• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

Yoghurt base was prepared from skim milk added with 0.25∼2.0%(w/v) of chlorella extract powder and fermented with lactic acid bacteria(Streptococcus thermophilus : Lactobacillus casei = 1:1) at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Quality characteristics of the yoghurts were evaluated in terms of acid production, number of viable cell, color, texture property, and sensory property during lactic acid fermentation. The addition of 0.25% chlorella extract powder stimulated the growth of lactic acid bacteria which showed the highest number of viable cell counts(l.46${\times}$10$\^$8/ CFU/mL) after 12 hours incubation, and also enhanced the acid production which was pH 4.33 after 12 hours incubation. The L values(brightness) of the yoghurts containing chlorella extract powder were lower than control group, whereas the b values(yellowness) were higher. The hardness and gumminess of the yoghurt added with 0.25% chlorella extract powder were higher than others. Sensory scores of the yoghurt added with 0.25% chlorella extract powder were significantly higher than other groups in color, chlorella odor, sweet taste, chlorella taste, mouth feel, aftertaste and overall acceptability.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.213-221
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• 2010

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the primary endocrine system to respond to stress. The HPA axis may be affected by increased level of corticotrophin-releasing factors under chronic stress and by chronic administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether chronic MSG administration aggravates chronic variable stress (CVS)-induced behavioral and hormonal changes. Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200~220 g, were divided into 4 groups as follows: water administration (CON), MSG (3 g/kg) administration (MSG), CVS, and CVS with MSG (3 g/kg) administration (CVS＋MSG). In addition, for the purpose of comparing the effect on plasma corticosterone levels between chronic stress and daily care or acute stress, 2 groups were added at the end of the experiment; the 2 new groups were as follows: naive mice (n=7) and mice exposed to restraint stress for 2 h just before decapitation (A-Str, n=7). In an open field test performed after the experiment, the CVS＋MSG group significant decrease in activity. The increase in relative adrenal weights in the CVS and CVS＋MSG group was significantly greater than those in the CON and/or MSG groups. In spite of the increase in the relative adrenal weight, there was a significant decrease in the plasma corticosterone levels in the CVS＋MSG group as compared to all other groups, except the naive group. These results suggest that impaired HPA axis function as well as the decrease in the behavioral activity in adult rats can be induced by chronic MSG administration under CVS rather than CVS alone.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2007

The external ultrastructural morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla and hair-pencils of Palpita indica (Saunder) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The antennal flagellum of male and female has six types of sensilla: long trichodea, short trichodesa, chaetica, coeloconicum around spines, camaniformia and styloconica. There are sexual differences in antennae of P. indica. The female antenna has a coeloconicum sensillum without spines nearby the long trichodea sensilla on ninth flagellomere. Otherwise, auricillica sensilla are distribute on the basal segment of male antenna. These structures are not showed in the female antenna. There are a lot of pores on the hair tufts of the male hair-pencils.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.117-136
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• 2008

This research analyzed the contents of the high school home economics textbooks within the 7th Curriculum from three theoretical viewpoints: structure functionalism family development and healthy family. A quantitative and in-depth content analysis were carried out with the six elements of family structure, family role, family relation, family life cycle, adjustment to the aged, marriage and childbirth. From the in-depth analysis, a healthy family viewpoint was reflected in the family structure, family role, adjustment to the aged, marriage and childbirth elements and a structure functionalist viewpoint was found in the family relation element. The family life cycle elements reflected a strong tendency of family development theory. The quantitative content analysis consisting of pictures, illustrations, examples indicated that a structure functional viewpoint was prevalent in both the family structure and family role elements. Overall, structure functionalism and healthy family viewpoint were reflected at similar level in the textbook. Implications for curriculum development, teaching methods and future study were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.4951-4958
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was availability for the classical test method. The test were called CLSI(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) that was disk diffusion method, the newly designed E-test(made use disk diffusion method) can estimate the MIC and modified broth microdilution method that was standardized. Those tests were observed by MicroScan MicroSTREP plus panel. Target strains were 53 strains of S.pneumoniae and 51 strains of ${\alpha}$-hemolytic streptococci which were separated from the inpatient in university hospital for 6 months from February to August, 2009. The 9 antimicrobial agent of target evaluation were cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, penicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin. researched comparative analysis both S.pneumoniae and ${\alpha}$-hemolytic streptococci. The result of the high concordance rates in ${\alpha}$-hemolytic streptococci was recognized formally in clinical microbiology laboratory.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2013

