• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.499-504
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• 2015

The composite anodes of expanded graphite (EG) and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) for microbial fuel cells were fabricated by using coal tar pitch (CTP) binder containing nickel (Ni), and the effect of the anodes with the binders on the performance of the MFCs were examined in a batch reactor. During the start-up of the MFCs, quick increase in voltage was observed after a short lag phase time, indicating that the CTP binder is biocompatible. The biomass attatched on the anode surface was more at higher Ni content in the binder, as well as at smaller amount of CTP binder for the fabrication of the anode. The internal resistance of the MFC was smaller for the anode with more biomass. Based on the results, the ideal combination of CTP and Ni for the CTP binder for anode was 2 g and 0.2 g, respectively. The maximum power density was $731.8mW/m^2$, which was higher 23.7% than the anode with Nafion binder as control. The CTP binder containing Ni for the fabrication of anode is a good alternative in terms of performance and economics of MFCs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.251-264
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present factors and strategies for successful rewarded-crowdfunding of companies. For this, rewarded-crowdfunding based on the extended theory of planned behavior(E-TPB) by adding individual innovation and risk preference as extended variables, in addition to the basic variables of the theory of planned behavior(TPB), including attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control. In addition, the moderating effect of rewarded-crowdfunding experience was confirmed. In addition, the moderating effect of the rewarded-crowdfunding experience was confirmed, and exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted for questionnaires who were aware of the concept of rewarded-crowdfunding. As a result of testing the hypothesis, it was found that attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and risk preference affect the intention to invest in rewarded-crowdfunding. Also, we could find that perceived behavior control and risk preference were moderately influenced by investor who had experience in rewarded-crowdfunding. Based on the research results, it has academic and practical value by presenting the direction of enhancing the success of rewarded-crowdfunding that companies can use as a way to raise funds and boost sales.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.290-296
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• 2009

The morphology and mechanical properties of epoxy/polyamide/MPD/2E4MZ-CN reactive blends with various amount of catalyst were investigated. The cure behaviors, mechanical strengths, and morphological changes of the epoxy blend systems were analyzed by using DSC, UTM, and SEM, respectively. The amount of catalyst ranged from 0 to 3 phr, and the cure reaction occurred at $170^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The maximum peaks in heat flow during cure reactions appeared at slightly lower temperature with increasing catalyst content, indicating that the cure reactions start at lower temperature by adding catalyst and polyamide rarely hinders the cure reaction paths. The co-continuous morphology was found in epoxy/polyamide(20 phr) blends and by adding catalyst to the blends much clearer and uniform co-continuous phase was observed. The surface tension of the mechanical test specimen was increased due to the AP plasma surface treatment, and then adhesion strength was increased by over 20% by adding 2 phr of catalyst to the blends. When considering morphological tuning of the blends by means of catalyst incorporation, it is expected that the increased elongation and adhesion strength can be achieved in the structural adhesive systems.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.245-254
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• 2019

In this paper, We analyze the effect of professionality of franchise education program on the satisfaction, work efficiency and business performance, to find how to develop education program which is considered as important in franchise management and to propose ways of sustainable operation of franchise education program. In this study, we carried out survey for 224 users who have competed franchise education programs. We divided the professionality of franchise education program into education instructors, education contents, education environment and education methods through precedent study. For the verification of study hypothesis, we used single regression and multiple regression analysis to verify the relationship between variables. The core study results are as follows. First, professionality of franchise education program is positively related to the satisfaction. Second, professionality of franchise education is positively related to work efficiency. Third, satisfaction affects work efficiency. Fourth, satisfaction and work efficiency have positive effect on business performance. Based on these study results, we found that if education program suitable for the industry and subjects from instructors to education method is developed to improve the professionality of franchise program and continuous communication and improvement is made to increase satisfaction and work efficiency, the franchise education program will create good results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.715-720
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• 2016

This paper proposes a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) voltage mode DC-DC step-up converter for portable devices. The converter, which is operated with a 1 MHz switching frequency, is capable of reducing the mounting area of passive devices, such as inductor and capacitor, and is suitable for compact mobile products. This step-up converter consists of a power stage and a control block. The circuit elements of the power stage are an inductor, output capacitor, MOS transistors Meanwhile, control block consist of OPAMP (operational amplifier), BGR (band gap reference), soft-start, hysteresis comparator, and non-overlap driver and some protection circuits (OVP, TSD, UVLO). The hysteresis comparator and non-overlapping drivers reduce the output ripple and the effects of noise to improve safety. The proposed step-up converter was designed and verified in Magnachip/Hynix 0.18um 1-poly, 6-metal CMOS process technology. The output voltage was 5 V with a 3.3 V input voltage, output current of 100 mA, output ripple less than 1% of the output voltage, and a switching frequency of 1 MHz. These designed DC-DC step-up converters could be applied to the Personal Digital Assistants(PDA), cellular Phones, Laptop Computer, etc.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.135-161
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• 2007

