• Title/Summary/Keyword: STP

Search Result 217, Processing Time 0.034 seconds

A 5-Gb/s Continuous-Time Adaptive Equalizer (5-Gb/s 연속시간 적응형 등화기 설계)

  • Kim, Tae-Ho;Kim, Sang-Ho;Kang, Jin-Ku
    • Journal of IKEEE
    • /
    • v.14 no.1
    • /
    • pp.33-39
    • /
    • 2010
  • In this paper, a 5Gb/s receiver with an adaptive equalizer for serial link interfaces is proposed. For effective gain control, a least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm was implemented with two internal signals of slicers instead of output node of an equalizing filter. The scheme does not affect on a bandwidth of the equalizing filter. It also can be implemented without passive filter and it saves chip area and power consumption since two internal signals of slicers have a similar DC magnitude. The proposed adaptive equalizer can compensate up to 25dB and operate in various environments, which are 15m shield-twisted pair (STP) cable for DisplayPort and FR-4 traces for backplane. This work is implemented in $0.18-{\mu}m$ 1-poly 4-metal CMOS technology and occupies $200{\times}300{\mu}m^2$. Measurement results show only 6mW small power consumption and 2Gbps operating range with fabricated chip. The equalizer is expected to satisfy up to 5Gbps operating range if stable varactor(RF) is supported by foundry process.

Performance Investigation of Water Vapor Permeation Using PVA/PSSA-MA Membranes (PVA/PSSA-MA막을 이용한 수증기 투과 성능에 관한 연구)

  • Rhim Ji-Won;Yun Tae-Il;Seo Moo-Young;Cho Hyun-Il;Ha Seong-Yong;Nam Sang-Yong
    • Membrane Journal
    • /
    • v.16 no.2
    • /
    • pp.153-158
    • /
    • 2006
  • The crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) mwmbranes with poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA-MA) were used to measure the water vapor and air permeabilities at 25 and $35^{\circ}C$. In addition, the contact angles of crosslinked PVA membranes were observed and increased with PSSA-MA contents. The water vapor permeability of 15300 Baller (1 Baller=$10^{-10}cm^3(STP){\cdot}cm/cm^2{\cdot}s{\cdot}cmHg$) was shown the maximum value at $35^{\circ}C$ when PSSA-MA=7 wt% membrane was used. The gas permeability of 146 Barrer was indicated the maximum at PSSA-MA=7 wt% at $35^{\circ}C$ and $P(H_2O)/P(Air)$ was the highest value 109.2 at $25^{\circ}C$.

PEI Hollow Fiber Membranes Modified with Fluorinated Silica Nanoparticles for the Recovery of Biogas from Anaerobic Effluents (불화 실리카로 개질된 폴리에테르이미드 중공사막을 이용한 혐기성 유출수로부터 바이오가스 회수)

  • Yun, Kang Hee;Wongchitphimon, Sunee;Bae, Tae-hyun
    • Membrane Journal
    • /
    • v.30 no.5
    • /
    • pp.326-332
    • /
    • 2020
  • In this study, polymer-fluorinated silica composite hollow fiber membranes were fabricated and applied to a membrane contactor for the recovery of methane dissolved in the anaerobic effluent. To prepare the composite membranes, porous hollow fiber substrates were fabricated with Ultem®, a commercial polyetherimide (PEI). Subsequently, fluorinated silica particles were synthesized and coated on the surface via strong covalent bonding. Due to the high porosity, our membrane showed a CH4 flux of 8.25 × 10-5 ㎤ (STP)/㎠·s at the liquid velocity of 0.03 m/s which is much higher that that of commercial polypropylene membrane designed for degassing processes. This is attributed to our membrane's high porosity as well as a superior surface hydrophobicity (120~122°) resulted from the coating with fluorinated silica nanoparticles.

A Study on the Protection Switching Mechanism for Distribution Automation System Ethernet Networks Service of Distribution Automation System (배전자동화시스템 통신서비스를 위한 이중화 통신망 보호절체 알고리즘 연구)

  • Yu, Nam-Cheol;Kim, Jae-Dong;Oh, Chae-Gon
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
    • /
    • v.62 no.6
    • /
    • pp.744-749
    • /
    • 2013
  • The protection switching technology is widely adopted in the fiber-optical transmission equipments based on TDM(Time Division Multiplexing), such as PDH, SDH/SONET. A variety of protection switching algorithms for Ethernet networks and the progress of standardization are summarized in the document. There are several kinds of protection switching algorithms for Ethernet networks, such as STP, RSTP, MSTP and etc. However, since Ethernet signal move through detour route, it causes much time to recover. Accordingly, it is difficult to secure a usability of Ethernet networks and QOS(Quality of Service). Also, if the protection switching protocol standardized by IEEE and ITU-T is used, it remains a inherent network switching time for protection. Therefore, a specific protection switching algorithm for Ethernet are needed for seamless and stable operation of Ethernet networks service for Distribution Automation System(DAS). A reliable protection algorithm with no switching delay time is very important to implement Self-healing service for DAS. This study of FPGA based protection switching algorithm for Ethernet networks shows that in case of faults occurrence on distribution power network, immediate fault isolation and restoration are conducted through interaction with distribution equipments using P2P(Peer to Peer) communication for protection coordination. It is concluded that FPGA based protection switching algorithm for Ethernet networks available 0ms switching time is crucial technology to secure reliability of DAS.

