• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.253-260
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• 2005

Recently, the storms which hit Korean Peninsula are getting bigger, and the damages from the storms are wide spreaded. Thus, and approach with disaster prebention to offshore area and/or opened island area is neccessary. The existing wave design parameter was calculated with linear regular wave models inputting deep water design wave or wind sources. so it wasn't able to deal with wind-induced waves, interactions with waves, and redistribution of wave energy simultaneously. In this study, we made numerical simulation with SWAN(Simulation Waves Nearshore) Model which can consider development of waves and winds and their interference. The result from this model shows much different with those from existing model's. so the result from this study, especially in this modeling area, could be used for harbor design and coastal disaster prevention field in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.959-964
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• 2013

This study materialized the new module which enables to measure more precise data than the existing modules in order to examine the cardiac disorder critical patient's state by using Swan-Ganz Catheter. There was bolus type CO(Cardiac Output) module which measured CO by measuring the blood changes in temperature and recovery time by injecting cold sap into the heart in the past, but recently, it is not used in most of hospitals due to limit of difficulty of continuous monitoring for the patients. To overcome this limit, the continuous cardiac output measurement platform was materialized to enable the continuous monitoring for patients. The wasted cost issues because of introducing the expensive imported equipment to observe the critical patient`s state with abnormal cardiopulmonary function in the hospitals can be solved by using this new module, and the problem of existing modules should be supplemented for more accurate diagnosis by collecting more precise data.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1996

This experiment was canied out to determine the effect of cultivar, harvest date and drying method on the changes of moisture content and quality of spring harvest oat(Avena sativa L.) hay. Disign of the experiment was a spilt-split-plot arrangement with early and late cultivars as main plots, early and late harvest dates as sub-plots, and drying agent and tedding as sub-subplots in three replications. Moisture content of early harvest oat was higher than that of late harvest oat by 127.1% dry weight(DW) in 'Swan' and 39.8%DW in 'Foothill'. Moisture content difference between 'Foothill' and 'Swan' was 117.6%DW at early and 204.9%DW at late harvest dates, respectively. Cultivar effect on moisture content of cut oat was higher at late harvest date, but drying method effect was higher at early harvest. Total nitrogen content of early harvest was higher than that of late harvest by 0.70% and that of 'Foothill' was higher than that of 'Swon' by 0.86%. But no difference in total nitrogen content was found between the drying method. ADF and NDF contents were increased at late harvest by 29% and 1 I%, respectively(P<0.05). ADF and NDF contents of 'Swan' were higher than those of 'Foothill' by 2.8% and 4.5%, respectively. No difference in ADF and NDF contents was obtained by drying methods. RFV of early harvest oat hay was 95.1 and 103.8 for 'Swan' and 'Foothill' but late harvest 'Swan' and 'Foothill' showed 74.8 and 85.0, respectively.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.685-691
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• 2016

Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) that parasitize the globally threatened swan goose Anser cygnoides have been long recognized since the early 19th century, but those records were probably biased towards sampling of captive or domestic geese due to the small population size and limited distribution of its wild hosts. To better understand the lice species parasitizing swan geese that are endemic to East Asia, we collected chewing lice from 14 wild geese caught at 3 lakes in northeastern Mongolia. The lice were morphologically identified as 16 Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius, 1805), 11 Ornithobius domesticus Arnold, 2005, and 1 Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus, 1758). These species are known from other geese and swans, but all of them were new to the swan goose. This result also indicates no overlap in lice species between older records and our findings from wild birds. Thus, ectoparasites collected from domestic or captive animals may provide biased information on the occurrence, prevalence, host selection, and host-ectoparasite interactions from those on wild hosts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.127-128
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• 2007

파랑이 외해로부터 연안으로 내습하면서 발생되는 파랑 변형, 즉, 굴절, 회절, 천수 그리고 쇄파 동에 의한 변형을 일으킨다. 이러한 파랑변형을 일으키는 주된 물리적 인자는 수심의 변화이지만 태풍과 같은 강한 바람이 부는 해역에서는 바람인자를 반드시 고려해야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 바람효과가 고려된, 에너지 스펙트럼 모형 (SWAN; Simulating WAve Nearshore) 을 이용한 수치실험을 수행하였다. 그리고 해석해 및 Karlsson 모형에 대한 수치 해와 비교를 통해 모델의 검증을 실시하였다. 또한 부산항 설 해역을 대상으로 태풍 매미 내습 시 입사 파랑 조건을 적용하였으며 실제 관측 치와 바람효과의 유무에 따른 수치 계산치를 비교한 결과, 바람효과를 고려한 계산결과가 실제 관측치와의 양호한 일치를 나타내었다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.266-274
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• 2017

