• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.52-76
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• 2000

19세기초반부터 20세기 중반까지의 시기를 다루었던 이전 논문에 이어서, 본 논문에서는 20세기 후반기 동안 STS 관련 아이디어들이 영국의 과학교육에서 어떻게 역사적으로 발전해 왔는가를 살펴보았다. 미국에서와 마찬가지로, 1950-60년에는 영국에서도 Nuffield 프로젝트와 같은 많은 수의 학문중심 과학 교육 프로그램들이 등장하였다. 하지만, 1970년대에 들어서면서 이에 대한 비판들이 점차 제기되었고 당시의 경향을 수정하고자 하였던 주목할만한 시도들이 이루어졌다. 예컨대, SCISP는, 비록 그것의 주된 관심이 통합과학적 접근을 도입하고자 하는 것이었지만, 과학과 사회 사이의 관련성이 갖는 중요성을 보여주는 성공적인 계기가 되었다. 이어서, Science in Society와 SISCON-in-Schools와 같은 진정한 STS 프로그램을 위한 보다 야심찬 시도들이 이루어졌다. 이 두 프로젝트는 시기적으로 거의 동시에 개발되었으며 교과서가 아닌 모듈의 형태로 개발되었다. 하지만, Science in Society는 과학의 응용과 산업적 측면에 보다 관심을 집중시켰던 반면, SISCON-in-Schools는 과학의 역사적, 철학적, 사회적 측면들에 보다 많은 관심을 쏟았다. 1980년대에는 보다 큰 규모의 STS 프로그램을 개발하고자 하였던 훨씬 더 야심적인 시도들이 이루어졌는데, 그 대표적인 예가 Salters' 프로젝트와 SATIS였다. 이 두 가지의 프로그램들은 모두 ASE의 적극적인 협조 아래에 개발되었으며, 곧 전세계에서 대표적으로 인정받는 STS적 접근의 예가 되었다. 이 두 프로그램은 많은 유사점에도 불구하고, Salters'는 보다 적용-중심 및 과목-중심의 교과서 형태이었던 반면, SATIS는 보다 사회적 쟁점-중심의 모듈 형태의 것이었다. 한편, 학교 과학교육에서의 STS적 접근의 역사에 대한 본 연구는 각 STS 프로그램들이 상이한 사회적 배경 하에서 개발되었고 학교 과학교육의 목표에 대한 상이한 관점을 지닌 사람들에 의해 주도되었으며 또한 STS적 접근이 20세기 마지막 시기에만 나타난 독특한 특징은 아니었음을 보여준다. 마지막으로 지난 20세기 동안 영국에서 개발되었던 대표적인 STS 프로그램들에 대한 배경정보에 상대적인 특징의 비교를 정리하였으며 연구의 일반적인 결론과 그 시사점에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.451-458
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 초 중등학교의 전 교과에서 다루어진 식물 학습 소재의 다양성을 조사 분석하여 과학 교과서(생물영역)의 식물 학습 소재의 개발 방향성을 모색하고자 하였다. 분석에 사용된 교과서는 초등학교 9교과 143권, 중학교 13교과 117권, 고등학교 15교과 71권 등 총 331권이다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 초 중등학교 전 교과의 학교 급간별 식물의 종 수는 초등학교 264종, 중학교 295종, 고등학교 283종으로 과학교과서(생물영역)의 103종, 206종, 193종보다 많다. 타 교과에 식물의 종 수가 많다는 것은 식물 학습 내용도 많이 포함하고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 2. 초 중등학교에서 식물 학습 소재가 많이 나타난 타 교과는 국어, 사회, 실과(실업 가정)로 단순한 식물 인용뿐만 아니라 과학 개념 및 탐구 활동을 내포하고 있다. 식물 학습 소재는 과학 교육 과정뿐 아니라 학교 교육 과정에서 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 3. 타 교과에서 인용되는 식물 학습 소재의 특징은 주변 식물, 자원 식물, 식용 식물, 관상 식물, 산업에 관련된 식물 등 유용성 있는 생활 관련 식물이다. 4. 과학과 생활과의 관계를 인식하여 타 교과의 식물학습 소재를 과학 교과(생물영역)의 식물 소재 개발에 적용한다면 STS 교육 및 통합 교과의 근거를 제공해 줄 수 있다고 본다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the trunk motion and knee joint moment during deep stand to sit and sit to stand according to the trunk weight increase. These experimental subjects were 9 males, who had no skeletal muscular disease. They were performed a SATS(stand to sit), STS(sit to stand) according to the trunk weight increase. Trunk weight increase were classified into 4 bearing trunk weight of 0%, 8%, 16%, 24% of the subject' weight. 1-way(4) RM ANOVA is applied to get the difference of trunk displacement movements and knee joint moments according to he trunk weight increase. significant level of each experiment is set as $\alpha$=.05. 1. Significant difference was classified into 3 bearing trunk weight of 0%, 16%, 24% in maximum forward backward displacement of trunk COM(center of mass). Significant difference was classified into 4 bearing trunk weight of 0%, 8%, 16%, 24% in maximum upward downward displacement of trunk COM during the SATS, STS. 2. Significant difference was classified into 4 bearing trunk weight of 0%, 8%, 16%, 24% in maximum extension knee joint moment. Significant difference was classified into 2 bearing trunk weight of 0%, 16% in maximum internal rotation knee joint moment during the SATS, STS. Therefore we expect that biomechanical model of this study will used to study for mechanical characteristics of obese people.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the 12-week horse riding exercise effect on the locomotion of a body and bilateral balance and flexion/extension of trunk during the sit-to-stand(STS) in elementary and middle school students. One-hundred eleven participants were divided into three groups. Each group was subject to a different horse riding exercise: control group(n = 36), 1 time/week group(n=37), and 3 times/week group(n=38). Two-way repeated ANOVA was used to compare weight transfer time(WTT), trunk flexion velocity(TFV), trunk extension velocity(TEV), mean rising index(MRI), mean weight asymmetry( MWA) among the groups, and STS changes in before and after 12 weeks. There was a group interaction in WTT, TFV, TEV, MRI, and MWA with different responses to horse riding exercise participation. There was a significant increase in 1 time/week group and 3 times/week group of WTT, TFV, TEV, and MRI. Additionally, MWA(an index of a capacity for bilateral balance) in lower extremity was decreased in 3 times/week group. It seems that horse riding exercise positively affected musculoskeletal function of the trunk and lower extremity by accelerating locomotion and bilateral balance.