• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2008

Objectives : This study is to evaluate Effect of Inhibition Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor(MIF) activation by Hominis Placenta Herbal Acupuncture(HPA) on Rheumatic Arthritis(RA). Hominis Placenta is the placenta of healthy human, which is vital-strengthening medical stuff. In recent years, Hominis Placenta applied to chronic diseases because it makes us more resistance to diseases. Therefore it is supposed that HPA is effective on RA, a kind of autoimmune disease. When RA is induced, MIF is activated, too. MIF affects the process of inflammatory disease including RA. Methods : In order to investigate the effect of Hominis Placenta extraction on MIF(early RA inducing cytokine) and MMP(Matrix Metallo Proteinase)-9 mRNA expression by means of Reverse Transcriptase- Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR). In this study, we investigated the effect of Hominis Placenta extraction on MIF(early RA inducing cytokine) and MMP-9 mRNA expression by means of RT-PCR. Besides we investigated changing of MIF in synovial membrane and, Interleukin-6 receptor(IL-6R)-$\alpha$(pro-inflammatory cytokine), Signal transducers and activators of transcription(STAT)-3, MMP-9 after treating mouse, which is artificially attacked with RA, with HPA on its $ST_{35}$, LE201 in vivo. Results : 1. As a result of treating Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated Raw246.7cell with HPA, MIF(RA related cytokine) and MMP-9 mRNA expression is reduced in vitro. And this reaction is concentration-dependatant. 2. In synovial membrane of the mice treated with HPA, inhibition of MIF, IL-6R-$\alpha$, STAT3 & MMP-9 activation is observed in vivo. Conclusions : From the above results, it might be suggested that HPA mitigate tissue damage originated from RA, because it intercepts the early process of by inhibition MIF activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1394-1406
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• 2015

The AT motif-binding factor (ATBF1) not only interacts with protein inhibitor of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (PIAS3) to suppress STAT3 signaling regulating embryo early development and cell differentiation, but is required for early activation of the pituitary specific transcription factor 1 (Pit1) gene (also known as POU1F1) critically affecting mammalian growth and development. The goal of this study was to detect novel nucleotide variations and haplotypes structure of the ATBF1 gene, as well as to test their associations with growth-related traits in goats. Herein, a total of seven novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (SNP 1-7) within this gene were found in two well-known Chinese native goat breeds. Haplotypes structure analysis demonstrated that there were four haplotypes in Hainan black goat while seventeen haplotypes in Xinong Saanen dairy goat, and both breeds only shared one haplotype (hap1). Association testing revealed that the SNP2, SNP5, SNP6, and SNP7 loci were also found to significantly associate with growth-related traits in goats, respectively. Moreover, one diplotype in Xinong Saanen dairy goats significantly linked to growth related traits. These preliminary findings not only would extend the spectrum of genetic variations of the goat ATBF1 gene, but also would contribute to implementing marker-assisted selection in genetics and breeding in goats.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.343-347
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• 1997

Lactobacillus brevis, L. fermentum과 L. plantarum의 혼합젖산균을 사용하여 배양조건이 밀가루 용액의 발효에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 온도변화에 따른 pH와 총적정산도의 변화를 살펴본 결과 pH의 감소와 총적정산도의 증가가 가장 크게 나타난 $35^{\circ}C$를 밀가루 발효의 최적온도로 선정하였다. 5L발효조에서 질소가스를 1.0 vvm으로 첨가한 혐기적 조건보다 공기를 첨가한 호기적 조건에서 총적정산도의 증가와 pH의 감소가 더 크게 나타났다. 최적 산소공급 조건을 찾기 위하여 통기량을 1.0 vvm으로 고정하고 교반속도를 달리하여 밀가루 용액의 발효한 결과 총적정산도가 가장 크게 나타난 교반속도 250 rpm에 해당되는 산소 전달속도상수 $60\;hr^{-1}$에서 최적이었다. 선정된 최적 배양조건에서 밀가루 발효액의 생산성을 높이기 위하여 반복비율을 변화시키면서 pH-stat를 이용한 반복 유가식 배양을 수행하였다. 반복비율이 증가할수록 반복 간격시간은 증가하였으나 밀가루 발효의 최대 작동시간은 감소하였다. 최적 반복비율을 결정하기 위하여 단위시간 당 배양부피 당 생산된 밀가루 발효액의 부피와 최대가동시간 동안 배양부피 당 생산된 총 밀가루 발효액의 부피를 살펴본 결과 20%의 반복비율에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 혼합젖산균을 이용한 밀가루용액의 유가식 배양에서 최적조건은 배양온도 $35^{\circ}C$, 통기량 1.0 vvm, 산소전달속도 $60\;hr^{-1}$, 반복비율 20%로 나타났다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2005

