• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.778-787
• /
• 2012

카드뮴에 의해 유도되는 담배의 생장, 엽록소 함량, rubisco와 rubisco activase에 미치는 SA의 영향과, 이에 대한 변성제의 효과를 연구하였다. 담배 기내생장에 대한 SA의 최적농도를 찾기 위해, $10^{-6}$ mM - $10^2$ mM SA를 처리하여 9주간 생장시킨 결과, $10^{-4}$ mM SA에서 가장 높은 생장을 보였다. SA와 카드뮴을 4개의 실험구(대조구, SA, 카드뮴, 카드뮴 + SA)로 하여 생장, 엽록소 함량 및 rubisco와 rubisco activase의 함량과 활성을 측정한 결과, 카드뮴 > 카드뮴 + SA < 대조구 카드뮴 + SA < 대조구 ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol은 활성을 촉진시켰으며, urea, thiourea, guanidium-HCl은 억제시켰다. 이는 L-cysteine과 ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol은 변성에 관여하지 않으며, urea, thiourea, guanidium-HCl은 변성에 관여하였음을 의미한다. Rubisco activase의 활성에 대한 변성제들의 영향을 조사한 결과, 5종 모두는 비처리구와 비교하여 현저한 영향은 나타내지 않았다.

• 복식
• /
• 제53권8호
• /
• pp.121-135
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to suggest a theoretical basis to name Sa(紗) and Ra(羅) remains properly by comparing and analyzing the name, usage, value, length and width of Sa(紗) and Ra(羅) recorded on documents made at the end period of Joseon. The features of Sa(紗) and Ra(羅) at the end of the Joseon Period are as follows. 1. The kinds of Sa(紗) are about 80, those of Ra(羅) are about 12, and those of Sa(紗) are significantly more than those of Ra(羅). In regard to the aspect of patterns, there were about 20 types of patterns in the case of Sa(紗), but no specific pattern for Ra(羅). 2. Some newly revealed patterns in the case of Sa (紗) are as follows. Baek -bok-mun(백복문) was a pattern full of ‘bats(박쥐[복])’, and Baek-jeop-mun(백접문) was a pattern full of ‘butterflies(나비[蝶])’ Jeop-mun(접문) was classified into ‘butterfly patterns(나비문[접문])’ and ‘traditional window flame patterns(창살문[접문])‘. 3. When considering the usages of Sa(紗) and Ra(羅), Sa(紗) was used for various detailed purposes according to their kinds and patterns, but Ra(羅) was mostly used for underwear. The most commonly used Sa(紗) was the Gab-sa type(甲紗類). On the contrary, the Go-sa type(庫紗類) was significantly less used than the Gab-sa type(甲紗類). However, it must have been of relatively high quality Sa(紗), shown by the fact that it was used for outer garments. In addition, the Gung-sa type(宮紗類) was the best quality Sa(紗), shown by the fact that it was used for court dress and official uniforms in the royal court. 4. Sa(紗) and Ra(羅) whose features have been examined we Gapsa(甲紗), Sun-in (純仁), Gosa(庫紗), Gwansa(官紗), Jusa(走紗), Eunjosa(은조사), Gwangsa(廣紗), Waesa(倭紗), Dorisa(도리사), Gong-yangsa(공양사), Rasa(羅紗), Danghangra(唐亢羅), Yanghangra(洋亢羅), Yunjura(윤주라), Eunra(銀羅), Jeohangra(저항라), Chura(秋羅). 5. Regarding the values of Sa(紗) and Ra(羅), they were high quality textures and its length and width of 1 Pil(疋), a roll of cloth, were not subdivided in detail such as in the case of plain weaved silks(平絹).

