• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.847-853
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• 1997

Attempts were made to determine the compositions of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten for the utilization as food materials. The major components of Opuntia ficus-indica and aloe in proximate compositions were nitrogen free extract. Total mineral contents of stem, fruit and seed of Opuntia ficus-indica were 9400.8, 6151.2 and 1096.8 mg%, respectively, and their major minerals were Ca, P and Mg. The major free amino acids of fruit were tyrosine, proline and arginine, those of stem were glycine and arginine and that of seed was glutamic acid. The major amino acid of fruit was glutamic acid, those of stem were glycine and arginine and those of seed were glutmic acid and arginine. Vitamin C contents of fruit and stem were 163.8 and 71.2 mg% but not presented in seed. Vitamin A was also not presented in fruit, stem and seed. Contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were changed by extraction solvent and temperature. Total polyphenols of fruit were higher than those of stem and seed. Total flavonoids of fruit were similar to those of stem.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Objectives : Saururus chinensis and Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) are perennial herbs using for medicinal purposes in Korea. The objectives of this study are to compare anatomical key characters between two medicinal plants and to provide fundamental information for the identification of two herbal medicines by using anatomical features. Methods : Cross-sections of root, rhizome, stem, petiole, and leaf for each species were observed in this study. Materials were analyzed through dehydration, paraffin embedding and micro-sectioning, and double staining with Safranin O and Fast-Green FCF. Observations of permanent preparation were conducted using light microscope. Results : S. chinensis and H. cordata were distinguished with anatomical differentiations; Idioblasts with essential oil were scattered in the parenchyma cell of cortex, pith, and phloem of S. chinensis, on the other hand, in H. cordata, idioblasts were distributed ring-shaped in the cortex of the root. S. chinensis had two cycles of vascular bundles in the stem while H. cordata had one cycle. Hypodermis layer was conspicuous in a stem of H. cordata, crystals were observed the only parenchyma in a stem of S. chinensis, and epidermal oil cells were developed in the epidermis of H. cordata. S. chinensis had air cavity at the cortex and pith of the stem. The shape of cross-section was polygonal in the stem of S. chinensis and was circular in the stem of H. cordata. Conclusions : We investigated anatomical study of Korean S. chinensis and H. cordata. To identify two herbal medicines, we considered main anatomical features and provided identification key here.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2007

Plant regeneration system from floral stem of Mymphoides indica via somatic embryogenesis was established. After four weeks of culture onto 1/2MS medium containing 2,4-D, pale-yellow globular structures and calluses were formed on the cut surface of floral stem explants. Upon transfer to 1/2MS basal medium, pale-yellow globular structures were developed into somatic embryos and normal plantlets. These results indicated that pale-yellow globular structures and calluses from floral stem were globular embryos and embryogenic calluses, respectively. The frequency of embryogenic callus formation from floral stem was reached to nearly 100% when floral stem was cultured onto 1/2Ms medium supplemented with low concentration of 2,4-D (0.1 to 0.3 mg/L). However, the higher concentration of 2,4-D resulted in decrease of the frequency of embryogenic callus formation. In this study, low concentration of 2,4-D had a stimulative role in embryogenic callus formation, whereas BA showed inhibitory role in callus formation. In comparison to floral stem, leaf explants showed low frequency of embryogenic callus formation. The highest frequency of embryogenic callus formation from leaf explants was 9.5% when leaf explants were cultured onto 1/2MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg/L of 2,4-D. The plant regeneration system of Nymphoides indica established in this study, might be applied to mass proliferation, conservation of genetic resources and genetic transformation for molecular breeding.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 2006