재생골재를 교각안정용 쇄석으로 재활용하기 위하여 다양한 용출방법을 이용하여 미량원소를 포함한 무기이온들의 용출특성을 연구하였다. 본 연구에 적용한 방법은 연속 회분식 용출시험(Continuous batch leaching test: DIN 38414-S4), 가용용출시험(Availability test, NEN 7341), pH 유지 시험(pH-stat test: CEN/TC 292/WG6) 그리고 탱크 확산시험(Tank diffusion test: NEN 7345)등 이다. 기존에 많이 적용되온 EPA의 TCLP와 국내 공정시험법의 경우 빠르고 경제적인 방법으로 고형폐기물의 단기간 용출특성을 파악할 수 있으나 다양한 용출환경에서 장기간 일어나는 용출특성을 판단하기 어려운 점이 있었다. 본 시험에 적용된 방법들은 이러한 제한을 극복하고 보다 다양한 환경에서 일어날 수 있는 용출특성을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구에 적용된 시험들은 별도의 위해성 판단 기준이 없다. 그러나 본 시험의 결과들을 위해성 판단을 위해 많이 쓰이는 TCLP와 국내폐기물 공정시험방법의 기준에 비교할 때 접촉시간, pH 조건 등의 용출조건이 더 가혹한 조건에서 이루어졌음에도 두 시험의 위해성 기준에 훨씬 못 미치고 있다. 이는 재생골재를 교각안정용 쇄석으로 활용할 경우 환경위해 정도가 우려할 수준 이하일 것임을 시사한다. 특히 교각안정용 쇄석이 사용될 하천은 물이 정지되지 않고 늘 흐르는 곳으로써 용출된 원소들은 그 자리에 축적되지 않고 분산, 희석되어 그 영향정도는 더 낮아질 것으로 생각된다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2007

본 연구는 소 배반포의 내부 세포괴로부터 다능성(pluripotency)을 지닌 배아 줄기 세포(embryonic stem cell) 또는 그 유사 세포를 분리 및 배양함으로써 줄기 세포 관련 분야의 기반 기술을 확립하고자 하였다. 소 체외수정란을 $10{\sim}12$일간 체외배양하여 생산된 부화 배반포를 세포분열이 불활성화된 생쥐 태아 섬유아 세포(mouse embryonic fibroblast, MEF) 위에서 배양하여 콜로니 형성을 유도하였으며, 이들로부터 내부 세포괴 유래의 형태를 지닌 것만을 광학현미경 하에서 물리적으로 분리하여 약 $5{\sim}7$일 간격으로 계대배양을 실시하였다. 이러한 방법을 통하여 배아 줄기 유사 세포의 특성을 40계대 이상 유지하는 2개의 세포주를 확립하였다. 각각의 세포주들은 높은 alkaline phosphatase(AP) 활성을 지니고 있었으며, 형광 면역 염색법과 PCR 기법을 사용하여 Oct-4, Nanog, STAT3, SSEA3 및 SSEA4의 발현을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 본 연구에서는 소 배반포로부터 배아 줄기 세포주를 확립하는 제반 기술이 확립되었다고 판단되며, 향후 관련 분야 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2022

As negative regulators of cytokine signaling pathways, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins have been reported to possess both pro-tumor and anti-tumor functions. Our recent studies have demonstrated suppressive effects of SOCS1 on epithelial to mesenchymal signaling in colorectal cancer cells in response to fractionated ionizing radiation or oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to determine the radiosensitizing action of SOCS1 as an anti-tumor mechanism in colorectal cancer cell model. In HCT116 cells exposed to ionizing radiation, SOCS1 over-expression shifted cell cycle arrest from G2/M to G1 and promoted radiation-induced apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner with down-regulation of cyclin B and up-regulation of p21. On the other hand, SOCS1 knock-down resulted in a reduced apoptosis with a decrease in G1 arrest. The regulatory action of SOCS1 on the radiation response was mediated by inhibition of radiation-induced Jak3/STAT3 and Erk activities, thereby blocking G1 to S transition. Radiation-induced early ROS signal was responsible for the activation of Jak3/Erk/STAT3 that led to cell survival response. Our data collectively indicate that SOCS1 can promote radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by counteracting ROS-mediated survival signal, thereby blocking cell cycle progression from G1 to S. The resulting increase in G1 arrest with p53 activation then contributes to the promotion of apoptotic response upon radiation. Thus, induction of SOCS1 expression may increase therapeutic efficacy of radiation in tumors with low SOCS1 levels.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.15.1-15.17
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• 2023

