• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1694-1698
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• 2004

We hope to evaluate the effects of Sabaek-san for the bronchial asthma using assesment on the metrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) after Sabaek-san was intravenously administered OVA-sensitized and -challenged mice. Seventy-two female mice, 8-10 weeks of age and free of murine specific pathogens, were used. Of the seventy-two mice, twenty-four mice were not sensitized and forty-eight mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of OVA. Of the sensitized mice, twenty-four mice didn't administrate Sabaek-san and twenty-four administrated Sabaek-san. Mice were sensitized on days 1 and 14 by intraperitoneal injection of 20 fig OVA. On days 21, 22 and 23 after the initial sensitization, the mice were challenged for 30 minutes with an aerosol of 1% OVA in saline. Sabaek-san administered 200㎎/㎏ in the tail of the mouse, one time per day, for 7 days, beginning 14 days after first sensitization. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 72 hours after the last challenge, and total cell numbers in the BAL fluid were count. Also, level of MMP-9 in the BAL fluid were measured by Enzyme immunoassays and Western blot analysis. Enzyme immunoassay revealed that MMP-9 levels in the BAL fluids significantly increased 72 h after OVA inhalation compared with levels in the control group. After administration of the Sabaek-san, the levels of the MMP-9 in BAL fluids 72 h after OVA inhalation reduced dramatically. Western blot analysis revealed that MMP-9 levels increased in the all mice which were challenge with OVA without administered Sabaek-san compared the normal mouse. However, in the groups of the administered Sabaek-san, the MMP-9 level markedly decreased. Sabaek-san might be effect the treatment of the bronchial asthma as a inhibition of the MMP-9.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.25-33
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• 2023

Objective This study aimed to confirm the effect of Sabaek-san extract on the recovery of skin damage in atopic dermatitis-induced mice. Methods In this study, we used 4-week-old NC/Nga mice that were assigned to four groups: control (Ctrl), lipid barrier elimination (LBEG), dexamethasone (Dx) administration after lipid barrier elimination (DxAG), and Sabaek-san extract administration after lipid barrier elimination (SBAG). Ten rats were assigned to each treatment group. After drug administration for 3 days following lipid barrier elimination, ceramide kinase, caspase 14, sodium hydrogen antiporter (NHE), cathelicidin, claudin, and Toll-like receptor (TLR2) were observed to confirm restoration of skin moisturizer production, antimicrobial barriers, and tight junctions in the skin barrier. Results Ceramide kinase and caspase 14 positive reactions were significantly higher in the SBAG group than in the LBEG or DxAG groups. NHE and cathelicidin showed a higher positive reaction in the SBAG group than in the LBEG and DxAG groups. Claudins and TLR2 showed a higher positive reaction in the SBAG group than in the LBEG or DxAG groups. Conclusion It was confirmed that Sabaek-san extract may have the potential to restore damaged skin barrier in atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 2016

Objectives This case study reports patient diagnosed as Soyangin Hyunggyeok yeoljeung with tinnitus, headache and sleep discomfort after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage(SAH) had treated with HyungBangSabaek-San.Methods The patient suffering from tinnitus, sleep discomfort had taken HyungBangSabaek-San from the first to the end three times a day. We measure tinnitus by Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI) and observe symptoms change using Visual Anlaogue Scale(VAS).Results The symptoms had been steadily decreased and quality of life had increased also. Headache and constipation had been improved in a week and tinnitus and chest discomfort had decreased next week. At last, patient complained symptoms slightly.Conclusions HyungBangSabaek-San a is treatment of Soyangin Hyunggyeok yeoljeung and may be considered as a treatment of tinnitus.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.240-247
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• 2012

Sabaek-san has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases derived from the cold with high fever, cough, and lung dysfunction in Korea and China. There is no study for the comparison between different solvent extracts of Sabaek-san. We made two samples, one is Sabaek-san water extract (SBSW) and the other is Sabaek-san 30% EtOH extract (SBSE). Both extracts inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) protein, reduced iNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Also, they reduced tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) production. These anti-inflammatory effects caused by induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. HO-1 enzyme plays an important role of cellular anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory systems. The induction of HO-1 is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level, and its induction by various inducers is related to the nuclear transcription factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, it is worth taking note that SBSE has more powerful anti-inflammatory effects than SBSW. In this study we suggest that different solvent extraction makes different therapeutic actions.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to confirm the regulate effect of T helper (Th) 2 differentiation that Sabaek-san extract may produce to improves skin lipid barrier damage. Methods Four-weeks-old NC/Nga mice were divided into four groups: control group (Ctrl, n=10), lipid barrier eliminated group (LBE, n=10), Dexamethasone treatment after lipid barrier elimination group (DXT, n=10), and Sabaek-san extract treatment group after lipid barrier elimination (SBT, n=10). Sabaek-san extract was administered for 3 d after removal of the skin fat barrier in SBT group. Then, we identified changes in external symptoms of the skin, factors affecting skin barrier such as potential of hydrogen (pH), filaggrin, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and Th2 differentiation factors like Interleukin (IL)-4, Kallikrein Related Peptidase 7 (KLK7), and protease activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) through our immunohistochemistry. Results After lipid barrier elimination, the reduction of morphological skin inflammations was less in SBT group than in LBE and DXT group. Also, pH and TEWL were significantly decreased with SBT group. However, filaggrin was significantly increased in SBT group compared to LBE, DXT, and Ctrl group. All kinds of Th2 differentiation factors (IL-4, KLK7 and PAR-2) were also decreased in SBT compared to the LBE and DXT. Conclusions As a result of this study, SBT administration decreased pH, TEWL, and increased filaggrin, thus participating in recovering damaged skin barrier. Since Th2 differentiation factors were decreased as well, SBT's regulatory effect in sequential immune reactions may be a possible explanation of how it enhances recovery of the damaged lipid barrier.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2022

