• 상하수도학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.112-123
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• 1997

The Anyang stream is one of the Han river in Seoul Metropolitan area. It is 35.1km long, has a basin area of $282.26km^2$ and touches seven cities of Kyounggido and some of Seoul Metropolitan area. The situations of Anyang stream have resulted in severe stream water pollution problems. The purpose of this study were to measure the hydraulic characteristics and water quality, to make the countermeasures to achieve the stream water quality, to suggest the future conditions to improve water quality trough the Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modal(WASP4). As the result of Anyang stream water quality forecsat, they are follows. Sewerage systems in the watershed of the Anyang stream have to be amended for wrong systemn and constructed in the upstream area of Anyang. The discharge of industrial wastewater has to be throughly controlled from the upstream area of the Anyang stream. Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model(WASP4) for this study revealed the future water quality of the Anyang stream by computer simulation.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2007

This study uses the SWAT model to analyze the characteristics of long-term runoff at the Ssang-cheon Basin located in the city of Sokcho, which is located in the province of Gangwon. The study considers the effect of snow packing and snow melting in a runoff simulation. In this simulation, the study examines the need to introduce a snow pack and snow melt model to evaluate the water resources of the mountainous region of the Gangwon province. The findings of this study indicate that the runoff hydrograph that was produced approximates the true measured flow when the effect of the snow pack and snow melt are considered, compared to when they are not factored in. The analysis of the flow duration curve indicates that the stream flow largely increases when the effect of the snow pack and snow melt are considered. The wet stream flow was shown to increase by nearly 3% due to the melting effect, while the normal stream flow, low stream flow and drought stream flow were shown to increase by slightly more than 10%. Specifically, it was found that as the stream flow decreases, the effect of the snow pack and snow melt on the stream flow increases.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.253-256
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• 1990

1989년 8월 강원도 양양군 현북면 광정천과 양양읍 남대천에서 잡은 은어에서 요꼬가와 흡충 피낭유충 감염상을 조사하였다. 광정천산 은어는 조사한 28마리 모두(100%)가 피낭유충 양성이었고 어체 마리당 89∼521개 (평균 224개), 어육 g당 12∼55개 (평균 22개)의 감염량을 나타내었으나, 남대천산 은어(6마리)에서는 피낭유충이 검출되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 강원도 양양군 현북면 지역이 요꼬가와흡충 유행지의 하나임을 확인하였다. Key words: Metagonimus yokogawai, metacercarial prevalence, sweetish, Kwangjung·stream, Namdae-stream, Yangyang·gun(Kangwon-do)

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2011

Rapid population growth and land use changes have severely degraded streams across the United States. In response, there has been a surge in the number of stream restoration projects, including stream restoration for mitigation purposes. Currently, most projects do not include evaluation and monitoring, which are critical in the success of stream restoration projects. The goal of this study is to review the current status of assessment methodologies and restoration approaches for streams in Virginia, with the aim of assisting the restoration community in making sound decisions. As part of the study, stream restoration projects data from a project in Fairfax County, Virginia was assessed. This review revealed that the stream assessment methodologies currently applied to restoration are visuallybased and do not include biological data collection and/or a method to incorporate watershed information. It was found from the case study that out of the twenty nine restoration projects that had occurred between 1995 and 2003 in Fairfax County, nineteen projects reported bank stabilization as a goal or the only goal, indicating an emphasis on a single physical component rather than on the overall ecological integrity of streams. It also turned out that only seven projects conducted any level of monitoring as part of the restoration, confirming the lack of evaluation and monitoring. However, Fairfax County has recently improved its stream restoration practices by developing and incorporating watershed management plans. This now provides one of the better cases that might be looked upon by stakeholders when planning future stream restoration projects.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2000

