• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.57 no.8
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• pp.533-548
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• 2024

Due to climate change with extreme weather events, occurrences of unprecedented heavy rainfall have become more frequent. Since it is difficult to perfectly predict and prevent flood damages, the limitation of traditional prevention-centered approaches has come a issue. The concept of "resilience" has therefore been developed which emphasizes the ability to swiftly recover from damages to previous states or to even better conditions. In this study, we 1) developed a total of 20 domestic flood resilience indicators based on the 4R principles (Redundancy, Robustness, Rapidity, Resourcefulness), 2) conducted applicability evaluations targeting specific disaster-prone areas, and 3) assessed the importance of each indicator through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis with flood-related experts. To confirm the suitability of the developed flood resilience indicators, multicollinearity analysis was performed, and the results indicated that all 20 indicators had tolerance limits above 0.1 and Variance Inflation Factors (VIF) below 10, demonstrating suitability as factors. Furthermore, evaluations of proposed indicators were carried out targeting disaster-prone areas in 2022(21 areas), and AHP analysis was utilized to determine the relative importance of each indicator. The analysis revealed that the importance of each indicator was as follows: Robustness 0.46, Rapidity 0.22, Redundancy 0.17, and Resourcefulness 0.16, with Robustness exhibiting the highest importance. Regarding the sub-indicators that had the greatest influence on each 4R component, river embankment maintenance emerged as the most influential for Robustness, healthcare services for Rapidity, fiscal autonomy of local governments for Resourcefulness, and drainage facilities for Redundancy.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.270-278
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• 1992

The effect of Ni-rich phase on the stress-rupture properties of Ni mlcroalloyed W were studied using direct load creep tester at 100$0^{\circ}C$, 110$0^{\circ}C$, and 120$0^{\circ}C$ in $H_2.$ The stress rupture strength of 100hrs. of W-0.4wt% Ni was 43% higher at 100$0^{\circ}C$ and 35% higher at 110 $0^{\circ}C$than that of W-0.2wt% Ni due to the larger initial grain size, the higher relative density and the higher grain growth during test. That of W-0.8wt% Ni was 90% higher at 100$0^{\circ}C$ and 60% higher at 110$0^{\circ}C$ than that of W-0.2wt% Ni. The activation energy of W-0.4wt% Ni for creep was 81.3 Kcal/mole. It was considered that creep deformation was controlled by the diffusion of W in the Ni rich phase between the grains and the deformation of grains. All of the specimens showed intergranular fracture by grain boundary cavitation and growth of cavity throughout the entire spcimen cross-section.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.607-614
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the anticarcinogenic and antioxidative activities of Hemicentrotus pulacherrimus (HP). HP was extracted with methanol (HPM), which was then further fractionated into four sub-fractions by using the solvent partition method, affording methanol (HPMM), hexane (HPMH), butanol (HPMB) and aqueous (HPMA) soluble fractions. We determined the anticarcinogenic activities of these four fractions in four kinds of cancer cell lines, such as HepG2, HT29, MCF-7 and B16-F10, by MTT assay. Among various fractions from HPM, the HPMH showed the strongest growth inhibition effect. We also determined the inductive effect on quinone reductase (QR) of HP fractions. HPMB fraction exhibited strong inductive effects in HepG2 cells at a level of 90 ${\mu}g/ml$, showing inductive indexes of 2.26 compared to the control value of 1.0. The antioxidant activities of fractions from HP were also investigated by measuring the scavenging activities of HP against reactive oxygen speicies (ROS), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and NO. Among the various solvent fractions, HPMH fractions displayed marked antioxidative activities.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.1 s.93
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• pp.45-53
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• 2001