This study was performed to identify the cheese starter potential of antifungal lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi. Eight fungi were isolated from cheese or the cheese ripening room, and identified as Penicillium and Cladosporium by ITS-5.8S rDNA analysis. Twenty-two lactic acid bacteria species with antifungal activity were isolated from Kimchi, and identified as Lactobacillus and Pediococcus by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Six lactic acid bacteria species were selected (L. sakei subsp. ALJ011, L. sakei subsp. ALI033, L. sakei subsp. ALGy039, P. pentosaceus ALJ015, P. pentosaceus ALJ024, and P. pentosaceus ALJ026) based on higher antifungal activity from the initial 22 species. Out of the six identified species, L. sakei subsp. ALI033 had the highest antifungal activity. For growth of the six lactic acid bacteria, optimal temperature and pH were $30{\sim}37^{\circ}C$ and 7.0, respectively. Proteolytic activities of the six lactic acid bacteria were almost as strong as the commercial strain Str. thermophilus Body-1. Coagulative activities of L. sakei subsp. ALI033, P. pentosaceus ALJ015, and P. pentosaceus ALJ024 were higher than those of L. sakei subsp. ALJ011, L. sakei subsp. ALGy039, and P. pentosaceus ALJ026. The acid resistance of L. sakei subsp. was higher than that of P. pentosaceus. The major organic acid component of the lactic acid bacteria culture medium was lactic acid.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.532-539
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of exopolysaccharide(EPS) produced by Streptococcus thermophilus BODY1 on rotavirus(RV). EPS was isolated from a commercial lactic acid bacteria, Str. thermophilus BODY1. The results obtained were as follows : At 0.1% of EPS, inhibitory effects of EPS on the MA-104 cell using MTT assay were, $Wa\;51.58{\pm}8.08%,\;KU \;63.09{\pm}7.58%,\;S2\;51.23{\pm}5.43%,\;YO\; 51.45{\pm}5.67%,\;K-21\;52.84{\pm}5.49%,\;NCDV\;57.50{\pm}10.85%,\;UK\;51.64{\pm}4.74%,\;KK3\;54.53{\pm}8.44%,\;JBR\;58.67{\pm}7.51%,\;S97\;50.63{\pm}5.17%,\;OSU\;55.48{\pm}5.75%,\;and\;RRV\;54.36{\pm}8.72%$, respectively. At 0.1/128%, the effects were $Wa\;5.5{\pm}6.45%,\;KU\;10.33{\pm}8.39%,\;S2\;0.98{\pm}8.39%,\;YO\;4.25{\pm}2.86%,\;K-21\;4.25{\pm}6.60%,\;NCDV\;4.01{\pm}4.12%,\;UK\;6.55{\pm}7.09%,\;KK3\;5.19{\pm}4.86%,\;JBR\;11.11{\pm}8.11%,\;S97\;6.75{\pm}6.95%,\;OSU\;10.14{\pm}8.54%,\;and\;RRV\;3.66{\pm}8.57%$, respectively. These results indicate that EPS have inhibitory effects on various serotype and sources of RV from different animals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for the Gifted Conference
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• 1994.08a
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• pp.1.2-37
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• 1994

Currently Korea encourages gifted high schoolers and junior high schoolers to participate in international achievement contests such as International Olympiads. Participants for these contests are selected nationwide among gifted students in areas of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and others. They go through a series of screening tests and programs. One of the screening processes IS Korean Olympiad School, which provides study programs each summer for student-candidates prior to following year's International Olympiads. Approximately 40 students of high schools and junior high schools, in each subject of study, gather at Korean Olympiad Summer School, and they go through intensive study programs during a short period of time. Out of 40 candidates,' less than 10 students are finally selected to participate in International Olympiads. In this study, a psycho-educational program called "Situation Coping Training Program" was developed to enhance ahievement motivation for these student-candidates. This study was to see if this training program actually improved their cognitive, emotive motivation factors, and to see how this training program affected their achievement level. Training was administered for five days. This training program was found effective for participants to increase self-efficacy, internal locus of control, and anxiety copmg. These cognitive and emotive motivation factors, other than intelligence, were found to have positive relationship with achievement level, of which self-efficacy and attribution style of students were found as two best predictors of achievement. This training program was perceived as necessary. by participants, and helpful for recovering self-confidence and self-control as well as coping pressure. Suggestions were made that this kind of training program be administered as a regular curriculum in preparative study programs such as Korean Olympiads, since cognitive, emotive motivation factors are related with achievement, and furthermore, be utilized in all gifted education programs in Korea. in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.249-254
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• 2002