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.179-190
• /
• 2010

This paper describes a new stochastic heuristic algorithm in engineering problem optimization especially in power system applications. An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) called adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO), mixed with simulated annealing (SA), is introduced and referred to as APSO-SA. This algorithm uses a novel PSO algorithm (APSO) to increase the convergence rate and incorporate the ability of SA to avoid being trapped in a local optimum. The APSO-SA algorithm efficiency is verified using some benchmark functions. This paper presents the application of APSO-SA to find the optimal location, type and size of flexible AC transmission system devices. Two types of FACTS devices, the thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and the static VAR compensator (SVC), are considered. The main objectives of the presented method are increasing the voltage stability index and over load factor, decreasing the cost of investment and total real power losses in the power system. In this regard, two cases are considered: single-type devices (same type of FACTS devices) and multi-type devices (combination of TCSC, SVC). Using the proposed method, the locations, type and sizes of FACTS devices are obtained to reach the optimal objective function. The APSO-SA is used to solve the above non.linear programming optimization problem for better accuracy and fast convergence and its results are compared with results of conventional PSO. The presented method expands the search space, improves performance and accelerates to the speed convergence, in comparison with the conventional PSO algorithm. The optimization results are compared with the standard PSO method. This comparison confirms the efficiency and validity of the proposed method. The proposed approach is examined and tested on IEEE 14 bus systems by MATLAB software. Numerical results demonstrate that the APSO-SA is fast and has a much lower computational cost.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.488-495
• /
• 2000

Strain SA72 was isolated from Jeot-gal and identified as producer of a bacteriocin, which showed some bactericidal activity against Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 4797. Strain SA72 was tentatively identified as Lactococcus lactis according to the AOI test. Lactococcus lactis SA72 showed a broad spectrum of microorganisms, tested by the modified deferred method. The activity of lacticion SA72, named tentatively as a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis SA72, was detected during the mid-lon growth phase, reached a maximum during the early stationary phase, and then declined after the late stationary phase. Lacticin SA72 also showed a relatively broad spectrum of activity against non-pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms when assessed by the spot-on-lawn method. Its anitimicrobial activity on sensitive indicator cells disappeared completely by protease XIV treatment. The inhibitory activity of lacticin SA72 remained after treatment for 15 min at $121^{\circ}C$, 문 was stable in a pH range of 2.0 to 9.0 and all organic solvents examined. It demonstrated a typical bactericidal mode of inhibition against Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 4797. The apparent molecular mass of lacticin SA72 was in the region of 3-3.5 kDa, determined by SDS-PAGE.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.617-623
• /
• 2006

In order to achieve an oriental lacquer (OL) film with a thick consistency, UV-curable silicone acrylate (SA) was added to OL by a dual curing process. The addition of 5 wt% UV-curable SA to the OL fomulation enabled the preparation via a single drying step of a $77{\mu}m-thick$ film exhibiting excellent surface properties. FTIR-ATR was used to investigate the effect of UV-curable SA on the behavior of film formation during curing, and the relaxation behavior of the produced films was investigated by dielectric spectroscopy. Dielectric properties were measured in the frequency range $10^{-2}-10^5\;Hz$ at various temperatures between -100 and $200^{\circ}C$. The results demonstrated that OL modified by UV-curable SA has a higher glass transition temperature and stronger secondary relaxation at a lower temperature than the conventional OL system. The OL film modified with UV-curable SA was presumed to be harder at the surface and tougher than conventional OL film.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.259-265
• /
• 2004

Objective; This study was designed to investigate the effect of Sa-am acupuncture and Arctii Fructus water extract on Post-herpetic Neuralgia. Method: We have treated them with acupuncture treatment of Sa-am acupuncture and Arctii Fructus water extract and evaluated the effect by Pain Rating Score(P.R.S.) and Visual Analogue Scale(V.A.S.) scale. Result: Before theraphy, the grades of Song's scale were P.R.S. 80 and V.A.S. 100, Kim's sclae's P.R.S. 77 and V.A.S. 100. After theraphy, the grades of song's scale were P.R.S. 5 and V.A.S. 10, Kim's scales's P.R.S. 10 and V.A.S. 10 Conclusion: The treatment of Sa-am-acupuncture and Arctii Fructus water extract on Post-herpetic Neuralgia was effective and will be attempted to the patients with it.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1995년도 한국우주과학회보 제4권2호
• /
• pp.26-26
• /
• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제63권6호
• /
• pp.698-706
• /
• 2020