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical immune-response mediators. Although they largely reside in mucosal tissues, the kidney also bears substantial numbers. Nevertheless, kidney ILC biology is poorly understood. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are known to display type-2 and type-1 skewed immune responses, respectively, but it is unclear whether this extends to ILCs. We show here that indeed, BALB/c mice have higher total ILCs in the kidney than C57BL/6 mice. This difference was particularly pronounced for ILC2s. We then showed that three factors contributed to the higher ILC2s in the BALB/c kidney. First, BALB/c mice demonstrated higher numbers of ILC precursors in the bone marrow. Second, transcriptome analysis showed that compared to C57BL/6 kidneys, the BALB/c kidneys associated with significantly higher IL-2 responses. Quantitative RT-PCR also showed that compared to C57BL/6 kidneys, the BALB/c kidneys expressed higher levels of IL-2 and other cytokines known to promote ILC2 proliferation and/or survival (IL-7, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin). Third, the BALB/c kidney ILC2s may be more sensitive to the environmental signals than C57BL/6 kidney ILC2s since they expressed their transcription factor GATA3 and the IL-2, IL-7, and IL-25 receptors at higher levels. Indeed, they also demonstrated greater responsiveness to IL-2 than C57BL/6 kidney ILC2s, as shown by their greater STAT5 phosphorylation levels after culture with IL-2. Thus, this study demonstrates previously unknown properties of kidney ILC2s. It also shows the impact of mouse strain background on ILC2 behavior, which should be considered when conducting research on immune diseases with experimental mouse models.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.386-398
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• 2020

Tissue fibrosis is an eventual pathologic change of numerous chronic illnesses, which is characterized by resident fibroblasts differentiation into myofibroblasts during inflammation, coupled with excessive extracellular matrix deposition in tissues, ultimately leading to failure of normal organ function. Now, there are many mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis, which facilitate the discovery of effective antifibrotic drugs. Moreover, many chronic diseases remain a significant clinical unmet need. For the past five years, many research works have undoubtedly addressed the functional dependency of ginsenosides in different types of fibrosis and the successful remission in various animal models treated with ginsenosides. Caveolin-1, interleukin, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), liver X receptors (LXRs), Nrf2, microRNA-27b, PPARδ-STAT3, liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMPK, and TGF-β1/Smads are potential therapy targeting using ginsenosides. Ginsenosides can play a targeting role and suppress chronic inflammatory response, collagen deposition, and epitheliale-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as myofibroblast activation to attenuate fibrosis. In this report, our aim was to focus on the therapeutic prospects of ginsenosides in fibrosis-related human diseases making use of results acquired from various animal models. These findings should provide important therapeutic clues and strategies for the exploration of new drugs for fibrosis treatment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.509-513
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• 1999

The molecular size reduction and the formation of bitterness during a tryptic hydrolysis of soybean 11S glycinin were determined by using quantitative analysis and organoleptic evaluation. The 11S glycinin of 90% purity was prepared by cryoprecipitation and Con A Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, and hydrolyzed with trypsin in a pH-stat reactor for 4 h. Bitterness was formed within 1 h of hydrolysis, and then slowly increased up to $3.5\times10^{-5}$ M quinine-HCl equivalent. The extent of hydrolysis (DH) was 7% at 1 h and increased up to 12% by the end of the reaction. The -amino nitrogen content increased from an initial 0.7 mM to 7 mM at the end of the period. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the acidic subunit of 11S glycinin was mostly hydrolyzed. The GP-HPLC analysis indicated that the bitterness was mainly contributed by the peptide fractions of molecular weights of 360-2,100 Da.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2001

경희대학교의 인공위성 관측용 40cm 망원경 시스템을 이용하여 한반도 주변상공에서 관측이 가능한 정지궤도위성 중 6개국의 통신위성 9기와 기상위성 1기를 선정하여 저분산 분광관측을 시도하였다. 그 결과 가시광 영역에서 인공위성 각각의 고유한 분광선 형태가 상호간 현저하게 차이가 있어 보였고 이를 분광선 패턴에 따라 4종류의 그룹으로 분류가 가능하였다 국가별, 임무별로 인공위성의 정밀한 분광선 패턴별 목록화를 위해서는 더 많은 인공위성의 분광관측 데이터가 필요하고 이를 바탕으로 지상 실험실 측정자료와 비교하여 인공위성의 외부 구조체 재질과 색깔을 식별하여야 한다.