• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.403-403
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 강우시 도로지역에서 발생하는 비점오염물질 유출 및 수질특성을 살펴보고자 도로지역(국도 46호선)을 대상으로 총 16회의 강우사상에 대해 분석하였다. 모니터링 기간(2014년 5월~9월)동안 연구대상지역에는 3.2~80.3 mm의 강우가 발생하였으며, 강우강도는 0.39~11.29 mm/hr의 범위로 나타났다. 선행무강우일수는 0.3~20.1일이며, 총 유출량은 0.1~6.8 ㎥, 유출율은 0.24~0.85(평균 0.6)의 범위로 나타났다. 강우 모니터링 결과, 유량가중평균농도(Event Mean Concentration, EMC)는 TOC 4.9~56.2 mg/L(평균 18.0 mg/L), BOD 3.1~21.5 mg/L(평균 7.5 mg/L), COD 6.7~58.6 mg/L(평균 23.6 mg/L), SS 2.1~281.9 mg/L(평균 59.4 mg/L), T-N 1.07~13.46 mg/L(평균 4.89 mg/L) 그리고 T-P 0.065~0.680 mg/L(평균 0.23 mg/L)의 범위로 나타났으며, 강우계급별로 살펴보면 0~10 mm일 때 BOD 9.3 mg/L, COD 30.5 mg/L, SS 84.1 mg/L, T-N 5.42 mg/L, T-P 0.27 mg/L로, 10~30 mm일 때 BOD 6.6 mg/L, COD 22.0 mg/L, SS 29.0 mg/L, T-N 4.9 mg/L, T-P 0.20 mg/L로, 50 mm 이상의 강우에서는 BOD 3.6 mg/L, COD 7.1 mg/L, SS 46.4 mg/L, T-N 3.42 mg/L, T-P 0.10 mg/L로 강우계급별 EMC는 대부분 수질항목에 있어 10 mm 이하 계급의 평균 EMC가 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 그리고 각 강우사상에 대한 단위면적당 오염부하는 TOC 0.06~3.5 kg/ha, $BOD_5$ 0.03~1.6 kg/ha, CODMn 0.09~4.74 kg/ha, SS 0.09~35.99 kg/ha, T-N 0.012~2.600 kg/ha, T-P 0.001~0.062 kg/ha의 범위로 산정되었다. 도로지역은 불투수층 면적비율이 높아 누적강우량 10 mm 이하에서도 유출이 발생하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 작은 강우에도 초기유출이 발생하고 유출되는 오염물질 농도가 높은 경향을 나타내었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.692-700
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary selenium (Se) from Se-enriched kale sprout (SeKS), selenomethionine (SeMet), and sodium selenite (SS) on performance, carcass characteristics and Se concentrations in the tissues, and to study the relationship between Se concentrations in muscle and feather in growing quails. Methods: The 320 quails (7 d of age) were divided into four treatments, according to a completely randomized design. The treatments were T1: control diet; T2, T3, and T4: control diets plus 0.2 mg Se/kg from SS, SeMet, and SeKS, respectively. The performance, carcass characteristics, and Se concentrations in the tissues of quails were determined. Results: The results indicated no effect (p>0.05) of Se supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in breast muscle of quails. Supplemental Se from SS, SeMet, and SeKS increased greater (p<0.05) Se concentrations in breast muscle, liver, kidney, heart, and feather, compared to those of quails fed the control diet. Quails fed Se from SeMet had greater (p<0.05) Se concentrations in the tissues than quails fed Se from SeKS and SS. In addition, Se concentrations in breast muscle and feather of quails at 21 and 42-d-old were highly correlated (R2 0.714 to 0.756) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Performance, carcass characteristics and GSH-Px activity in breast muscle of quails were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary Se supplementation. The Se from SeMet was more effective in increasing Se concentrations in the tissues of quails than Se from SeKS and SS. Feather Se concentrations of 21 and 42-d-old quails can be used for assessment of Se bioavailability of Se sources.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.187-202
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The exposure to sucrose in rats has mimic abnormalities attributed to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The effects of honey bee and "free" glucose and fructose, have not been explored in this context. The aim was to expose Wistar rodents to sucrose solution (SS), honey solution (HS) and fructose/glucose solution (GFS) at 30% to assess their effects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: HS (n = 10), SS (n = 10) and GFS (n = 10) groups were formed. Solutions were ad libitum along 14-weeks. RESULTS: Between solutions consumptions, honey was significantly 42% higher (P = 0.000), while similar consumption was observed among GFS and SS. The feeding pattern of HS consumption was irregular along experiment; while the food intake pattern showed the similar trend among groups along time. Non statistical differences were obtained in any biochemical and anthropometric measure, however, a higher concentration of leptin (721 ± 507 pg/mL), lower concentration of total cholesterol (TC; 48.87 ± 2.41 mg/100 mL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL; 16.47 ± 6.55 mg/100 mL) and triglycerides (82.37 ± 32.77 mg/100 mL) was obtained in SS group. For anthropometric values, HS showed less total adipose tissue (AT; average 26 vs. 31-33 g) and adiposity index (average 6.11 vs. 7.6). Due to sugar-sweetened beverages consumption increases the risk for the development of chronic diseases; correlations between fluid intake and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed. A moderate correlation was obtained in groups with the weight of total AT and solution intake; for the weight gain in GFS group and for triglycerides in HS and GFS. The highest hepatic tissue damage was observed in SS group with multiple intracytoplasmic vacuoles, atypia changes, moderate pleomorphism and hepatocellular necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the significantly higher consumption of HS, biochemical, anthropometrical and histological effects were not remarkably different in comparision to other sweeteners.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.328-337
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• 2022

