• Mycobiology
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.360-365
• /
• 2015

Multilocus sequence typing analysis was applied to determine the genotypes of 147 (137 clinical and 10 environmental) Cryptococcus neoformans and three clinical Cryptococcus gattii isolates from 1993 to 2014 in Korea. Among the 137 clinical isolates of C. neoformans, the most prevalent genotype was ST5 (n = 131), followed by ST31 (n = 5) and ST127 (n = 1). Three C. gattii strains were identified as ST57, ST7, and ST113. All environmental isolates were identified as C. neoformans with two genotypes, ST5 (n = 7) and ST31 (n = 3). Our results show that C. neoformans isolates in Korea are genetically homogeneous, and represent a close genetic relationship between clinical and environmental isolates.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 1991

In each nuruk using today, effect of pH on glucoamylase activity and viable cell count of yeast and bacteria was measured. Common components during fermentation, alcohol, acetaldehyde and acetone, amino acid composition, and total sugars and mineral content were determined in yakju(korean wine) brewed from different ingredients and by different methods. Results are summarized as follows ; 1. The lower the pH, the lower the glucoamylase activity in JK, BK, JK-S BK-S and JN. But the higher the glucoamylase activity ratio in Koji and KN. 2. Yeast and bacteria cell count could not determined in nuruk inoculated of seed. In JK, BK and JN, yeast cell count was 50${\times}$104∼80${\times}$104, bacteria cell count was 5${\times}$106∼24${\times}$106. 3. In yakju during fermentation, pH was higher in RU, total acidity content was higher in ST-N, ST-K, RU and ST-RUPO and alcohol content was lower in RUPO and ST-RUPO. 4. Ethanol and acetaldehyde content were highest in dukyunju. Trace amount of acetone was determined only in ST-K, RUPO and ST-RUPO . n-Propyl alcohol content was higher in ST-K, ST-RUPO and ST-N, iso-butyl alcohol content was higher in L-RUPO, Dukyunju and Songyupju and iso-amyl alcohol content was higher in Songyupju, RU, L-RUPO and Dukyunju. 5. In amino acids composition of each yakju, Pro, Ala and Val content was higher than other amino acids. Total amino acids content was the highest in Dukyunju and second highest in ST-N, NH3 was higher in ST-N, Dukyunju, RUPO than other samples. 6. Total sugars content was the highest in ST-N and second highest in RU. 7. P, K and Mg content were higher in Dukyunju and ST-N than in other samples. In Dukyunju, Ca and P ratio was 0.075 because of low Ca content and high P content.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2021

Shihogayonggolmoryo-tang (ST) is a Korean medical herb cocktail which has been used to treat anxiety induced insomnia. In this study, we will examine sleep-promoting and anti-anxiety effects of ST, and investigate its mechanism. ICR mice were divided into three groups for the first examination : control group (n=11), ST50 group (50 mg/kg, po, n=11), ST200 group (200 mg/kg, po, n=11). Sleep-promoting effect was confirmed by measuring the sleeping duration time and sleeping onset time after thiopental sodium treatment (50 mg/kg, ip). ICR mice were divided into five groups for the second examination : control group (n=11), ST200 group (200 mg/kg, po, n=11), ST200+Flumazenil group (ST 200 mg/kg, po, flumazenil 0.3 mg/kg, ip, n=11), diazepam group (1 mg/kg, ip, n=11), diazepam+flumazenil group (diazepam 1 mg/kg, ip, Flumazenil 0.3 mg/kg, ip, n=11). Anxiety behavior and sleep-promoting effect was confirmed by open field test and measuring the sleeping duration time and sleeping onset time. Expression levels of c-fos in tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) and ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. ST treated group showed significantly decreased anxiety behavior and enhanced sleeping duration time and sleeping onset time concentration dependently. The expression of c-fos was significantly upregulated in VLPO as sleep-inducing center and TMN as downregulated in arousal center by ST treatment. In addition, all effects of ST were reversed by flumazenil. Our results suggest that ST has sleep-promoting and anti-anxiety effects through regulating arousal center (TMN) and sleep-inducing center (VLPO).