To determine the abilities as both lactic starter and probiotics for fermented foods, we investigated the potency of acid production, proteolytic activity and lactose metabolism of Lactobacillus amylovorus IMC-1. And the strain was cultured with lactococci in 10% skim milk medium. It was also examined the bactericidal action of antibacterial substance, produced by the strain IMC-1, against pathogenic bacteria. L. amylovorus IMC-1 showed excellent production of acid in 10% skim milk supplemented with yeast extract, and produced 0.8 and 2.7% of acid at 12 and 72 h incubation, respectively. It was found that the activity of ${\beta}-galactosidase$, about $39\;{\mu}M/minute/dry$ cell weight (mg), was stronger than that of $phospho-{\beta}-galactosidase$ in the strain IMC-1. The strain showed weak proteolytic activity in 10% skim milk, thus it produced 6 and $69\;{\mu}g/mL$ of free tyrosine at 12 and 72 h cultivation, respectively. It was known that the strain utilized mainly ${\alpha}-casein$ than ${\beta}-casein$ from patterns of SDS-PAGE. Mixed culture produced more acid than single cultures of L. amylovorus IMC-1 and Streptococcus thermophilus NIAI 510. Single culture of Str. thermophilus and mixed culture showed increasing cheese flavor with incubation times. Optimal fermentation time of mixed culture for the acid production and flora of lactic starter was 16 and 12 h by adding 0.1 and 0.5% of yeast extract to 10% skim milk, respectively. Antibacterial substance produced by the strain IMC-1 reduced about 2 log of the viable cell counts of both Escherichia coli O157 and Shigella flexneri after 24 and 4 h incubation, and they were not detected after 48 and 6 h incubation, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.455-461
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• 2007

This research was processed on morphological and physical characteristics of 'Yongdong' cultivar nuts. (1)Morphological properties of 'Yongdong' cultivar nuts were significantly different from the control, native species, in respect of all properties. (2) 'Yongdong' cultivar nuts showed higher figures than the native species on 9 items of morphological properties (kernel weight, size, length and width of pad on suture and etc.), whereas other 6 items (height of pad on suture, thickness of shell and septem, fragment numbers of isolated kernel, roundness index, and etc.) showed lower figures than those of the control. (3) In physical properties of the nut shells, 'Yongdong' cultivar was superior to the control at all items with the exception of compressive prove distance. Accordingly, it was also verified as effective cultivar of shelled walnut with suture line direction applied the minimum strength. (4) 'Yongdong' cultivar, 21.9 kg, was approximately twice lower than the control, 42.6 kg, on maximum compressive weight. It was demonstrated that the 'Yongdong' cultivar characterized by easily crushing shell by small strength was great in cracking properties. (5) On the study of yield strength, the native species being twice higher than 'Yongdong' cultivar showed the properties of the small elasticity and the shell hardness. While, the suture line of 'Yongdong' cultivar having the lowest yield strength 15.6 kg and 16.0 kg was identified the shell crushed easily. (6) The movement distance of the compressive prove of 'Yongdong' cultivar, 4.2 mm, was longer than that of the control, 2.7 mm. Subsequently, it means that the amount of loss possibly occurring to distribution process was not great, whereby productive value was high. (7) The compressive strength of the suture line of 'Yongdong' cultivar, $9.1kg/cm^2$, was much lower than total average of that $12.4kg/cm^2$. It was also statistically different with other properties. (8)The hardness examination by the compressive position revealed that the suture line of 'Yongdong' cultivar, $149.8kg/cm^2$, was lowest in contrast with the control, $300.9kg/cm^2$.