This study investigated the removal performance of a foam fractionator under seawater conditions. The foam fractionator was tested using a 3×3×3 factorial design for operating conditions by combining different solids concentrations (SS; 1, 5, and 10 mg·L^-1), surface air velocities (SAV; 1.1, 1.5, and 2.1 cm·sec^-1), and hydraulic residence times (HRT; 1, 3, and 6 min) at 16℃. Performance parameters such as daily solids removal rate and efficiency were measured, and a multi-regression model equation was developed accordingly. The daily solids removal rate and removal efficiency varied with the experimental conditions and ranged from 0.14-2.33 g-solids·m^-3-air·day^-1 and 8.9-96.7 %, respectively. Overall, the daily solids removal rate increased with increasing SS and SAV and decreasing HRT, whereas the removal efficiency increased with increasing SAV and HRT and decreasing SS. The daily solids removal rate (g-solids·m^-3-air·day^-1) of the foam fractionator for SAV (cm·sec^-1), SS (mg·L^-1) and HRT (min) were described by the following multi-regression model: Daily solids removal rate [f(z)]=-0.118+0.422SAV+0.094HRT+0.141SS (r²=0.873).

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.73-79
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• 1997

This research was intended as an investigation of applying Reduced Pressure Evaporation as efficient treatment method for landfill leachate. According to the variance of time, temperature, pressure and pH in experiments, the properties of leachate treatment are follows. The removal efficiencies of COD, NH$_{3}$-N, TOC, Conductivity and SS on the basis of reaction time was 96.4%-97.5%, -1.4%-53.7%, 81.7%-89.0%, 92.0%-95.3% and 99.86%-99.97%, respectively. When the pH of Influent was 7.5, the pH of effluent was increased to 10-11 with time elapse. It is concluded that the orgin of pH increase may be ammonia. When the properties of concentrate were investigated at the concentration ratio 90%(V/V), concentration difficiency represented in the ratio of experimental value/calculated value had following orders ; COD>TOC>NH$_{3}$-N>Conductivity>SS. Concentrate had good precipitation because of additive thermal treatment in the process. When evaporation experiments with pH adjustment of 4.0, 6.0, 7.5, 9.0 and 10.0 were performed ; Acidic evaporation experiments(pH 4.0, 6.0) showed low removal efficiency(81.6, 87.6%) of COD and high removal efficiency (97.5%. 84.6%) of NH$_{3}$-N at initial evaporation. Basic evaporation(pH 9.0, 10.0) showed high removal efficiency (97.2%, 98.9%) of COD and very low removal efficiency (-7.4%, -27.2%) of NH$_{3}$-N at initial evaporation.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.220-229
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• 2000

Deionized water and wastewater flux were discussed using module set 1-7 composed of ultrafiltration hollow fiber type modules and reverse osmosis spiral wound type modules. The separation characteristics of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes were discussed with the variation of applied pressure and temperature. Turbidity and SS were removed effectively from ultrafiltration mem¬brane, and removal efficiency of COD, T-N, and TDS using reverse osmosis membrane was very efficient. Permeate flux increased linearly with the increase of applied pressures and temperature. It was shown that ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes were suitable Lo the advanced treatment and reuse of oil refinery process effluent.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1221-1227
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• 2019

This paper describes a low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded index modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with quasi-orthogonal sequence (IM-OFDM-QOS) and provides performance evaluations of the proposed system. By using QOS as the spreading code, IM-OFDM-QOS scheme can improve the reception performance than IM-OFDM-SS scheme for a given data rate. On the other hand, LDPC code is widely used to the latest wireless communication systems as forward error correction (FEC) scheme and has Shannon-limit approaching performance. Therefore, by applying LDPC code to IM-OFDM-QOS system as FEC scheme, the reception performance can be further improved. Simulation results show that significant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains can be obtained for LDPC coded IM-OFDM-QOS system compared to the LDPC coded IM-OFDM-SS system and the SNR gain increases with the higher code rate.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.841-847
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• 2011

