historical reasons for the limited degree of intellectual property protection extended in the past to certain categories of human creativity, including fashion design. So, the question of why some tension still exists between creators and consumers of fashion, how information theory can contribute to an explanation for that tension, and what role law can play in its resolution with Louboutin case and Levi case. Consumers and designers alike are better served by promotion of fair competition, lower litigation costs, and the inventive synergy of the fashion industry. Louboutin shows the comfortable, respectful limits of trademark law, while Levi illustrates the dangerous, overreaching deference that a few circuits have granted to famous marks. The Supreme Court could clarify the standard for dilution claims, requiring that a junior mark be "identical or nearly identical" or even "significantly similar" to a senior mark. Courts should need a deference in making dilution determinations and can choose to make this factor quite subjective with the highest degree of similarity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.230-237
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• 2023

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change, shortages of essential commodities and resources continue to occur globally. To address this problem, trade volume demand suddenly increased, driving up the freight rate of container ships sharply. The size of container vessels progressively increased from 1,500 TEU (twenty-foot equivalent unit) in the 1960s to 24,400 TEU in 2021. As the improvement of container loading capacity is closely related to the enlargement of the lashing bridge structure, it is necessary to design a structure effective for good container securing and safe under the various external loads that occur during voyage. Major classification societies have recently issued structural-analysis-based guidelines to evaluate the structural safety of lashing bridges, but their acceptance criteria and evaluation methods are different, causing confusion among engineers during design. In this study, the strength change characteristics are summarized by variations in the main variables (modeling range, opening consideration, mesh size) likely to affect the results. Based on this result, the authors propose a reasonable structural-analysis-based evaluation that is expected to serve as a reference in the next revision of classification standards.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.9-17
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• 2023

This study explores school location, school environment, educational conditions, and appropriate scale of schools in the context of Sejong City's development area and identifies effective school establishment plans based on the analysis of the needs of the educational community. The research questions for this study include, first, what is the change trend in the number of students as a result of the opening of schools in the development area of Sejong City to the present, and what differences are there between Sejong and other new cities? Second, what challenges arise in school location due to the occurrence of oversized schools and undergraduate institutions? Third, what challenges arise in school location that would limit the ability to create a safe school environment? Fourth, what aspects need to be improved in school location decisions to promote proper placement? A survey was conducted among parents and faculty members to collect data. The findings revealed that first, when establishing a school, identifying an appropriate location for the school was the top priority of the respondents. The second was the proximity of the school to dense housing, with a parent drop zone next to the school site. Third, to address the issue of lack of playgrounds and special class and care classes, respondents called for various measures such as securing school sites within a certain area. Finally, integrated operation schools and school facilities are required in preparation for decreasing school-age populations due to low birth rates.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.337-352
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• 2024

This study develops an informal science education program based on a creative design for the promotion of participation and action and explores the validity and effectiveness of the program. The program consists of three mini-projects, namely, The Martian: Surviving from the Mars, So Good to Have Seonjeongneung, and Designing a Sunshine Restaurant, with distinct topics focusing on the localization and contextualization of the region in which the program was implemented to encourage students' participation and action. The researchers selected three topics for each mini-project through discussions and revisions. The program is designed for 42 lessons across the three mini-projects and offers a presentation session in which students present their learnings from the program, constructed to facilitate personal contextualization. Participants included 15 elementary school students from Grades 5 and 6 who took surveys before and after the program. The pre-post surveys comprised two dimensions, 'Participation and Action' and 'Positive Experience about Science,' to examine the effectiveness of the program. At the end of the survey, we added a self-descriptive question that allows students to freely write down their feelings and thoughts. We checked the students' thoughts. The effectiveness of the program was illustrated by the largest increase in the "safe society" category, whereas there was little increase in other categories under the 'participation and Action' dimension in the Korean Science Education Standards. 'Science-related Self-concept' exhibited the largest increase, whereas the other categories displayed little increase from the 'Positive Experience about Science' dimension category.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2024