Transport of cyanobacterial toxins (microcystin-LR, -RR, -YR) were assessed from a eutrophic lake, Lake Suwa, through the outflowing river, the Tenryu River, and its irrigation channel branch. Temporal variation of phytoplankton species composition in the river coincided with those of the lake; Microcystis ichthyoblabe dominated from June to July, and M. viridis dominated from August to September. When cyanobacterial bloom occurred, microcystins were continuously detected at the concentration of $0.3{\sim}3.2\;{\mu}g/l$ even at 32 km downstream. The change of the content of three microcystin variants were related both with the total cell density of Microcystis and with the change of Microcystis species composition. When Microcystis ichthyoblabe dominated during July, only microcystin-RR (MC-RR) and -LR (MC-LR) were detected, while when Microcystis viridis dominated between August and October, microcystin-RR,-YR (MC -YR) and -LR were detected. Along 29 km flowing distance (flow time 11 hours) between site 2 and site 5 in the Tenryu River, cyanobacterial density and microcystin concentration were reduced by 73% and 72%, respectively, which is mostly contributed by the dilution effect of tributary waters (61% and 57%, respectively) . In the artificial irrigation channel microcystins and cyanobacterial cells were decreased less than in the natural river. The results indicate that cyanobacterial toxins can be transported far downstream without much removal and give hazards to water usage in downstream of eutrophic lakes with cyanobacterial blooms.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.93-102
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• 2013

Objectives: This study aims to research character of the patients with leukorrhea including Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) and symptoms associated with leukorrhea in view of Korean medicine theory. Methods: We studied 71 patients visiting ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean Hospital from April, 2012 to March, 2013. The subjects were categorized in two groups, leukorrhea group (n=40) and control group (n=31). We investigated the difference of DITI and other physical symptoms between two groups. Results: The average temperature of CV4 in leukorrhea group ($29.56{\pm}0.80^{\circ}C$) were significantly lower than that of control group ($30.12{\pm}0.54^{\circ}C$)(p<0.01). And there is no statistical difference of temperature of CV17 located in chest area between two groups. But temperature difference between CV17 and CV4 (${\Delt}T$) in leukorrhea group ($1.18{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$) is significantly higher than control group ($0.68{\pm}0.43^{\circ}C$)(p<0.01). There is no correlation between leukorrhea and some sypmtoms, like menorrhea, irregular menstruation, fatigue, constipation and loss of appetite. But leukorrhea group is more likely to suffer from dyspepsia and insomnia than control group. Conclusions: Leukorrhea group is related to lower temperature in lower abdomen than control group. And patients with leukorrhea are more likely to appear dyspepsia and insomnia than no leukorrhea group.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.603-614
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to classify latent profiles based on SNS addictive tendencies of married women and to examine the effects of age, adult attachment, extrinsic motivation of the fear of missing out and marriage satisfaction. A total of 300 married women who have been using SNS participated in this study. The result indicated that there were three latent profiles for SNS addictive tendencies of married women : (1) high-risk group (2) potential-risk group (3) low-risk group. The high-risk group had high scores in all sub-areas (obsession and withdrawal symptoms, over-communication and immersion, over-consumption). The high-risk group accounted for 24.51% of the total and the potential-risk group was 44.33%, which had the highest proportion of them. While attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, extrinsic motivation of the fear of missing out, and marriage satisfaction were significant determinants of latent profiles, age was not. This study divided groups according to the characteristics of married women's SNS addiction tendencies and provided implications for counseling and education according to group characteristics, and discussed the need for various research through the development of standardized SNS addiction scale for married women.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.231-247
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify how character education activities utilizing picture books affect pro-social behaviors of young children. The subjects were 46 children aged 5 who attended private child care centers in G city. The children were allocated to either the experiment group or the control group. The data were collected for 12 weeks and the activity sessions were provided to the experiment group 3 times a week (36 times in total). The sessions consisted of an integrated approach toward character education. Therefore, various activities were included such as listening to the stories of picture books, discussion, drama, language activities, music, mathematics, science and games. The findings of this study were as follows: The experiment group which experienced character education utilizing picture books has significantly improved their pro-social behaviors compared to the control group. The approach positively influenced the overall sub-variables such as leadership, helping, communication, initiative consideration, approach trial, sharing, empathy, and emotional control. The character education activities should be applied to character education utilizing picture books for young children because they let young children experience building up trust and learn social attitude, and influenced increase of pro-social behaviors on young children.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.496-505
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• 1996

