• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.763-769
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• 2016

Objective: To confirm the immediate gait improvement in a post-stroke gait disturbance patient equipped with a weighted vest. Methods: We selected a patient who was able to walk without another’s help or with tools. The selected patient had an unstable gait because she had only started an independent gait within the past week, so we thought that a weighted vest could be very helpful for her. We first collected gait parameters using a treadmill gait analysis system while the patient walked on the treadmill without the weighted vest. After a 10-minute break, gait parameters were collected again while the patient walked on the treadmill while wearing the weighted vest. The gait parameters we collected included step length (cm), stance phase (%), swing phase (%), SW/ST, and gait line length (mm). For objective evaluation of gait improvement, we calculated the ratio of gait parameters of the right and left limbs. Results: The gait of the post-stroke patient was more symmetrical when wearing the weighted vest than without the weighted vest. Without the weighted vest, her step length ratio was 0.78, stance phase ratio was 0.88, swing phase ratio was 1.50, SW/ST ratio was 1.70, and gait line length ratio was 0.91. With the weighted vest, her step length ratio was 0.88, stance phase ratio was 0.90, swing phase ratio was 1.38, SW/ST ratio was 1.54, and gait line length ratio was 0.98. No side effects were observed due to the weighted vest.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3610-3617
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• 2012

본 연구는 활동관찰 훈련이 편마비 환자의 보행에 미치는 영향에 대하여 평가하였다. 본 연구에 참여자는 실험군 10명과 대조군 10명으로 무작위로 배정되었다. 두 그룹 모두 중추신경계 발달 치료를 6주 동안 1회당 1시간씩 주당 6회 훈련을 받았다. 실험군은 활동 관찰훈련을 6주 동안 1회당 10분씩 주당 3회를 중추신경계 발달치료와 병행하여 훈련받았다. 실험군과 대조군은 보행속도, 마비측 보장, 비마비측 보장, 마비측 활보장, 비마비측 활보장, 두발지지기, 분속수, 일어나 걸어가기 검사를 평가하였다. 활동관찰 훈련을 실시한 그룹에서 편마비 환자의 보행속도, 마비측 보폭, 마비측 활보장, 분속수, 일어나 걸어가기 검사에서 유의하게 향상되었다. 위의 결과를 통하여 활동관찰 훈련은 편마비 환자의 보행 능력을 향상하는 데 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 활동관찰 훈련 결과는 편마비 환자들에게 유용하고 적절한 훈련으로 제안할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a pelvic compression belt on gait abilities and balance in subacute stroke patients. Methods: Twenty two patients with subacute were recruited and randomly assigned into two group: Two group offered conventional physical therapy and occupational therapy for five day. The group was composed of twelve patients. Participants in the experimental group were given the pelvic compression belt and conventional physical therapy, conventional occupational therapy, although conventional physical therapy and occupational therapy provided in the subjects in the control group. To assess the gait ability, the GAITRITE system was used and the Balance system SD was used to test balance. All measurements were performed before and after intervention. Results: The experimental group shows a significant improvement the cadence, velocity, step length and stride length in gait (p<.05) and show significant increase in the dynamic standing balance (p<.05). However, control group shows a significant improvement the cadence, velocity, step length and stride length in gait (p<.05), but shows no significant differences in dynamic standing balance. Furthermore, there were significant differences gait velocity, dynamic standing balance between two groups (p<.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the elastic pelvic belt application is effective to improve gait velocity, dynamic balance in the subacute stroke patients. Thus, the elastic pelvic belt is seemed to be one of the potential methods to facilitate the active rehabilitation program for hemiplegia patients.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.187-187
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• 2004

이 논문에서는 임의의 블록 길이 n과 메시지 길이 k를 갖는 Reed-Solomon (RS) 부호를 연속적으로 복호하도록 프로그램 될 수 있는 가변형 RS 복호기의 효율적인 구조를 제안한다. 이 복호기는 단축형 RS 부호의 복호를 위해 영을 삽입할 필요가 없도록 하며, 변수 n과 k, 결과적으로 에러정정 능력 t의 값들을 매 부호어 블록마다 변화시킬 수 있다. 복호기는 수정 유클리드 알고리즘(modified Euclid's algorithm; MEA)을 기반으로 한 3단계 파이프라인 처리를 수행한다. 각 단계는 분리된 클럭에 의해 구동될 수 있으므로 단계 2 그리고/또는 단계 3에 고속 클럭을 사용함으로써 단지 2단계의 파이프라인 처리로 동작시킬 수 있다. 또한 입출력에서 서로다른 클럭을 사용하는 경우에도 사용할 수 있다. 각 단계는 가변 블록 길이를 갖는 RS 부호를 복호하기에 적합한 구조를 갖도록 설계되었다. 변화하는 t 값을 위해 MEA의 새로운 구조가 설계된다. MEA 블록에서 천이 레지스터들의 동작 길이는 하나 감소되었으며, t의 서로 다른 값에 따라서 변화될 수 있다. 간단한 회로로써 동작 속도를 유지하기 위해 MEA 블록은 재귀적 기법과 고속 클럭킹 기법을 사용한다. 이 복호기는 버스트 모드 뿐 아니라 연속 모드로 수신된 부호어를 복호할 수 있으며, 과 가변성으로 인해 다양한 분야에서 사용될 수 있다. GF($2^8$) 상에서 최대 10의 에러정정 능력을 갖는 가변형 RS 복호기를 VHDL로 설계하였으며, FPGA 칩에 성공적으로 합성하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2004