We surveyed the habitat use and food materials of the endangered Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides) during the wintering period at the Seocheon tidal flat. The bird wintered about six months from October 2014 to early April 2015 at the flat. They showed a remarkable change in choosing their feeding habitat and prey. They stayed entirely at sedge grass patches on Songrim tidal flat during the early wintering period (October), while after November they gradually moved to Janggu bay and used rice paddy fields as well as sedge patches on the tidal flats as their feeding site. The dietary analysis showed the sedge grass (Bolboschoenus sp., Cyperaceae) was the main dietary source during the entire wintering period. Interestingly, the proportion of Cyperaceae on feces decreased slightly over wintering time, while the proportion of Fabaceae increased relatively since November. These results suggest that the Swan Geese switched their habitat and food sources in response to the change of food availability. The Seocheon tidal flat area is the important wintering site for Swan Geese and sedge grass patches in the area need to be managed as the main feeding area for the wintering Swan Geese.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2004

Long-term wave distribution at Jeju sea is investigated by a numerical simulation based on the thirdgeneration wave model SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore). The Jeju sea which retains relatively high wave energy density among Korean coastal regions is considered to be a suitable site for wave power generation and the efficiency of wave power generation is closely related to local wave characteristics. The monthly mean of a large-scale long-term wave data from 1979 to 2002, which is provided by Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute. is used as the boundary condition of SWAN model simulation with 1km grid. An analysis of wave distribution concentrates on the seasonal variation and spatial distribution of significant wave heights, mean wave directions and mean wave periods. Significant wave heights are higher in winter and summer and the west sea of Jeju appears relatively higher than east's. The highest significant wave height occurs at the northeast sea in winter and the second highest significant wave height appears at the southeast sea in summer, while the significant wave heights in spring and autumn are relatively low but homogeneous. The distribution of wave directions reveals that except the rear region influenced by wave refraction, the northwest wave direction is dominant in summer and the southeast in winter. Wave periods are longer in summer and winter and the west sea of Jeju appears relatively longer than east's. The longest wave period occurs at the west sea in winter, and in summer it appears relatively homogeneous with a little longer period at the south sea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.308-315
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• 2009

Wave-current interaction due to strong ambient currents causes to alter wave properties such as wave height, wave profile and wave spectrum. In this study we first examined the SWAN model's applicability by comparing with an analytical solution of Suh et al. (1994) for wave-current interaction in finite water-depth. Numerical experiments using SWAN model have been conducted for Garolim Bay to estimate the design waveheights influenced by strong tidal currents. For the design wave periods of 8~10 sec, the design wave height of 3 m in NNW direction was increased by up to 40% when the incident waves encounter the opposing currents of 1.4 m/s while the wave height was reduced by 26% due to the following currents of 1.1 m at the bay mouth. This result indicates that the effect of wave-current interaction must be included to determine the design wave height if there exists a strong current.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2007

Shallow water waves are hindcasted from sea wind fields, which include wave transformations such as shoaling, refraction, diffraction, reflection and wave breaking. In case of estimating sea wind field in shallow water, the sea wind revised from free wind obtained by the typhoon model is widely used. However, this method is not able to consider the effect of land topography on the wind field, which will be important factor for shallow water wave forecasting and hindcasting. In this study, therefore, the effect of land topography on sea wind field in shallow water is investigated for shallow water wave forecasting and hindcasting with high accuracy. The 3-D MASCON model is introduced to consider the influence of land topography on the wind field. And, for two areas divided by the topographical characteristics, i.e. shielded and opened coastal areas, sea wind field is examined by comparison between initial wind field by typhoon model and modified wind field by 3-D MASCON model. Finally, applying these sea wind fields to SWAN model, the results of shallow water wave calculated in shielded and opened coastal areas are compared, and, also, the effect of MASCON model on shallow water wave forecasting and hindcasting is discussed.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.86-99
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• 2010

Among Natural monument birds, a total of 11 species and 2,209 individuals were found in Nakdong river estuary from March 2007 to February 2008 including Eurasian Oystereacher (Haematopus ostralegus; No. 326), Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata; No.327), Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus; No.201-1), Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus; No.201-2), Black-faced Spoonbilll (Platalea minor; No.205-1), Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia ; No.205-2), Steller's Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus; No.243-3), White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla ; No.243-4), Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus; No.323-6), Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus; No.323-8) and Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides; No.325-1). Among the habitats for migratory birds in Korea, the Nakdong river estuary is the only place where more than 2,000 individuals of Whooper Swan(Cygnus cygnus) spend winter. Eulsukdo, Myeongji Flat and neighboring tidal flats (Myeonggeummeori, Baikhapdeung, Doyodeung, Jangjado, etc.) are major habitats for natural monument birds such as Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia ), Whooper Swan(Cygnus cygnus) and Swan Goose(Anser cygnoides). A colony of aquatic plants such as Common Bulrush(Scirpus triqueter) and Common Reed(Phragmites communis) serves as a feeding and resting place for birds in the Anatidae family including ducks, swans and geese. Plans for management and conservation of the habitats and the natural monument birds in Nakdong river estuary are as follows: minimization of water contamination, construction and management of aquatic plants habitats, protection of sandbanks, security of stable habitats, and consistent monitoring.