This study was carried out to introduce current status and development strategy for an environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider a methodology which could be effectively applied for the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. Since the end of 20th century, the native ecology and landscape of Japan remained only a limited areas such as stream side, water side and forest areas. Therefore, recently the works of forest conservation and erosion control of environmental restoration on stream side tended to increased. The strategic prospects of environmental restoration in Japan were summarized as follows : 1. From the ecological point of view, we have to develop a certain method and technology in construction of forest conservation and erosion control to prevent environmental problem from erosion control works. 2. We have to restore not only a continuity of stream side forest from a primitive area to an estuary but also the stream side forest to preserve and restore a stream side vegetation on a primitive watershed areas. 3. We have to improve a method of construction or removal of a structure which were constructed in the stream to restore a water side environment and an interaction system for an integration on a forest land, stream, and erosion control. Additionally, we have to establish an integrated evaluation method and an enforcement system after investigation of influences on natural environment, stream, and forest etc. 4. We have to conduct an integrated research to investigate the ecosystem of stream side, and construct environmentally friendly water park and erosion control park which considered natural environment and its landscape. Additionally, we need to introduce and adopt a natural style stream construction method to restore a water side areas.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.76-88
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• 1982

The stream morphological characteristics of a basin have important influence upon the analysis of runoff. In this study, the laws of stream morphology-the law of average stream fall and the law of least rate of potential energy expenditure-which were derived based on the analogy of entropy in thermodynamics are introduced and their validity is analysised with the data taken from the topographic maps covering the whole Geum River system. The first law is the Law of Average Stream Fall which states that under the dynamic equilibrium condition the ratio of average fall between any two different order stream in the same river basin in unity. The second law is the law of least rate of energy expenditure which states that all natural streams are intended to choose their own course of flow such that the rate of potential energy loss per unit mass of water this course is a minimum. The parameters representing the morphological characteristics of 13 tributaries in the Geum River system such as stream bifurcation ratio and stream concavity were Computed from the Horton-Strahler's laws and are used to check the law of average stream fall. The result showed that the law of average stream fall agrees reasonably well with law of Horton-Strahler. Concavity of a river basin is shown to be the determinative factor to the formation of a stream system. Concavity of a river basin is shown to be the determinative factor to the formation of a stream system. Based on Horton's Law and the law of average stream fall, longitudinal stream profiles can be calculated.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 하천 관리자들에게 하천의 자연성 증진의 중요성을 이해시키고, 하천을 자연스러운 상태로 되돌리는 과정에서 하천이 처한 상황에 대한 진단과 처방을 위한 하천자연도 평가 방법을 개발하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 하천의 자연도평가와 그 적용성의 확인을 위해 수로의 발달, 종방향, 횡방향, 하상구조, 저수로변 구조, 하천주변, 수질 등 7가지 자연도 평가기법의 항목을 제안하였다. 자연도평가를 위해 복하천을 대상하천으로 선정하였다. 복하천에서 자연도지수는 $2.2{\sim}3.8$정도였고, 평균지수는 3.1로 대부분이 3등급을 나타내었다. 7개 지수 중에서 횡단면이 가장 높은 등급이었고, 수로의 발달이 가장 낮은 등급이었다. 본 연구에서는 하천의 자연도 등급을 통해 하천의 자연성을 파악할 수 있었으며, 복원해야 할 하천의 선택과 훼손된 하천의 복원구간 및 방법을 결정할 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제12권4_1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1992