Synthesis of $H_2$-Permselective Silica Films by Chemical Vapor Deposition (화학증착(CVD)에 의한 선택적 수소 투과성 실리카막의 제조)

  • 남석우;하호용;홍성안
    • Membrane Journal
    • /
    • v.2 no.1
    • /
    • pp.21-32
    • /
    • 1992
  • Hydrogen-permselective silica membranes were synthesized within tim walls of porous Vycor tubes by chemical vapor depostion of $SiO_2$. Film deposition was carried out using $SiCl_4$ hydrolysis either in the oppm shag reactants or in the one-sided geometry. At temperatures above $600^{\circ}C$ the permeation rate of hydrogen thorough the silica films varied between 0.01 and $025cm^3(STP)/cm^2-min-atm$ depending on the reaction geometry and the $H_2 : N_2$ permeation ratio was about 1000. Permeation rates of both $H_2$ and $N_2$ increased with increasing temperature. The silica membranes produced by one-sided deposition have higher hydrogen permmeation rates than those produced by the opposing reactants geometry although the membranes formed in an opposing reactants geometry were relatively stable during the heat treatment or after exposure to ambient air. These membranes can be applied to high temperature gas separations or membrane reactors once the film deposition process is optimized to get high permeability as well as good stability.

  • PDF

Occurrence of Synthetic Musk Compounds in Surface and Waste Waters in Korea (국내 하천수 및 하수처리장 유입.방류수의 합성머스크화합물 오염실태 조사)

  • Lee, In-Jung;Lee, Chul-Gu;Heo, Seong-Nam;Lee, Jae-Gwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
    • /
    • v.33 no.11
    • /
    • pp.821-826
    • /
    • 2011
  • Synthetic musk compounds are widely used as fragrances in a variety of personal care products like soaps, sampoos, cosmetics and perfumes. The occurrence of synthetic musk compounds in municipal sewage effluent and other environmental samples could negatively impact the health of the ecosystem and humans, due to persistent and long-term chronic exposure of aquatic organisms. Fifteen synthetic musk compounds (musk ketone, musk xylene, musk ambrette, musk moskene, musk tibetene, HHCB, AHTN, ADBI, AHDI, DPMI, ATII, ethylenebrasssylate, ambretettolide, cyclopentadecanolide, OTNE) were analysed in surface waters and sewage treatment plants (STP) influents/effluents in Korea by GC/MS. Method detection limits were $0.005{\sim}0.398{\mu}g/L$. HHCB and AHTN were most frequently observed in both surface waters and STP influents/effluents.

Permeation Characteristics of $CO_2/N_2$ Mixture Gases through Plasma Treated Poly (methylpentene) Membrane (플라즈마 처리에 의한 폴리메틸펜텐 막의 $CO_2/N_2$ 혼합가스의 투과특성)

  • Jeong, Sung-Woo;Kwak, Hyun;Bae, Seong-Youl
    • Membrane Journal
    • /
    • v.13 no.2
    • /
    • pp.73-80
    • /
    • 2003
  • Abstract: The surfaces of poly (methylpentene)(PMP) were modified by Af and $NH_3$ plasma treatment, and their effects on permeation characteristics were investigated. The mole ratio of O/C in the surface was increased with Ar plasma treatment and consequently the surface became hydrophilic because of the possible formation of -OH, -COOH and C=O. The surface treated by $NH_3$ plasma also became hydrophilic due to the formation of amine and/or amide groups. The $CO_2$ permeability and its actual selectivity over N_2$ were 182 baller and 6.17 for the optimum condition of Ar-30W-6min, while 144 Baller and 6.13 for that of $NH_3$-30 W-8 min.

Fate and mass balance of pharmaceuticals of unit processes in a sewage treatment plant (하수처리시설 단위공정별 잔류의약물질 거동 및 물질수지 분석)

  • Park, Junwon;Kim, Changsoo;Lee, Wonseok;Lee, Soo-Hyung;Chung, Hyenmi;Jeong, Dong-Hwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
    • /
    • v.33 no.5
    • /
    • pp.367-377
    • /
    • 2019
  • In this study, the fate and removal of 15 pharmaceuticals (including stimulants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, etc.) in unit processes of a sewage treatment plant (STP) were investigated. Mass loads of pharmaceuticals were 2,598 g/d in the influent, 2,745 g/d in the primary effluent, 143 g/d in the secondary effluent, and 134 g/d in the effluent. The mass loads were reduced by 95% in the biological treatment process, but total phosphorous treatment did not show a significant effect on the removal of most pharmaceuticals. Also, mass balance analysis was performed to evaluate removal characteristics of pharmaceuticals in the biological treatment process. Acetaminophen, caffeine, acetylsalicylic acid, cefradine, and naproxen were efficiently removed in the biological treatment process mainly due to biodegradation. Removal efficiencies of gemfibrozil, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were not high, but their removal was related to sorption onto sludge. This study provides useful information on understanding removal characteristics of pharmaceuticals in unit processes in the STP.