In this paper, we study empirically the dividend initiation decisions of IPO firms listed on Korea Securities Market and KOSDAQ Market. Specifically, we study three aspects of dividend initiation decision, (a) dividend initiation decision, (b) dividend level decision, (c) time-to-initiation decision. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, determinants suggested by the major theories of dividends, namely, residual dividend, dividend signaling, agency, catering, and transactions cost theory explain significantly the dividend initiation decision. Second, determinants suggested by the major theories of dividends explain significantly the dividend level decision. So to speak, most of the findings for dividend initiation decision also hold for the dividend level decision. Third, most of the factors that increase(decrease) the probability of dividend initiation reduce(increase) the time-to-initiation. Almost of the dividend initiation firms start paying dividends within two years of the IPO. Thus, if IPO firm does not initiate dividend early in the life of the firm, then it is highly likely that it will never initiate dividend.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of Filipino marriage immigrants' acculturation stages in regards to their Korean family life culture and to identify the source of the support for each stage, hence to provide information for educational programs that would promote successful acculturation for each stage. The following findings have been obtained through in-depth interviews with 18 female Filipino immigrants to Korea. In a range of obstacles from the Honeymoon Stage to the Confusion stage, the first are the language and the aspects of the food/cooking/ingredients/diet that are different from their own culture. Especially, pregnancy/childbirth is a major change in one's life and the biggest challenge in the acculturation process. As food and cooking are the first change that the immigrants have to face and get accustomed to in the early stage of their Korean life, the food culture is rather easier for the immigrants to get accustomed to than other parts of Korean life. From the Honeymoon Stage to the Harmony Stage, the immigrants make efforts to help their family in the home, while they look to their future in their children during the Autonomy Stage. Regardless of how long they have been in Korea, from the Honeymoon Stage to the Autonomy Stage, the immigrants have a hard time with the patriarchal environment in Korea due to the bilateral nature of kinship in the Philippines. Secondly, the immigrants receive the most support from their husband, family, and the tutors in Korean culture, while their mothers-in-law are the main source of the support for the Korean diet. At the Confusion Stage, the immigrants start visiting the regional multicultural family support centers and get help from the friends they meet there while depending on the TV for cooking tips. From the Harmony Stage, they may seek a job through the community network with their own effort and their children's help. In the Autonomy Stage, they are concerned about their children rather than their own parents, and they find their own identity as a Korean and realize that their effort is important.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.284-290
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• 2015

In this study, two hypotheses were examined to preliminarily verify for the vegetation recruitment and establishment on riparian bars in unregulated rivers; hydrologic regime change and nutrients influx into streams. In order to preliminarily verify the first hypothesis, precipitation patterns were analyzed during a period from March through to May when reeds, the most common riparian vegetation in Korea, germinate and start to grow in riparian areas. The results show that during the last 35 years, the total precipitation during the three-month period decreased by about 15 %, while the total annual one increased by about 15% in Korea. In order to verify the second hypothesis, a preliminary experiment was conducted with a set of two-vegetative flumes for one year. In this experiment, a stream flow with reeds on the riparian sand bars was simulated with a flume with reeds planted on the sand bed and water with a concentration of 3.5 mg of N flowing in the flume for four hours. For comparison, clean water was circulated in the same way in another flume for simulating a stream flow without N. The experimental results show that the growth rate of reeds in N-mixed flow exceeds that in clean water flow by about 30%. The above two results could explain the phenomenon of change in unregulated rivers from white river to green river in Korea, although they were obtained through limited extents of analysis and experiment.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.132-148
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• 2019

Recently, safety and environmental concerns have become major social issues. Especially, a special underground-safety law has been made and enacted to prevent ground subsidence around construction sites. For environmental problems, several researches have started or will start on characterization of contaminated sites, in-situ environmental remediation in subsurface, and monitoring of remediation results. As a part of the researches, geophysical surveys, which have been mainly applied to explore mineral resources, geological features or ground, are used to characterize not only contaminated areas but also fluid flow paths in subsurface environments. As a basic study for the application of geophysical surveys to detect contamination in subsurface, this paper analyzes previous researches to understand changes in geophysical properties of contaminated zones by various contaminants such as leachate, heavy metals, and non-adequate phase liquid (NAPL). Furthermore, this paper briefly introduces how geophysical surveys like direct-current electrical resistivity, induced polarization and ground penetration radar surveys can be applied to detect each contamination, before analyzing case studies of the applications in contaminated areas by NAPL, leachate, heavy metal or nitrogen oxides.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.235-258
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• 2007

Every crime involves a victim and an offender. The offender, from the start of the criminal investigation, is considered as a suspect. After prosecution, he/she becomes the accused, and under consitutional law and criminal procedural law, has the right to enforce the contests of the acts. On the other hand, the victim or his/her family, despite being the person harmed, has very few and comparatively weak rights. To overcome this problem, the Korean criminal justice has recently recognised 'the protection and support of the victim' as a major proposition, and the police as well as the prosecutor's office have been releasing improvement plans for the protection of victims. Setting the above as the background, this thesis deals with the current victim protection acts and discusses the methods to improve them. This study will investigate a more reasonable and effective method of victim support and protection. Currently korea's laws regarding victim protection are not satisfactory, however it is fitting to say that it is certainly an external outline of what it should be. This has been due to the enforcement and creation of 'criminal victim protection' and has acted as a key to more improvements ever since. Despite this, the lack of commitment in human and financial resources to enforce these laws has now produced a possibility of the laws proving to be nothing but an unopened letter. To prevent this from happening, the victim nothing but an unopened letter. To prevent this from happening, the victim protection related laws need to be revised to be more practical and secure. Despite this, the lack of commitment in human resources and financial resources to enforce these laws has now produced a possibility of the laws proving to be nothing but an unopened letter. To prevent this from happening, the victim nothing but an unopened letter. To prevent this from happening, the victim protection related laws need to be revised to be more practical and secure.