In this study, we evaluated the seismic performance of a masonry building that was not designed to be earthquake-resistant and attempted to improve the seismic performance by adopting a seismic reinforcement method on the exterior of the building. In addition, the building seismic design standards and commentary(KDS 41 17 00:2019) and existing facility(building) seismic performance evaluation methods were applied to evaluate seismic performance, and a pushover analysis was performed using non-linear static analysis. As the result of this study, it was determined that seismic reinforcement was urgent because the distribution rate of earthquake-resistant design of houses in Korea was low and masonry structures accounted for a large proportion of houses. When reinforcing the steel beam-column+brace frame in a masonry building, the story drift angle was 0.043% in the X direction and 0.047% in the Y direction, indicating that it satisfied the regulations. The gravity load resistance capacity by performance level was judged to be a safe building because it was habitable in both X and Y directions. In conclusion, it is believed that the livability and convenience of the house can be secured by reinforcing the exterior of the building and the seismic performance and behavior of the structure can be clearly predicted.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Smart factories represent production facilities where cutting-edge information and communication technologies are fused with manufacturing processes, reflecting rapid advancements and changes in the global manufacturing sector. They capitalize on the integration of robotics and automation, the Internet of Things (IoT), and the convergence of artificial intelligence technologies to maximize production efficiency in various manufacturing environments. However, the smart factory environment is prone to security threats and vulnerabilities due to various attack techniques. When security threats occur in smart factories, they can lead to financial losses, damage to corporate reputation, and even human casualties, necessitating an appropriate security response. Therefore, this paper proposes a security authentication mechanism for safe communication in the smart factory environment. The components of the proposed authentication mechanism include smart devices, an internal operation management system, an authentication system, and a cloud storage server. The smart device registration process, authentication procedure, and the detailed design of anomaly detection and update procedures were meticulously developed. And the safety of the proposed authentication mechanism was analyzed, and through performance analysis with existing authentication mechanisms, we confirmed an efficiency improvement of approximately 8%. Additionally, this paper presents directions for future research on lightweight protocols and security strategies for the application of the proposed technology, aiming to enhance security.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.4 s.30
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• pp.63-74
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• 2006

It's essential to meet the expectations of drivers through reasonable road design, which makes the drivers to recognize the conditions of road sufficiently. In this case, we could say that because the roads are consistently designed, drivers can make a safe and comfortable drive. There are so many studies about the alignment design consistency methods which are previously mentioned. In this study, Firstly we categorize the studies which are concerned with the estimation of the alignment design consistency methods and then apply the method which fits for the actual condition into the practice. And we'll make a realistic method by using the data which aye collected from the National Road. The developed model in this study is the predicting model including speed($V_t$) as the variable on the upper stream 100m of the curve. This model was developed which divided to two cases in the all directions of two lanes; One case is the $R{\leq}200m$ and another case is the R>200m. In the section of the $R{\leq}200m$, this case was influenced on the road alignment(R) and($V_t$) and another section was found that is affected to the speed($V_t$) on the upper stream loom rather than the effect of road alignment(R). In the case of all directions of four lanes, however, this study is predicted divided to two sections on the 400m of R, these section have more influenced to($V_t$) than the road alignment factors. This result of the four lanes was represented to different result with the two lanes. This study will further need development of the predicting model with the higher confidence through collecting data with more the exact data, the various road alignment data and speed of the several sections on the upper stream on the curve.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to propose a direction for designing and managing a smart park for realizing a smart green city and to present measures in the landscape field to foster related industries. The research process is as follows. First, the concept of a smart park was operationally defined through a literature review, and three principles to be considered in the process of creation and management were established. Second, in terms of the three principles, problems and implications for improvement were derived through an analysis of established cases of smart parks in new and pre-existing cities. Third, a pool of designs and management standards for each spatial component of a smart park was prepared through literature and case studies, and then further refined through brainstorming with experts in related fields. Fourth, measures were suggested to the government, local governments, and the landscape field to promote smart park creation and management. The main findings are as follows. First, the concept of a smart park is defined as "a park that contributes to securing the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of cities and local communities by supporting citizens' safe and pleasant use of parks and improving the management and operational efficiency by utilizing the digital, environment, and material technologies." Second, the three principles of smart parks are to improve the intrinsic value of parks, to improve the innovative functions of parks to solve urban problems, and to make the design, construction, and management process smart. Third, improvement implications were derived through the analysis of cases of smart parks creation in new and pre-existing cities. Fourth, the directions for smart park design and management were suggested in five aspects: green area, hydroponic facility area, road and plaza area, landscape facilities area, and park design method. Fifth, as for policy implications for revitalizing the construction and management of smart parks, the development of smart park policy business models by city growth stage, and park type, the promotion of pilot projects, the promotion of smart park projects in connection with the Korean New Deal policy, and smart park policies led by landscape experts were presented.