Objective The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of Sabaek-san extract on skin damage recovery and inflammation relief in atopic dermatitis-induced mice through Endocannabinoid system (ECS) control. Methods In this study, we used 6-week-old NC/Nga mice were divided into 4 group: control group (Ctrl), lipid barrier elimination group (LBEG), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) treated group after lipid barrier elimination (PEAG), and Sabaek-san extract treatment group after lipid barrier elimination (SBSG). Each group was assigned 10 animals. After drug administration of three weeks duration following lipid barrier elimination, cannabinoid receptor (CB) 1, CB2, CD (Cluster of Differentiation) 68, phosphorylated inhibitor kappa B (p-IκB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Fc ε receptor, substance P and serotonin were observed to confirm the regulation of the ECS, macrophage activity and mast cell activity. Results We found that 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OXdG) positive reaction was significantly lower in the SBST group than in LBET and PEAT groups. Both CB1 and CB2 showed higher positive reactions in the SBST group than in the LBET and PEAT. CD68, p-IκB, iNOS, Fc ε receptor, Substance P and serotonin showed lower positive reaction in the SBST compared to the LBET and PEAT. Conclusion It was confirmed that the Sabaek-san extract can reduce the inflammation of atopic dermatitis by restoring the structural damage of the skin lipid barrier through ECS activity.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.52-63
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• 2005

1. Objectives Due to a lack of detail guidelines for prescriptions to ordinary and pathological symptoms in ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSuseBowon${\lrcorner}$, doctors depend on their own decision when give a prescription. This study aimed to compare ordinary symptoms and pathological symptoms in regards to six prescriptions being applied to Soyangin to utilize them as guidelines in practices. 2. Methods Date were collected from September, 2003 to August, 2004 at the Sasang Constitutional clinic of Pohang Oriental Medicine Hospital. Patients were first asked to fill Out a questionnaire of symptoms that they had at the time of visiting. Data from 273 Soyangin patients whose chief complains got alleviated after taking the prescribed drug were analyzed to examine if there were differences in prescriptions according to ordinary or pathological symptoms complained. 3. Results and Conclusions 1. Hyungbangpaedog-san(Paedog) was given more to the patients having good digestive function than Hyungbangjihwang-tang(Hyungji) and Hyungbangdojeok-san (Dojeok) ; Dojeok was given for bloating symptom compared to Hyungbangsabaek-san(Sabaek). Yangkyuksanhwa-tang(Yangkyuk) and Dojeok were more like for patients with stomachache compared to Paedog. Doghwaljihwang-tang(Dogji) was prescribed to patients complaining frequent voiding compared to Sabaek while Sabaek was given for patients who prefer cold water and feel their body warm compared to other prescriptions. Yangkyuk and Dojeok were prescribed more likely to patients with feeling of suffocation than Sabaek. 2. In symptom comparisons between one prescription and the group of the rest of 5 prescriptions, Paedog was found to be prescribed when patients had good digestive function while Dojeok was given in symptoms cases of indigestion, bloating, constipation and dizziness. Sabaek was applied more for patients having tendency of preferring cold water and feeling of heat body as well as good digestive function. Hyungji was used for patients complaining a symptom of fatigue, in addition Yangkyuk was given to patients who were nervous, sensitive, or impatient when compared to Other prescriptions. Dogji was applied to frequent voiding, insomnia, tingling of extremities, backache or leg pain, or in case of tendency of catching a common cold.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Sabaek-San(SBS) on the activity of immune cell and leukemia cell. The addition of SBS(1 ㎍/㎖) enhanced the proliferation of cultured-splenocytes and thymocytes. And also, administration of SBS(250, 500 mg/kg) accelerated subpopulation of splenic T lymphocytes in BALB/c mice. Administration of SBS eminently enhanced the production of IFN-γ, and IL-4. The treatment of high dose of SBS inhibit the proliferation of Jurkat cells and dose-dependently increased the apoptosis of cultured-Jurkat leukemia cells. These results suggest that SBS have a cell mediated immuno-regulatory effect.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.281-284
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• 2007

Cough is a very common and largely recurrent childhood respiratory disease. In Korean medicine, Zhudanxi(矢丹溪), was the first to classify cough according to the different stages of time. In this research, I examined the stage of Nocturnal Cough(晨嗽) which refers to cough that occurs at dawn. Indigestion is classified as the cause with SaBaek-san proscribed as the treatment for such cough. In this research, twenty five children who had coughing at dawn with abdominal symptoms were treated with Sabaek-san-kamibang and then examined for cough, abdominal symptoms and other related symptoms. As a result, there was a statistically notable decrease in cough, abdominal symptoms and other symptoms such as nasal discharge, sputum, constipation, vomiting and cough. In addition, of the twenty five patients found with acute cough and those with moderate cough with abdominal symptoms showed good clinical results upon completion of treatment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1177-1183
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• 2002

We investigated the effects of Sabaek-san (SBS) water extract on the cell proliferation of human lung carcinoma A549 cells. SBS treatment resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. This anti-proliferative effect of A549 cells by SBS treatment was associated with morphological changes such as membrane shrinking and cell rounding up. DNA flow cytometric histograms showed that population of G1 phase of the cell cycle was increased by SBS treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. SBS treatment induced a marked accumulation of tumor suppressor p53 and a concomitant induction of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP, which appears to be transcriptionally upregulated and is p53 dependent. In addition, SBS treatment resulted in down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as determined by RT-PCR analysis. The present results indicated that SBS-induced inhibition of lung cancer cell proliferation is associated with the blockage of G1/S progression the induction of apoptosis.