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2009

In this study, we have shown the transcriptional regulation of the human GD3 synthase (hST8Sia I) induced by valproic acid (VPA) in human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2)-C cells. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the regulation of hST8Sia I gene expression in VPA-stimulated SK-N-BE(2)-C cells, we characterized the promoter region of the hST8Sia I gene. Functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the hST8Sia I gene by the transient expression method showed that the -1146 to -646 region, which contains putative binding sites for transcription factors c-Ets-1, CREB, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$, functions as the VPA-inducible promoter of hST8Sia I in SK-N-BE(2)-C cells. Site-directed mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that the NF-${\kappa}B$ binding site at -731 to -722 was crucial for the VPA-induced expression of hST8Sia I in SK-N-BE(2)-C cells. In addition, the transcriptional activity of hST8Sia I induced by VPA in SK-N-BE(2)-C cells was strongly inhibited by SP600125, which is a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, and $G{\ddot{O}}6976$, which is a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, as determined by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) and luciferase assays. These results suggest that VPA markedly modulated transcriptional regulation of hST8Sia I gene expression through PKC/JNK signal pathways in SK-N-BE(2)-C cells.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 2006

The growth and biomass of reeds(Phragmites australis) growing in a subsurface treatment wetland system were investigated from April 2003 to October 2003. Nitrogen(N) and phosphorous(P) concentrations in above-ground(AG) and below-ground(BG) tissues of reeds were examined and the removal rate of N and P by reeds were analyzed. The system, 29 m in length, 9 m in width and 0.65 m in depth, was constructed in June 2001 on a floodplain in the down reach of the Kwangju Stream in Korea in order to purify polluted water of the stream. A bottom layer of 45 cm in depth was filled with crushed granites(15~30 mm in diameter) and a middle layer of 10 cm in depth was filled with pea pebbles(10 mm in diameter). An upper layer of 5 cm contained course sand. Reeds were transplanted on the surface of the system, which were dug out of natural wetlands, and their shoots were trimmed 40 cm in height. The height and density of the shoots averaged 237.7 cm and 244.0 shoot/$m^2$, respectively, when the reeds grew fully. The maximum biomass of AG and BG tissues were 1,964 and 1,577 g/$m^2$, respectively, and the AG : BG ratio of biomass was 1.26. Mean AG and BG dry weights were recorded as 1,355 and 748 g/$m^2$, respectively. The AG and BG tissue concentrations of N averaged 12.37 and 10.01 mg/g, respectively, and those of P 2.37 and 2.03 mg/g, respectively. Inflow to the system averaged 40 $m^3$/day. The concentrations of total nitrogen(T-N) in influent and effluent were 8.4 mg/L and 3.2 mg/L, respectively, and those of total phosphorous(T-P) were 0.73 and 0.38 mg/L, respectively. The total removal of T-N and T-P by the system during the investigation period averaged 140.2 and 9.7 g/$m^2$, respectively, and the total uptake of N and P by the reeds were calculated as 24.39 and 4.73 g/$m^2$, respectively. Average removals of about 17% of N and about 49% of P by reeds were recorded. The N and P concentrations in AG tissues were significantly different among the three zones of the system:near to inflow(St1), in the middle of system(St2), and near to outflow(St3). The N and P concentrations in BG tissues were also significantly different among St1, St2 and St3. N and P concentrations in AG and BG tissues of reeds growing in St1 were higher than those in St2 and St3. The height and density of shoots of reeds in St1 were larger than those in St2 and St3. Significant amounts of N and P in the influent were taken up by reeds in St1.