Soil respiration was measured every two weeks from May through November 1995 using the soda lime method in 40-Year-old Pinus rigida and Larix leptolepis plantations on a similar soil in Yangpyeong, Kyonggi Province. Treatments included control and no-roots(plots trenched and root regrowth into plots prevented). Root respiration was evaluated by comparing no-roots sub-plots to control plots. Mean soil respiration showed highly significant species effects(p<0.01) and was highest at the Pinus rigida control plot($0.38g/m^2/hr$) and lowest at the Larix leptolepis no-roots plot($0.31g/m^2/hr$). High soil respiration in Pinus rigida may be related to aboveground litter production. The annual $CO_2$ fluxes ranged from 23 to 27t/ha/yr. We found significant correlations between temperatures(air : $R^2$=0.53, soil : $R^2$=0.55) and soil respiration(p<0.01), but no significant correlations between soil moisture and soil respiration(p>0.1). Root respiration was 3% of total soil respiration. We might underestimate rapt respiration because of shallow trenches and $CO_2$measurements right after trenching. Factors controlling soil respiration including belowground litterfall(especially fine roots) inputs, litter quality should be well understood to predict soil carbon fluxes and relative contributions to total soil respiration in forest ecosystems.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.628-635
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• 2015

For the purpose of investigating the effect of evaluation on career support by the college and career exploration efficacy of dental hygiene students on the career exploration behavior, a survey was conducted in December 2014 with students of dental hygiene at universities located in Ulsan and Daegu as subjects. In the result, correlation was found among sub-factors of evaluation on career support by the college, career exploration efficacy, and career exploration behavior. Increase of career exploration efficacy (${\beta}=0.702$, p<0.001), practical career support (${\beta}=0.165$, p<0.05), and relationship establishment efficacy (${\beta}=0.152$, p<0.05) led to increase of career exploration behavior, while increase of individual exploration efficacy (${\beta}=.0.242$, p<0.001) led to decrease of career exploration efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to build appropriate value system related to job seeking, conduct active discussions to increase relationship establishment efficacy by using interpersonal relationship reinforcement program, and expand career support program by the college.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2003

Objective : Clomiphene citrate is one of the most commonly used drugs in the treatment of infertility, but the pregnancy rate achieved with clomiphene citrate is significantly lower than the ovulation rate due to its antiestrogenic effect on the endometrium. Endometrial prolactin is considered to be a marker and an inducer of predecidualization that is characteristic of secretory endometrium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of clomiphene citrate and unsatisfactory endometrial differentiation to secretory endometrium by examining the endometrial expression of prolactin in clomiphene citratetreated infertile women with luteal phase defect. Methods : The endometrial samples from infertile women with luteal phase defect (n=27) were examined. Five cases during secretory phase and six cases during proliferative phase were obtained by biopsy. Sixteen cases were obtained by biopsy during secretory phase after clomiphene citrate treatment. By immunohistochemical staining for prolactin, all obtained endometrial tissues were examined. The differences in the endometrial expression of prolactin were evaluated between proliferative phase and secretory phase, and between clomiphene citrate treated group and no treatment group during secretory phase. Results: The staining of endometrial prolactin was significantly more intense in the glandular epithelial cells and stromal cells in the secretory endometrium than in the proliferative endometrium. The glandular expression of prolactin in the secretory endometrium was not significantly different between the clomiphene citrate-treated group and no treatment group (p=0.719), but the staining of prolactin in the stromal cells was significantly less intense in the clomiphene citrate-treated group than no treatment group (p=0.019). Conclusion: In this investigation, we demonstrated that the endometrial stromal expression of prolactin in the secretory phase was significantly lower in the clomiphene citrate-treated group campared with no treatment group in infertile women with luteal phase defect. And our finding suggests that clomiphene citrate may have an adverse effect on the endometrial predecidualization in infertile women.