Potassium Sorbate (PS) is a potassium salt version of sorbic acid, which has antimicrobial and fungistatic features in foods. Therefore, PS is used as a food preservative against fungi and mold. PS has been found to be non-toxic even when taken in large quantities given its trait to be broken down in the body into water and carbon dioxide. Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication (GJIC) is essential in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis during development and differentiation. This study was made of the effects of PS on GJIC in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial (WB) cells. We found dramatic decrease of cell viability in time- and dose-dependent manners when WB cells were treated with PS. The effect of PS on GJIC is strong inhibition, and it took place in parallel with a hyperphosphorylation of connexin 43 expression. The finding that PS interferes with gap junction functionality should be considered with respect to the mechanism of PS-induced hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2015

This study was conducted to estimate carbon stocks of Quercus serrata with drawing volume of trees in each tree height and DBH applying the suitable stem taper equation and tree specific carbon emission factors, using collected growth data from all over the country. Information on distribution area, tree number per hectare, tree volume and volume stocks were obtained from the $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory (2006~2010), and method provided in IPCC GPG was applied to estimate carbon storage and removals. Performance in predicting stem diameter at a specific point along a stem in Quercus serrata by applying Kozak's model,$d=a_1DBH^{a_2}a_3^{DBH}X^{b_1Z^2+b_2ln(Z+0.001)+b_3{\sqrt{Z}}+b_4e^Z+b_5({\frac{DBH}{H}})}$, which is well known equation in stem taper estimation, was evaluated with validations statistics, Fitness Index, Bias and Standard Error of Bias. Consequently, Kozak's model turned out to be suitable in all validations statistics. Stem volume tables of Quercus serrata were derived by applying Kozak's model and carbon stock tables in each tree height and DBH were developed with country-specific carbon emission factors ($WD=0.65t/m^3$, BEF=1.55, R=0.43) of Quercus serrata. As a result of carbon stock analysis by age class in Quercus serrata, carbon stocks of IV age class (11,358 ha, 36.5%) and V age class (10,432; 33.5%) which take up the largest area in distribution of age class were 957,000 tC and 1,312,000 tC. Total carbon stocks of Quercus serrata were 3,191,000 tC which is 3% compared with total percentage of broad-leaved forest and carbon sequestration per hectare(ha) was 3.8 tC/ha/yr, $13.9tCO_2/ha/yr$, respectively.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.415-424
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• 2017

This study was conducted to estimate carbon stocks of Pinus densiflora with drawing volume of trees in each tree height and DBH applying the suitable stem taper equation and tree specific carbon emission factors, using collected growth data from all over the country. Information on distribution area, tree age, tree number per hectare, tree volume and volume stocks were obtained from the $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory (2006~2010) and Statistical yearbook of forest (2016), and method provided in IPCC GPG was applied to estimate carbon stock and uptake. Performance in predicting stem diameter at a specific point along a stem in Pinus densiflora by applying Kozak's model, $d=a_{1}DBH^{a_2}a_3^{DBH}X^{b_{1}Z^2+b_2ln(Z+0.001)+b_3\sqrt{Z}+b_4e^z+b_5(\frac{DBH}{H})}$, which is well known equation in stem taper estimation, was evaluated with validations statistics, Fitness Index, Bias and Standard Error of Bias. Consequently, Kozak's model turned out to be suitable in all validations statistics. Stem volume table of P. densiflora was derived by applying Kozak's model and carbon stock tables in each tree height and DBH were developed with country-specific carbon emission factors ($WD=0.445t/m^3$, BEF = 1.445, R = 0.255) of P. densiflora. As the results of analysis in carbon uptake for each province, the values were high with Gangwon-do $9.4tCO_2/ha/yr$, Gyeongsandnam-do and Gyeonggi-do $8.7tCO_2/ha/yr$, Chungcheongnam-do $7.9tCO_2/ha/yr$ and Gyeongsangbuk-do $7.8tCO_2/ha/yr$ in order, and Jeju-do was the lowest with $6.8tC/ha/yr$. Total carbon stocks of P. densiflora were 127,677 thousands tC which is 25.5% compared with total percentage of forest and carbon stock per hectare (ha) was $84.5tC/ha/yr$ and $7.8tCO_2/ha/yr$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.178-183
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to find out the effect of yeast on hair loss treatment and the role of hair follicle stem cell activator, which is important in hair growth. The authors have recently produced a substance, which has no disgusting odor, does not precipitates and does not easily corrupt, to use instead of yeast acquired from raw rice wine(Makgeolli). The substance is named Yeast Constituent Extract(YCE). In this research, the Produced YCE was applied on the hair loss area of 10 Androgenic alopecia patients, twice every day for 6 months, in order to test the effect of hair loss treatment and the role of stem cell activator. As a result, all of the patients showed a significant growth of hair after 3 months of test, and showed much more growing, thickening and strengthening of hair after 6 months. As a result of measuring the number of hair strings in the same scalp region of the patients after 6 months, it is found that the density of hair has increased, indicating that the hair loss treatment was effective. Also the hair follicle stem cell was isolated from the patients and the contents of growth factors (IGF, VEGF, FGF, HGF) derived from hair follicle stem cell were measured with ELISA. As result, the amount is found to be about 10 times greater than before the test. The hair follicle stem cell contains many growth factors that affect growth of hair, so it takes a highly important role in hair loss treatment. The YCE that the authors have produced was found to be effective in increasing the contents of growth factors that are derived from hair follicle stem cell. Thus it can be inferred that the YCE plays a role as a stem cell activator that activates the hair follicle stem cells. In conclusion, the YCE is considered to be highly effective for hair loss treatment and to have a role as a stem cell activator.