Objective : To study the physiochemical characteristics of podophyllotoxin (PPT) conjugated stearic acid grafted chitosan oligosaccharide micelle (PPT-CSO-SA), and evaluate the ability of the potential antineoplastic effects against glioma cells. Methods : PPT-CSO-SA was prepared by a dialysis method. The quality of PPT-CSO-SA including micellar size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release profiles was evaluated. Glioma cells were cultured and treated with PPT and PPT-CSO-SA. The ability of glioma cells to uptake PPT-CSO-SA was observed. The proliferation of glioma cells was determined by 3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptosis and morphology of U251 cells were observed by 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) dye staining. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The migration ability of U251 cells was determined by wound healing test. Results : PPT-CSO-SA had nano-level particle size and sustained release property. The encapsulation efficiency of drug reached a high level. The cellular uptake percentage of PPT in glioma cells was lower than that of PPT-CSO-SA (p<0.05). The inhibitory effect of PPT-CSO-SA on glioma cells proliferation was significantly stronger than that of PPT (p<0.05). The morphologic change of apoptosis cell such as shrinkage, karyorrhexis and karyopyknosis were observed. The percentage of U251 cells in G2/M phase increased significantly in the PPT-CSO-SA group compared with PPT group (p<0.05). Compared with the PPT group, the cell migration ability of the PPT-CSO-SA group was significantly inhibited after 12 and 24 hours (p<0.05). Conclusion : PPT-CSO-SA can effectively enhance the glioma cellular uptake of drugs, inhibit glioma cells proliferation and migration, induce G2/M phase arrest of them, and promote their apoptosis. It may be a promising anti-glioma nano-drug.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2019

Background: Winged scapular (WS) causes muscle imbalance with abnormal patterns when moving the arm. In particular, the over-activation of the upper trapezius (UT) and decrease in activity of the lower trapezius (LT) and serratus anterior (SA) produce abnormal scapulohumeral rhythm. Therefore, the SA requires special attention in all shoulder rehabilitation programs. In fact, many previous studies have been devoted to the SA muscle strength training needed for WS correction. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shoulder girdle muscle and ratio according to the angle of shoulder abduction and external weight in supine position. Methods: Twenty three WS patients participated in this experiment. They performed scapular protraction exercise in supine position with the weights of 0 kg, 1 kg, 1.5 kg, and 2 kg at shoulder abduction angles of $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. The angle and weight applications were randomized. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to collect the EMG data of the SA, pectoralis major (PM), and UT during the exercise. The ratio of PM/SA and UT/SA was confirmed. Two-way repeated analyses of variance were used to determine the statistical significance of SA, PM, and UT and the ratios of PM/SA and UT/SA. Results: There was a significant difference in SA according to angle (p<.05). Significant differences were also identified depending on the angle and weight (p<.05). The angle of abduction at $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and weight of 2 kg showed the highest SA activity. However, there was no significant difference between PM and UT (p>.05). There was a significant difference between PM/SA and UT/SA in ratio of muscle activity according to angle (p<.05). Significant differences were found at PM/SA angles of $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ (p<.05). For UT/SA, significant difference was only observed at $90^{\circ}$ (p<.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, in order to strengthen the SA, it was found to be most effective to use 1 and 1.5 kg weights with abduction angles of $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ at shoulder protraction in supine position.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제4권
• /
• pp.132-140
• /
• 1986