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.307-315
• /
• 2012

한국산 나비나물속(Vicia)에 속하는 10분류군의 체세포 염색체수와 그 중 6분류군에 대한 핵형분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 나비나물속의 체세포 염색체수는 2n = 12, 14 또는 24로서, 기본 염색체수 x = 6 또는 7의 이배체와 사배체로 밝혀졌다. 한국특산식물인 나래완두(V. hirticalycina, 2n = 2x = 12)의 염색체수는 본 연구에서 처음으로 밝혀졌다. 가는살갈퀴(V. angustifolia, 2n = 2x = 12), 등갈퀴나물(V. cracca, 2n = 4x = 24), 새완두(V. hirsuta, 2n = 2x = 14), 얼치기완두(V. tetrasperma, 2n = 2x = 14 + 2B), 벌완두(V. amurensis, 2n = 2x = 12), 노랑갈퀴(V. chosenensis, 2n = 2x = 12, 12 + 2B), 나비나물(V. unijuga, 2n = 4x = 24), 애기나비나물(V. unijuga f. minor, 2n = 4x = 24), 광릉갈퀴(V. venosa var. cuspidata, 2n = 4x = 24)의 체세포 염색체수는 기존의 보고들과 일치하였다. 핵형분석 결과, 등갈퀴나물은 2 m + 8 sm+ 2 st, 벌완두는 2 m + 2 sm + 2st, 나래완두는 3 m + 1 sm+ 2 st, 나비나물과 애기나비나물은 4 m + 6 sm + 2 st, 광릉갈퀴는 4 m + 8 sm로 각각 조사되었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 1990년도 춘계 학술대회지
• /
• pp.136-137
• /
• 1990

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제26권9호
• /
• pp.1643-1649
• /
• 2016

The aims of this study were to characterize the molecular epidemiological profiles of CTX-M-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from a tertiary hospital in Daejeon, Korea, and to investigate the genetic diversity and compare the prevalence of sequence types (STs) in different areas. Extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli strains isolated from urine were analyzed for CTX-M, integrons, and insertion sequence common regions (ISCRs) by PCR and sequencing. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), phylogenetic analysis, and rep-PCR were also used for molecular typing of the isolates. Of 80 CTX-M producers, 31 and 46 expressed CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14, respectively. MLST analysis indicated that the most prevalent ST was ST131 (n = 34, 42.5%), followed by ST38 (n = 22, 27.5%), ST405 (n = 8, 10.0%), and ST69 (n = 6, 7.5%). Most CTX-M producers harbored class 1 integrons. ST131 strains belonged to phylogenetic group B2 and showed identical rep-PCR patterns, whereas ST69, ST38, and ST405 strains belonged to phylogenetic group D; the ST38 and ST405 strains displayed the same rep-PCR pattern, respectively. ST131 and ST38 isolates showed 21 and 19 distinct types, respectively, by PFGE. In Daejeon, D-ST38 CTX-M-14 producers were relatively more prevalent than in other countries and Korean cities. Our results indicate that CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates belonged mostly to ST131 or ST38 and were more related to hospital-onset than to community-onset infections and that the bla_CTX-M gene may vary according to the ST.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.397-402
• /
• 2005

Core-shell 형의 Poly(styrene-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) (poly(St-co-NIPAm)) 마이크로겔은 과항상칼륨(KPS)을 개시제로 사용하여 styrene (St)과 N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm)의 무유화 유화중합으로 제조하였다. St/NIPAm의 비, 모노머의 농도, 가교제의 농도에 따른 입자크기의 영향을 조사하였으며 고분자 마이크로겔의 온도에 따른 열감응성을 조사하였다. 마이크로겔의 입자 크기는 NIPAm의 몰비에 따라 증가하였으며 마이크로겔 분산용액의 투과도가 하한임계온도 이상($32{\sim}34^{\circ}C$)에서는 급격히 감소였다. 수용액 중에서 마이크로겔의 팽윤성은 모노머인 NIPAm의 농도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 가교제의 농도에 따라서 감소하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.371-374
• /
• 2000

The electrochemical properties of LiM $n_2$ $O_4$as a cathode and an anode for the lithium secondary battery were evaluated. When LiM $n_2$ $O_4$ material was used as the cathode with the current collector of aluminum, the 1st specific capacity and the 1st Ah efficiency in LiM $n_2$ $O_4$/lithium cell were 123 mAh/g and 91.7%, respectively The anodic properties of LiM $n_2$ $O_4$ material was also evaluated in the LiM $n_2$ $O_4$/1ithium cell with the current collector of copper. It showed that the LiM $n_2$ $O_4$ was useful as the anode for the lithium secondary battery. During the 1st discharge, a potential plateau was observed at the potential of 0.3 $V_{Li}$ Li+/. The 1st specific charge capacity and the 1st specific discharge capacity were 790 mAh/s and 362 mAh/g, respectively. Therefore, the 1st Ah efficiency was 46%. The discharge capacity was gradually faded with the charge-discharge cycling to about 50th cycles. Thereafter, the discharge capacity was stabilized to about 110 mAh/g.