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.626-631
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• 2021

Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is a critical component of cytokine and growth factor signaling pathways regulating hematopoietic cell proliferation. JAK2 mutations are associated with multiple myeloproliferative neoplasms. Although physiological and pathological functions of JAK2 in hematopoietic tissues are well-known, such functions of JAK2 in the nervous system are not well studied yet. The present study demonstrated that JAK2 could negatively regulate neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Depletion of JAK2 stimulated neuronal differentiation of mouse ESCs and activated glycogen synthase kinase 3β, Fyn, and cyclin-dependent kinase 5. Knockdown of JAK2 resulted in accumulation of GTP-bound Rac1, a Rho GTPase implicated in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics. These findings suggest that JAK2 might negatively regulate neuronal differentiation by suppressing the GSK-3β/Fyn/CDK5 signaling pathway responsible for morphological maturation.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.137-142
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• 2014

A tremendous increase in the human population has put poultry industry under an increased pressure to meet steep increase in the demand. Poultry is contributing 25% of the total world's meat production and lesser cost of investment per bird makes it more suitable for the further breeding programmes. Major poultry diseases frequently lead to cardiac damage and cause huge economic losses to poultry industry due to mortality. The in vitro embryonic stem cell (ESC) technology has a futuristic approach for homogeneous populace of differentiated cells, for their further transplantations. During in vitro conditions the differentiated cell populace can be used in grafting and transplantation processes to regenerate damaged tissues. Therefore, the current study targeted the use of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the poultry production system through cardiac regeneration. The current study will also open new boulevard for the similar kind of research in other livestock species for the management of heart diseases.

• Mycobiology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.244-246
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• 2002

A destructive stem rot of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum) occurred sporadically some farmers' fields in Jinju City, Gyeongnam province in Korea. The infected plants also showed stem, crown rot or whole plant blight. White mycelium spread over stems of infected plants and formed sclerotia on the old lesions nearby soil surface. The fungus showed maximum mycelial growth around $30^{\circ}C$. The fungus formed white colony on PDA, usually with many narrow mycelial strands in the aerial mycelium and the width were $4.0{\sim}9.8{\mu}m$. The typical clamp connections were formed on the mycelium. Numerous sclerotia was formed on PDA at $30^{\circ}C$. The shape of sclerotia was globoid and $1.0{\sim}3.0$ mm in size. The fungus was isolated repeatedly from the infected tissues and the pathogenicity was confirmed to tomato and identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. This is the first report on the stem rot of tomato caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.