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze elementary school teachers' implementation for the emphasis on the revision, major contents, teaching and learning method, and evaluation in the 2009 revised national science curriculum. To fulfill the purpose of this study we carried out a survey with 222 elementary school teachers. Main findings of this research were as follows: First, they highly agreed to the increase in class hours and the application of subject classroom, but they had a lower recognition for setting the subject groups. Second, the degree of necessity in discussion and STS was relatively high, but the degree of implementation in science writing, discussion and STEAM was low. Third, in teaching and learning method, they showed a high performance for mutual cooperation, student-led activities and communication, but, a low implementation for open inquiry and instruction considering individual differences. Fourth, in the evaluation of science learning, they showed a high implementation for evaluation based on achievement standards and one based on the understanding and application of basic concepts, but, a low implementation for the development of common evaluation tools. Fifth, it seemed that their recognition for amount, level and interest of science contents and inquiry activities was appropriate and positive.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to develop a data base system for the information on research and development of science education. As the first step of this study and development, a classification system for the research and development materials was devised after discussing the process of science education and the research and development of science education. The classification system has nine main categories : 1. area, 2. subject, 3. behavior, 4. skill, 5. support, 6. type, 7. materials, 8. language, and 9. the others, each of which has one or two levels of subcategory. This classification system was revised and supplemented through the theoretical analysis by speci.diSts and the practical classification of master's theses and doctoral dissertations from the Department of Science Education, Seoul National University. But it still needs more revision and enlargement through the continuous application and analysis.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.210-218
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• 1993

Scientific literacy for all became a new goal and introducing STS issues into science curriculum shows new trends in science education. The educational importance of natural environment of a region is increasing because it can serve as a vehicle to meet the new goal and trends of science education. The opportunity to learn about Korean natural environment in schools was investigated. The characteristics and unique patterns of Korean natural environment are not well reflected in the intended curriculum. School teachers mostly believe that education of Korean natural environment will greatly contribute to the students' learning of the subject matter they teach and environmental problems. However, they have limited opportunity to teach Korean natural environment. Various elective courses dealing with our natural environment should be provided in schools, especially for non-science majors. Out-of-school activities and facilities for Korean natural environment should be made available.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.481-484
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• 2000