이 논문에서는 임의의 블록 길이 n과 메시지 길이 k를 갖는 Reed-Solomon (RS) 부호를 연속적으로 복호하도록 프로그램 될 수 있는 가변형 RS 복호기의 효율적인 구조를 제안한다. 이 복호기는 단축형 RS 부호의 복호를 위해 영을 삽입할 필요가 없도록 하며, 변수 n과 k, 결과적으로 에러정정 능력 t의 값들을 매 부호어 블록마다 변화시킬 수 있다. 복호기는 수정 유클리드 알고리즘(modified Euclid's algorithm; MEA)을 기반으로 한 3단계 파이프라인 처리를 수행한다. 각 단계는 분리된 클럭에 의해 구동될 수 있으므로 단계 2 그리고/또는 단계 3에 고속 클럭을 사용함으로써 단지 2단계의 파이프라인 처리로 동작시킬 수 있다. 또한 입출력에서 서로다른 클럭을 사용하는 경우에도 사용할 수 있다. 각 단계는 가변 블록 길이를 갖는 RS 부호를 복호하기에 적합한 구조를 갖도록 설계되었다. 변화하는 t 값을 위해 MEA의 새로운 구조가 설계된다. MEA 블록에서 천이 레지스터들의 동작 길이는 하나 감소되었으며, t의 서로 다른 값에 따라서 변화될 수 있다. 간단한 회로로써 동작 속도를 유지하기 위해 MEA 블록은 재귀적 기법과 고속 클럭킹 기법을 사용한다. 이 복호기는 버스트 모드 뿐 아니라 연속 모드로 수신된 부호어를 복호할 수 있으며, 과 가변성으로 인해 다양한 분야에서 사용될 수 있다. GF(2$^{8}$ ) 상에서 최대 10의 에러정정 능력을 갖는 가변형 RS 복호기를 VHDL로 설계하였으며, FPGA 칩에 성공적으로 합성하였다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to ascertain the effects of the lower extremity muscle strengthening exercise on balance and ambulation of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: 10 subjects who participated in this research undertook the 12-week the lower extremity muscle strengthening exercise program, which consisted of a series of mat exercises and sling exercises. The statistical significances were examined by using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a non-parametric test, for evaluating the improvement of balance and ambulation of the subjects. In order to evaluate the correlation among the variables, Pearson's correlation coefficients were also calculated. In all statistical analyses the significance level was selected as ${\alpha}$=0.05. Results: Berg balance scale(BBS) was significantly increased after the intervention(p<.05). Percentage weight bearing(PWB) was decreased after the intervention, but there was no significant difference. Time up and go test(TUG) value was significantly decreased(p<.05). Gait velocities was increased after the intervention, but there was no significance. Stride length, step lengths of the affected side and the sound side were significantly increased after the intervention(p<.05). In the correlation analyses of the measures before the intervention, TUG had significant negative correlation to BBS and gait velocity(p<.05). Stride length, step lengths of the sound side and the affected side had significant positive correlation between themselves(p<.01). In the correlation analyses of the measures after the intervention, TUG had significant negative correlation to BBS and gait velocity(p<.05). BBS revealed significant positive correlations to stride length, step lengths of the sound side and the affected side(p<.05). Stride length, step lengths of the sound side and the affected side had significant positive correlation between themselves(p<.01). Conclusion: Based upon the outcomes as above, it is likely that the muscle strength exercises have substantial effects on balance and ambulation of children with cerebral palsy. Thus various lower extremity muscle strengthening exercise programs are required to be studied and developed in order to contribute to functional improvements of children with cerebral palsy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of hinged ankle-foot orthosis (HAFO) on walking function in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Thirty-two children (mean age: $6.79{\pm}0.35years$, age range: 5-7 years) who were diagnosed with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy participated in the study. Each subject typically walked through 10 meters of a gait platform with markers on the subject's proper body segments and underwent 3-D motion analysis system with and without hinged ankle-foot orthosis. The HAFOs were all custom-made for individual CP children and had plantarflexion stop at $0^{\circ}C$ with no dorsiflexion stop. The interventions were conducted over three trials in each group, and measurements were performed on each subject by one examiner in three trials. 3-D motion analysis system was used to measure gait parameters such as walking velocity, cadence, step-length, step-width, stride-length, and double support period in two conditions. Results: The walking velocity, cadence, step-length, and stride-length were significantly greater for the HAFO condition as compared to the no HAFO condition (p<0.05). However, no significant difference in step-width and double support period was observed between two conditions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that using the HAFO during walking would suggest positive evidence for improving the spatiotemporal parameters of gait in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2006