Analyzing Healthcare Marketing Research Trends in Korea - Focusing on marketing strategy factors and performance factors perspectives - (국내 의료서비스 마케팅 연구 동향 분석 - 마케팅 전략 요인과 성과 요인 관점으로 -)

  • Jongjin Bae;Byungtae Park
    • Korea Journal of Hospital Management
    • /
    • v.28 no.4
    • /
    • pp.33-46
    • /
    • 2023
  • Purpose: This study analyzed the research published in KCI-registered journals related to healthcare marketing for the last 27 years from 1995 to 2022 to identify academic research trends, the specificity of the healthcare field and to suggest future research directions. Methodology: A total of 213 articles were selected for this study, and a descriptive analysis of the period and journals was conducted, as well as the analysis of research topics and keywords from the perspective of marketing strategy factors and performance factors. Findings: A total of 213 articles related to healthcare marketing have been published in the last 27 years. The descriptive analysis showed a steady quantitative increase, but the STP field showed a decreasing trend, and many papers were mainly published in the Korean Journal of Hospital Management. According to the analysis of research topics and keywords, STP field will be hard to become an active research topic in the future, and even in the 7P field, only Product, People, and Process can be researched according to medical law regulations, and other factors such as PX & WOM, CRM, and the Internet fields are expected to be research topics. Implications: Through the analysis of research trends over the past 27 years, we were able to identify the specificity of the healthcare marketing field in Korea and suggest future research directions based on this.

  • PDF

Hydrogeochemical, Stable and Noble Gas Isotopic Studies of Hot Spring Waters and Cold Groundwaters in the Seokmodo Hot Spring Area of the Ganghwa Province, South Korea (강화 석모도 지역 온천수와 지하수의 수리지구화학 및 동위원소 연구)

  • Kim, Kyu-Han;Jeong, Yun-Jeong;Jeong, Chan-Ho;Keisuke, Nagao
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
    • /
    • v.41 no.1
    • /
    • pp.15-32
    • /
    • 2008
  • The hydrochemical and isotopic (stable isotopes and noble gas isotopes) analyses for hot spring waters, cold groundwaters and surface water samples from the Seokmodo hot spring area of the Ganghwa province were carried out to characterize the hydrogeochemical characteristics of thermal waters and to interpret the source of thermal water and noble gases and the geochemical evolution of hot spring waters in the Seokmodo geothermal system. The hot spring waters and groundwaters show a weakly acidic condition with the pH values ranging from 6.42 to 6.77 and 6.01 to 7.71 respectively. The outflow temperature of the Seokmodo hot spring waters ranges from $43.3^{\circ}C\;to\;68.6^{\circ}C$. Relatively high values of the electrical conductivities which fall between 60,200 and $84,300{\mu}S/cm$ indicate that the hot spring waters were mixed with seawater in the subsurface geothermal system. The chemical compositions of the Seokmodo hot spring waters are characterized by Na-Ca-Cl water type. On the other hand, cold groundwaters and surface waters can be grouped into three types such as the Na(Ca)-$HCO_3$, Na(Ca)-$SO_4$ and Ca-$HCO_3$ types. The ${\delta}^{18}O\;and\;{\delta}D$ values of hot spring waters vary from -4.41 to -4.47%o and -32.0 to -33.5%o, respectively. Cold groundwaters range from -7.07 to -8.55%o in ${\delta}^{18}O$ and from -50.24 to -59.6%o in ${\delta}D$. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic data indicate that the hot spring waters were originated from the local meteoric water source. The enrichments of heavy isotopes ($^{18}O\;and\;^2H$) in the Seokmodo hot spring waters imply that the thermal water was derived from the diffusion Bone between fresh and salt waters. The ${\delta}^{34}S$ values ranging from 23.1 to 23.5%o of dissolved sulfate are very close to the value of sea water sulfate of ${\delta}^{34}$S=20.2%o in this area, indicating the origin of sulfate in hot springs from sea water. The $^3H/^4He$ ratio of hot spring waters varies from $1.243{\times}10^{-6}\;to\;1.299{\times}10^{-6}cm^3STP/g$, which suggests that He gas in hot spring waters was partly originated from a mantle source. Argon isotopic ratio $(^{40}Ar/^{36}Ar=298{\times}10^{-6}cm^3STP/g)$ in hot spring waters corresponds to the atmospheric value.