• Water Engineering Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

Water quality in becoming a serious issue in South Korea, so that modernization of drinking water and sewer plants is sought after. "Contracting out"to the private sector from the local government bureaucracy is the order of the day. This paper introduces the semi-privatized water resources management systems in the washington metropolitan area for South Korea's further privatization efforts.n efforts.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2013

In Cukhe, a village located in the outskirts of Hanoi, Vietnam, people suffer from a shortage of high-quality water due to an arsenic contaminated supply water resource. We installed catchments, filters and settled tanks in the existing rainwater harvesting facility to improve water quality, and ten portable rainwater tanks to provide good-quality drinking water to the poor households and kindergartens in the dry season. The triple bottom line considerations, as well as the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems are examined. RWH is a sustainable method to obtain good-quality drinking water at low cost and with little energy expenditure. Education of the system also encourages that continuation of the system and expansion can lead into economic prosperity, as the safe drinking water can be sold to the community. Hence, RWH is a unique proposal as sustainable drinking supply water for improving the lives and health of residents in Cukhe and other sites where water supply sources are contaminated.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.293-301
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of the concentrations of selected trace metals and inorganic anions in five types of drinking water samples (mineral spring water, well water, small community water, municipal tap water, and commercial mineral water) collected from Chuncheon, Gangwon-do in 2007. Forty four samples were analyzed for five metals and five anions using an atomic absorption spectrometer and an ion chromatograph, respectively. Arsenic (As) and nitrate (${NO_3}^-$) concentrations in some groundwater samples did not meet the future (10 ${\mu}g/L$) and current (44 mg/L) Korean drinking water standards, respectively. On the other hand, any municipal tap water samples, the sources of which were lake surface water, satisfied the Korean standards. Human health risk assessment results showed that arsenic in all types of water, especially groundwater including commercial mineral water, may pose both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects on the residents. It is concluded that groundwater is not safe drinking water any longer and that a national survey and follow-up measures need to be taken.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.78-93
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• 2011

Clean and safe water is the fundamental element for the good life of people. However, expanding the distrust on the tap water increased the anxiety on drinking water and accelerated the growth of the natural and purified water market. In this respect, this study was made to find an opportunity to invigorate the use of the Seoul tap water for drinking by means of assessing the awareness of the citizen and the current condition on the tap water in Seoul. The findings were that the direct use of the tap water for drinking was very low and 'use after boiling' was also lower relative to 'use of purified water'. Also, the education on the environment should include the importance of the use of the tap water to improve the awareness of the citizen on the tap water and the administrative role, typically for educational institutes and schools, might be required to increase the use of the tab water for drinking.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.533-543
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• 2016

Supplying clean and safe water to people is facing both quantitative and qualitative challenges. Due to climate change, access to freshwater becomes increasingly difficult, while pollution from various sources decreases the public trust in water quality. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) which stores and uses surface water in aquifer is receiving attention as a new technology to secure freshwater. Recently, there is a global expansion in the attempt to combine general purification plants and hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) which manages all the process from raw material to consumer for food safety. This research is about an attempt to apply HACCP to the drinking water supply process using MAR to secure both quantity and quality of drinking water. The study site is a MAR plant being constructed in the downstream area of the Nakdong River Basin, South Korea. The incorporation of HACCP with MAR-based water supply system is expected to enhance the safety and reliability of drinking water.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1060-1067
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of reservoirs on water quality and the distribution of pathogenic and indicator bacteria in a drinking water distribution system (total length 14km). Raw water, disinfected water, and water samples from the distribution system were subjected to physicochemical and microbiological analyses. Most factors encountered at each season included residual chloride, nitrate, turbidity, and phosphorus for heterotrophic bacterial distribution, and hardness, heterotrophic bacteria, sampling site, and DOC (dissolved organic carbon) for bacteria on selective media. No Salmonella or Shigella spp. were detected, but many colonies of opportunistic pathogens were found. Comparing tap water samples taken at similar distances from the water treatment plant, samples that had passed through a reservoir had a higher concentration of heterotrophic bacteria, and a higher rate of colony formation with 10 times as many bacteria on selective media. Based on the results with m-Endo agar, the water in reservoirs appeared safe; however, coliforms and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified on other selective media. This study illustrates that storage reservoirs in the drinking water distribution system have low microbiological water quality by opportunistic pathogens, and therefore, water quality must be controlled.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2003