Practical structures are subject not only to tension but also to shear and torsional loading. Even under uniaxial loading, when the load is not perpendicular to the crack plane, mixed mode crack can occur. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the fatigue behavior under mixed mode loading. In this study, the propagation behavior of the fatigue crack of the STS304 steels under mixed mode loading condition was investigated. The mode I and II stress intensity factors of CTS specimen were calculated using elastic finite element method with experimental results. The fatigue crack propagation under mixed mode was evaluated by the effective stress intensity factor proposed by Tanaka.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.330-343
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate into common science and Science-Technology-Society education movement which are concerned in newly reformed 6th curriculum. These data were obtained by the survey of 291 high school science teachers who have no experience for the workshop of the common science in Kwangju city and 120 high school science teachers who have experience for the workshop of the common science in Kwangju city and Chollanamdo. The results were as follows: 1) They responded that the physics is more closely subject for the common science and thereby it could be charged for the common science by teacher of physics. 2) The 96.90 percent of the respondents (B-group) have confidence with teaching common science subject. 3) They favored that a device for the application of STS Thoughts is added last part of each chapter, last chapter or adequately introduce to each teaching. 4) They are not concerned about overlap with the contents of common science and each science contents (A-group:74.58 percent, B-group:78.35 percent). 5) They wondered about the various items of teaching and the lack of scientific surrounding Knowledge for solving problems. 6) They responded that if the common science are implicated into the current high school, the sciences will become a interesting. 7) Before the common science have become established, they was demanded a improvement of currently University Entrance Examination systems.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.192-199
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• 2003

The Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education has been developed in both quantitative and qualitative aspects during twenty years since first published year 1983. This study was intended to survey the research trend of the journals, which has been published so far. It will give an orientation of science education research and suggestions towards research to improve science education. The 243 articles of the journals, which were published from 1983 to 2002 by Korean Elementary Science Education Society, were classified into 7 categories including science teaching, science learning, assessment in science, science teacher education, science curriculum, educational facilities & materials, and general science education. The results are as follows: 1. The articles published last decade are increased four times compared with the first decade. 2. The half of articles published so far concentrated on science teaching and learning. The articles on educational facilities & materials or general science education are few. 3. During the last decade, the articles on science teacher education, educational facilities & materials, assessment in science, and science learning relatively increased than the first decade. The number of articles on science curriculum was fluctuated every five years. 4. Most of articles were focused on the narrow subject areas. For example, the articles on science teaching, science learning, assessment in science, science teacher education, science curriculum, and educational facilities & materials were largely focused on the teaching strategies, pupils' conception, affective assessment and teaching practice survey, teachers' appreciation about the nature of science or instruction, analysis of science textbooks, development of the experimental materials or the audiovisual aids respectively. 5. The subject areas highlighted so far in science education, for example, inquiry or experimental activities, STS instruction, environmental education, gifted education, instruction with multimedia, problem-solving or reasoning, experimental skill assessment, etc. were not much researched.