In this study, a method to determine the design capacities of nonpoint source (NPS) pollutant treatment facilities in urban areas was suggested. A facility capacity to treat 80 percent of total SS discharge was estimated by 2-year rainfall - runoff - build-up and wash-off simulation at Goonja drainage district in Seoul. For wash-off simulation, four wash-off models (EMC, RC, EXP, and Joo model) were used. As the results, 80 percent of total SS discharge could be treated with only 7.7~31.4% facility capacity of peak flow. The suggested method and results will provide a guideline to determine design capacities of NPS pollutant treatment facility in urban areas.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.238-247
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• 2012

To determine the possibility of solidified se wage sludge for use as a soil cover material in reclaimed land, the growth of energy crops and soil chemical properties investigated in each experimental plots during 2 years (2010 and 2011). The experimental plots consisted of the mixing with solidified sewage sludge plot (SS50), the covering with solidified sewage sludge plot (SS100), and the original reclaimed land plot (ORL) on reclaimed land for the intended landfill in Sudokwon Landfill Site Management Corporation (SLC). Plant height, measured in the second year (2011), was highest in the Geodae 1 grown at plots treated with solidified sewage sludge. The growth of energy crops cultivated in both SS50 and SS100 were better than in ORL. The contents of organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen (T-N) at both SS50 and SS100 were considerably higher than that of the ORL over 2 years. However, the soil from ORL showed higher salinity with high contents of exchangeable $Na^+$ cation than that of SS50 and SS100 over 2 years. We consider that soil chemical and physical properties on reclaimed land used in this study could be improved by the application of solidified sewage sludge due to following reasons. Firstly, the application of solidified sewage sludge may provide soil nutrients on reclaimed land i.e. the growth of energy crops better than in ORL, resulted in more OM and T-N contents in SS50 and SS100. Secondly, the top layers mixed or covered with solidified sewage sludge on reclaimed land may be prevented the salinity accumulation due to capillary rise to surface soil, and improved the cultivation layer for effectively propagating the rhizomes of energy crops. Thus the solidified sewage sludge may be a great soil cover materials for cultivation of bioenergy crops in reclaimed land.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

The characteristics of the rock cleavage of Jurassic Geochang granite were analysed using the parameters from the length and spacing-cumulative frequency diagrams. The evaluation for three planes and three rock cleavages was performed using the 25 parameters such as (1~2) slope angle(${\alpha}^{\circ}$and ${\beta}^{\circ}$), (3) intersection angle(${\alpha}-{\beta}^{\circ}$), (4) exponent difference(${\lambda}_S-{\lambda}_L$), (5~12) length of line(oa, ob, ol, os, ss', ll' and sl') and (13~15) length ratio(ol/os, ss'/ll' and ll'/sl'), (16) mean length((ss'+ll')/2), (17~23) area (${\Delta}oaa^{\prime}$, ${\Delta}obb^{\prime}$, ${\Delta}obb^{\prime}$, ${\Delta}oaa_a^{\prime}$, ${\Delta}obb_a^{\prime}$, ${\Delta}ll^{\prime}s^{\prime}$, ${\Delta}ss^{\prime}l^{\prime}$ and ⏢$ll^{\prime}ss^{\prime}$) and (24~25) area difference(${\Delta}obb^{\prime}-{\Delta}oaa^{\prime}$ and ${\Delta}obb_a^{\prime}-{\Delta}oaa_a^{\prime}$). Firstly, the values of the 11 parameters(group I: No. 1, 3~4, 7, 9~10, 13, 15~16, 20 and 25), the 3 parameters(group II: No. 5, 8 and 17) and the 2 parameters(group III: No. 12 and 22) are in orders of H(hardway) < G(grain) < R(rift), R < G < H and G < H < R, respectively. On the contrary, the values of parameters belonging to the above three groups show reverse orders for three planes. Secondly, the generalized chart for three planes and three rock cleavages were made. From the related chart, the distribution types formed by the two diagrams related to lengths and spacings were derived. The diagrams related to spacings show upward curvature in the chart of rift plane(G1 & H1, R') and hardway(H1 & H2, H). On the contrary, the diagrams related to lengths show downward curvature. These two diagrams take the form of a convex lens in the upper section. Besides, the two diagrams cross each other in the lower section. The overall shape formed by the above two diagrams between three planes($H^{\prime}{\rightarrow}G^{\prime}{\rightarrow}R^{\prime}$) and three rock cleavages($R{\rightarrow}G{\rightarrow}H$) display in reverse order. Lastly, these types of correlation analysis is useful for discriminating three quarrying planes.