In this study, chlorine dose at water storage tank was predicted to meet the recommended guideline for free chlorine residual in drinking water distribution system, using EPANET which is a computer program that performs extended Period simulation of hydraulic and water quality behavior within pressurized pipe networks. The results may be summarized as follows. The decay of chlorine residual by season varied considerably in the following order; in summer ($25^{\circ}C$) > spring and fall (15$^{\circ}C$) > winter (5$^{\circ}C$). For re-chlorination at water storage tank by season, season-varying chlorine dose was required at its maximum of 1.00 mg/l in summer and minimum of 0.40 mg/l in winter as free chlorine residual. The decay of chlorine residual through out the networks increased with water age spent by a parcel of water in the network except for some points with low water demand. In conclusion, the season-varying chlorine dose as well as the monitoring of water quality parameters at the some points which showed high decay of chlorine residual may be necessary to deliver the safe drinking water.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2007

The viable cell of 60% drinking water among 25 drinking water served in restaurant of Daegu district showed above 100 CFU/mL which is sanitary standard of drinking water. The 50 CEO of restaurant considered drinking water served in their own restaurant as just safe and were very deficient in aware of sanitation about drinking water. Sensory quality of drinking water boiled with plant materials, such as barley, Cassia semen, corn, Buckwheat, Korean solomon's seal, Chamomile, Brown rice-green and peppermint was improved in color, taste, flavor and overall acceptability compare to marketed drinking water, respectively. Especially drinking water boiled with Korean solomon's seal was the best In overall acceptability. The number of total bacteria reached above $10^2 CFU/mL$ in marketed drinking water after 4 days storage at 10. But the growth of microorganism did not occur in boiled drinking water with Brown rice-green tea, Korean solomon's seal, barley, Cassia semen and com during storage for 10 days at $10^{\circ}C$, respectively. The number of total bacteria reached above $10^2 CFU/mL$ in marketed drinking water after storage for 1 days at $25^{\circ}C$. The growth of microorganism was accelerated in boiled drinking water with corn, Korean solomon's seal, barley, Cassia semen except Brown rice-green tea during storage far 10 days at $25^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Drinking water deficiency is prevalent in developing countries due to contamination of surface and ground water, difficulties of water treatment, and lack of water infrastructures. 'Rainwater For Drinking (RFD)' projects are emerging as one of the effective solutions globally since RFD systems provide safe drinking water from rainwater. In RFD projects, perception of local residents toward RFD project is essential as local residents must manage their RFD systems on their own after the project finishes. This research performed survey and interview to 209 local residents, who use RFD systems, and analyzed their general perception, expected effects and feared factors toward RFD projects. Through the research, it was shown that the most of the local residents have positive perception towards RFD projects' effectiveness (41.9%) and are willing to participate (58.9%). The top three expected effect factors of the RFD projects were 'supply of safe water source', 'vitalization of local community', and 'expansion of RFD system'. The top three feared factors were 'quality of rainwater', 'technical factors of RFD system', and 'maintenance of RFD system'. The research findings indicate that development of simple water quality measuring device and education of the local residents about RFD system is necessary for better maintenance of the RFD system after the project finishes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.41-46
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• 2013

On the purpose of helping the inhabitants living in farming, fishing villages, and islands for more safe and hygienic water from simple waterworks, experimental investigations were performed concerning the development of a water purifier with silver nanomaterial packed, having a function of the auto-disinfection. The results show as follows through such filteration and auto-disinfection processes. It is possible to get hygienic and safe water, for example, more than 95% of general bacteria, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms were removed. It is also possible to get good-quality water, for 49.4% of spent potassium permanganate and 85% and 63% of turbidity and conductivity were removed respectively. It is a very effective equipment, for 100% cost reduction of used chemicals was achieved by no-chemical disinfection process and THM was not generated.