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematics of young adults during ramp climbing at different inclinations. Methods: Twenty-three subjects ascended and descended four steps at four different inclinations(level, $8^{\circ},\;16^{\circ},\;24^{\circ}$). Temporal-spatial parameters were measured by GaitRite system(standard mat). Groups difference was analysed with on-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test. Results: The different kinematics of ramp ascent and descent were analysed and compared to level walking patterns. In ascending ramps, step length and stride length decreased with $24^{\circ}$ inclination (p<.000). Stance duration increased with $24^{\circ}$, but swing duration decreased with $24^{\circ}$ inclination (p<.000). Step time and velocity decreased with $16^{\circ}C,\;24^{\circ}$ inclination (p<.000). Cadence decreased with all inclination($8^{\circ},\;16^{\circ},\;24^{\circ}$)(p<.000). In descending ramps, step length and stride length, velocity decreased with all inclination($8^{\circ},\;16^{\circ},\;-24^{\circ}$)(p<.000). Stance duration increased with all inclination($8^{\circ},\;-16^{\circ},\;-24^{\circ}$) and swing duration decreased with all inclination($-8^{\circ},\;-16^{\circ},\;-24^{\circ}$)(p<.000). But Step time was not differentiated with different inclinations. Cadence decreased with only. $8^{\circ}$ inclination(p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that there is a certain inclination angle or angular range where subjects do switch between level walking and ramp walking gait pattern. This shows their motor control strategy between level and ramp walking. Further studies are necessary to confirm and detect the ascent and descent ramp gait patterns.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2015

Objective: This study was conducted to test the effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twelve healthy adults aged 20 to 36 years (mean 23.5 years) were tested under six different conditions. All participants used touchscreen smartphones. Testing conditions included: 1) Walking with an obstruction under a bright illumination level; 2) walking with an obstruction with a low level of illumination; 3) walking with an obstruction while texting under a bright illumination level; 4) walking with an obstruction while texting with a low level of illumination; 5) walking with an obstruction while gaming under a bright illumination level; and 6) walking with an obstruction while gaming with a low level of illumination. All participants were asked to text the Korean national anthem by their own phone and play Temple Run 2 using an iPhone 5. Gait variances were measured over a distance of 3 m, and the mean value after three trials was used. A gait analyzer was used to measure the data. Results: Compared to normal gait with obstruction, gait speed, step length, stride length, step time, stride time, cadence while texting and gaming showed significant differences (p<0.05). Differences between the illumination levels included gait speed, step length, stride length, and step time (p<0.05) with no significant differences in stride time and cadence. Conclusions: Dual-tasking using a smartphone under low levels of illumination lowers the quality of gait with obstructions.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2022

Background: This study was to investigate the effect of non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation due to hemiplegic patients due to stroke on temporal and spatial gait ability. Design: Randomized sham controlled trial. Methods: For the study method, 42 patients with hemiplegia due to stroke were randomly assigned to 14 patients each, and the general walking group, tDCS walking group, and tDCS (sham) walking group were subjected to 5 times a week, 30 minutes a day, and 6 weeks. In the temporal gait variables of hemiplegic patients due to stroke, the effect of the gait time, gait cycle, single support, double support, swing phase, stance phase, gait speed, cadence were measured. In spatial variables, one step length and one step length were measured. Results: As a result of the study, the EG group significantly increased in the step time, gait velocity, and cadence of the paralysis side in the comparison of temporal walking variables between groups according to the application of tDCS of walking ability in hemiplegic patients due to stroke patients(p<.05). In the change in spatial walking variables between groups according to the application of tDCS, the step length and stride length of the EG group showed a significant increase. Both the comparison of temporal and spatial symmetry walking variables between groups according to tDCS application was not significant(p>.05) Conclusion: As a result, tDCS has an effective effect on the improvement of the gait ability of stroke patients. In particular, it is an effective method of physical therapy that can improve the cadence and speed of gait, which can be combined with the existing gait training to effectively increase the gait of hemiplegia due to stroke patients.