하천 수로망(水路網)의 수로길이와 본류(本流) 수로길이는 사용된 지형도(地形圖) 축척(縮尺)에 따라 각각 다른 값을 나타내며, 이와 같은 지형도상(地形圖上)의 수로길이는 Fractal로 간주할 수 있다. 수로망(水路網)의 하천길이와 본류(本流) 수로길이를 Horton 법칙을 적용함으로써 유역면적비(Ra)만의 함수로 나타내어, 수로망(水路網)의 하천길이에 관한 Fractal Dimension(D)와 본류(本流) 수로길이에 관한 Fractal Dimension(d)를 길이의 비(比)($R_L$)과 유역면적비(比)($R_a$)의 함수로 각각 유도하였다. 유도된 결과식을 금강수계내(錦江水系內) 산성(山城)유역의 수로망(水路網)에 적용하여 기(旣) 발표된 공식과 비교 검토하였으며, Fractal Dimension은 수로망(水路網)의 경우 지형도(地形圖) 축척(縮尺)이 클수록 2에 가까운 값을 나타낸 반면에, 본류(本流)수로의 경우는 1에 가까운 값을 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과는 지형도(地形圖) 축척(縮尺)에 따르는 수로망(水路網)구성의 정량적(定量的) 분석에 도움이 되리라 생각된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.281-297
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• 2011

The specie composition, stranding crops and the dominant species of phytoplankton were studied in three streams, Namdae-stream, Yeongok-stream and Sacheon-stream from May 2008 to February 2009. The water qualities of the three streams which run into estuary were also examined using phytoplankton indicators. As the result, the phytoplankton appeared 94 taxa in Namdae-stream, 79 taxa in Yeongok-stream and 73 taxa in Sacheon-stream, diatoms appeared the most in phytoplankton. Genus Navicula and Cymbella in diatoms appeared to be over 10 taxa in each stream, N. cryptocephala, N. cryptotenella and N. gregaria, the pollution tolerance taxa, appeared more frequent in the downstream. Due to the separation of each substrate by the rapid water velocity in the upstream, Achnanthes minutissima, a known periphyton, was dominant in upstream site at Namdae and Yeongok-stream. Some construction areas and sites of downstream of Namdae-stream, Yeongok-stream and Sacheon-stream were shown to be polluted because pollution tolerance taxa, such as Cyclotella meneghiniana, Nitzschia palea and Oscillatoria limnetica, were dominant. The total of 20 taxa phytoplankton indicators were found, composed of 16 taxa of Water pollution algae including Oscillatoria limosa, 2 taxa of Clean water algae Meridion circulare and Staurastrum puntulatum, 1 taxa of Toxic algae Microcystis aeruginosa and 1 taxa of Taste and odor algae Fragilaria construens. Water pollution indicators were appeared frequently in polluted sites of biological water quality(DAIpo, TDI) and of sites containing high trophic state index(TSI). Therefore, using the phytoplankton indicators can assess water quality through relation of biological water quality and trophic state index.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권3B호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2006

우리나라의 효율적인 하천유역관리를 위해서는 유역 및 하천과 관련된 지형적 수문학적 특성인자들의 신속하고 정확한 추출이 요구된다. 최근, 원격탐사기법과 GIS기법이 도입으로 이것이 가능하게 되었으며 이 기법들을 이용하여 여러 활용 가능한 자료들을 구축하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 북한강유역을 대상으로 GIS기법에 의해 1:5,000 NGIS자료로부터 추출하여 DEM과 하천망을 생성하였다. 이를 이용하여 하천특성인자와 유역특성인자들을 추출함으로써 단위유역별 지형학적 특성을 파악하였다. 또한 대상유역을 상류, 중류, 하류 지점으로 구분하여 지형학적 인자를 추출하고 그 특성을 분석하였으며 선형 및 비선형 회귀곡선을 이용하여 그 인자들 간의 상관관계를 분석함으로써 전체유역 뿐만 아니라 상류, 중류, 하류 유역에 특별히 영향을 끼치는 하천특성인자 및 유역특성인자를 구별해 낼 수 있었다. 그 결과 하천특성인자는 전체유역, 상류, 중류, 하류 유역 모두에 크게 영향을 끼치는 인자임을 알 수 있었고, 유역특성인자 중 전체유역, 상류, 중류, 하류 유역에 공통적으로 영향을 끼치는 인자는 유역면적에 대한 총하천연장과 하천총수 임을 알 수 있었다.