시판(市販) 사료첨가제(飼料添加劑)에 대한 미생물학적(微生物學的) 오염정도(汚染程度)를 알아보기 위하여 국내(國內)에서 판매(販賣)되고 있는 비타민과 횡물질(鐄物質) 사료첨가제(飼料添加劑) 36개(個) 품목(品目) 총(總) 81례(例)의 시료(試料)를 시험(供試)하여 일반세균(一般細菌) 및 대장균군(大腸菌群)의 오염상태(汚染狀態)를 검사(檢査)하고 아울러 시료(試料)로부터 분리(分離)한 83주(株)의 대장균군(大腸菌群)에 대한 Am등(等) 8종(種)의 항균성낙제(抗菌性樂劑)에 대한 내성빈도(耐性頻度) 및 내성정도(耐性程道)를 파악하였으며 내성균(耐性菌)에 있어서는 내성양상(耐性樣相)과 R plasmid의 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 성적(成績)을 얻었다. 일반세균(一般細菌)은 시료(試料) 81례(例) 모두 양성(陽性)이었으며 대장균군(大腸菌群)은 81례중(例中) 14례(例)(17.3%) 에서만 양성(陽性)이었다. 일반세균수(一般細菌數)의 분포(分布)는 g당(當) 10미만에서부터 1,400,000까지 다양(多樣)하였으며 그 중(中) 100~1,000/g이 34례(例)(42%)로 가장 많았고 대장균군(大腸菌群)에 있어서는 일반세균(一般細菌)의 오염도(汚染度)가 높을수록 분리율(分離率)이 높았으며 총(總) 18개(個) 제조회사중(製造會社中) 6개사(個社)(33.3%)의 제품(製品)에서 양성(陽性)이었다. 공시균(供試菌) 83주중(株中) 41주(株)(49.4%)가 fecal coliform이었다. 공시균(供試菌)에 대한 약제별(藥劑別) 내성균출현율(耐性菌出現率)은 sulfadimethoxine (Sa)에 대해 92.8%로 가장 높았고 다음으로 streptomycin (Sm)에 67.5%, tetracycline (Tc)에 50.6%, kanamycin (Km)에 26.5%, chloramphenicol(Cm)에 18.1%, ampicillin(Am)에 15.7% 순(順)이었으며 nalidixic acid(Na)와 gentamicin (Gm)에는 전주(全株)가 감수성(感受性)이었고 각공시(各供試) 약제(藥劑)에 있어서 non-fecal coliform에 비하여 fecal coliform의 내성균출현율(耐性菌出現率)이 높았다. 공시균(供試菌)의 최소발육저지농도(最小發育沮止濃度)(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) 분포(分布)는 Am 및 Km에 대하여 MIC가 $3,200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 이상(以上)인 고도(高度)의 내성(耐性)을 가진 균(菌)이 각각(各各) 7주(株) 및 3주(株)이었으나 대부분의 내성균(耐性菌)은 그 MIC가 $25{\mu}g/m{\ell}$이었고, Cm, Sm 및 Tc에 대한 내성균(耐性菌)의 대부분은 $25{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$의 범위(範圍)이었다. 공시균(供試菌) 83주중(株中) 79주(株)(95.2%)가 공시(供試)한 약제(藥劑) 1종(種) 이상(以上)에 내성(耐性)을 가졌으며 내성형별(耐性型別)로는 SaSm 내성형(耐性型) 및 Sa 단제내성형(單劑耐性型)이 각각(各各) 12주(株)(14.5%)로 가장 많았고 다음으로 SaSmTc형(型) 10주(株)(12%), SaSmTcKm형(型) 7주(株)(8.4%), SaTc형(型) 7주(株)(8.4%) 및 SaSmKm형(型) 6주(株)(7.2%)의 순(順)이었으며 총(總) 19종(種)의 내성형(耐性型)이 관찰되었다. 내성전달시험(耐性傳達試驗) 결과(結果) 내성균(耐性菌) 79주중(株中) 32주(株)(40.5%)가 전달성(傳達性) R plasmid를 보유(保有)하고 있었으며 다제내성균(多劑耐性菌)일수록 내성전달률(耐性傳達率)이 높았다. 공시(供試) 약제별(藥劑別) 내성전달빈도(耐性傳達頻度)는 Am (100%) 및 Cm (80%)에서 매우 높고, 다음으로 Tc (38.1%), Sa (18.2%), Sm (17.9%) 및 Km (4.5%)의 순(順)이었다.