• Title/Summary/Keyword: SPC

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Relationship of Somatic Cell Count, Physical, Chemical and Enzymatic Properties to the Bacterial Standard Plate Count in Different Breeds of Dairy Goats

  • Ying, Chingwen;Yang, Cheng-Bin;Hsu, Jih-Tay
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.554-559
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    • 2004
  • The objective of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of mastitis diagnostic indicators for different dairy goat breeds. Biweekly milk samples were collected from individual half mammary gland of seven Saanen and seven Alpine dairy goats in the period of 40 to 120 days in milk. With threshold value set at 2.8 and 3.1 for Alpine and Saanen dairy goats, respectively, log (SPC) offered good sensitivity (0.89, 0.93), specificity (0.88, 0.95), positive predictive value (0.75, 0.85) and negative predictive value (0.95, 0.98) as a mastitis diagnostic tool. The correlations of log (SPC) with milk yield, log (SCC), ALP, LDH, $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$ and EC were significant in Saanen dairy goats (p<0.05), with the highest correlation coefficient (0.653) existing between log (SPC) and log (SCC). The correlations of log (SPC) with milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, log (SCC), $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$, EC were significant in Alpine dairy goats (p<0.05), with the highest correlation coefficient (0.416) existing between log (SPC) and log (SCC). There were different best-fit regression equations with different multiple diagnostic indicators for Saanen and Alpine dairy goats. In conclusion, different breeds of dairy goats may have to adapt different mastitis diagnostic parameters for a better diagnosis.

AN INTEGRATED PROCESS CONTROL PROCEDURE WITH REPEATED ADJUSTMENTS AND EWMA MONITORING UNDER AN IMA(1,1) DISTURBANCE WITH A STEP SHIFT

  • Park, Chang-Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.381-399
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    • 2004
  • Statistical process control (SPC) and engineering process control (EPC) are based on different strategies for process quality improvement. SPC re-duces process variability by detecting and eliminating special causes of process variation, while EPC reduces process variability by adjusting compensatory variables to keep the quality variable close to target. Recently there has been need for an integrated process control (IPC) procedure which combines the two strategies. This paper considers a scheme that simultaneously applies SPC and EPC techniques to reduce the variation of a process. The process model under consideration is an IMA(1,1) model with a step shift. The EPC part of the scheme adjusts the process, while the SPC part of the scheme detects the occurrence of a special cause. For adjusting the process repeated adjustment is applied according to the predicted deviation from target. For detecting special causes the exponentially weighted moving average control chart is applied to the observed deviations. It was assumed that the adjustment under the presence of a special cause may increase the process variability or change the system gain. Reasonable choices of parameters for the IPC procedure are considered in the context of the mean squared deviation as well as the average run length.

Behavior of Solid Phase Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon Films at High Temperatures according to Raman Spectroscopy (라만 분석을 통한 비정질 실리콘 박막의 고온 고상 결정화 거동)

  • Hong, Won-Eui;Ro, Jae-Sang
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.7-11
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    • 2010
  • Solid phase crystallization (SPC) is a simple method in producing a polycrystalline phase by annealing amorphous silicon (a-Si) in a furnace environment. Main motivation of the crystallization technique is to fabricate low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors (LTPS-TFTs) on a thermally susceptible glass substrate. Studies on SPC have been naturally focused to the low temperature regime. Recently, fabrication of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) TFT circuits from a high temperature polycrystalline silicon process on steel foil substrates was reported. Solid phase crystallization of a-Si films proceeds by nucleation and growth. After nucleation polycrystalline phase is propagated via twin mediated growth mechanism. Elliptically shaped grains, therefore, contain intra-granular defects such as micro-twins. Both the intra-granular and the inter-granular defects reflect the crystallinity of SPC poly-Si. Crystallinity and SPC kinetics of high temperatures were compared to those of low temperatures using Raman analysis newly proposed in this study.

Hydrogen Production from Steam Reforming of n-Hexadecane over Ni-Based Hydrotalcite-Like Catalyst (니켈계 유사 하이드로탈사이트 촉매상에서 n-헥사데칸의 수증기 개질에 의한 수소 생산)

  • Lee, Seung-Hwan;Moon, Dong-Ju
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.412-418
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    • 2010
  • Steam reforming of n-hexadecane, a major component of diesel over Ni-based hydrotalcite-like catalyst was carried out at $900^{\circ}C$ at atmospheric pressure with space velocity of $10,000h^{-1}$ and feed molar ratio of steam/carbon=3.0. Ni-based hydrotalcite catalyst was prepared by a solid phase crystallization (spc) method and characterized by $N_2$-physisorption, CO chemisorption, TPR., XRD, and TEM techniques. It was found that spc Ni/MgAl catalyst showed higher catalytic stability and inhibition of carbon formation than Ni/$\gamma-Al_2O_3$ catalyst under the tested conditions. The results suggest that the modified spc-Ni/MgAl catalyst after optimization may be applied for the SR reaction of diesel.

Analytical studies of bovine mastitis management by standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC) (젖소 유방염 관리에 따른 세균 및 체세포수 등급 실태 조사 분석)

  • 허정호;정명호;박영호;조명희;이주홍
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.285-300
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    • 1998
  • 1. The number of average milking cows, clinical forms of mastitis, mastitis-developing cows, and cows killed by mastitis a year were 25.7, 1.8(7%), 6.3(26%), and 2.7(10.1%)heads, respectively. The annual grade changes of standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC) showed the grade 1A of SPC diminished sharply from April to August, we think it was due to the lack of proper management in farming season and the grade 3 of SCC indirectly influenced increased in huge during August. 2. The average number of parturitions of farms was 2.3, but 50% of below 1 parturition were 22 farms(31%), 50% of above 3 parturitions were 16(23%) out of 71 farms. According to grades of the number of parturitions of milking cows per each farm, the farms' grades recording 3 parturitions and 50% were little bit excellent. 3. The actual situation research of foremilking CMT revealed 35 out of 74 farmer didn't do CMT Among them(35 out of 74 farmers), 80% did not test thanks to the troublesome process of the CMT. SCC grade 3, among farms who did foremilking CMT once or twice a month and who did not were 29% and 40% respectively and SPC grade 1A were 55% and 9%, respectively. 4. The research of actual situation on milking management let us know 29 farms(39%) did not do lastmilking, 37 farms(49%) usually did overmilking, and 34 farms(46%) did milking for 4 or 5 minutes. Grades according to average requiring times of milking showed SCC grade 1 of farms milking within 7 minutes was 11% and SPC grade 1A was 34%, on the other side, farms milking more than 7 minutes were 0% in SCC grade 1 and 13% in SPC grade 1A. Grades according to the starting time of milking after rubbing teats showed SPC grade 1A of farms starting milking at about 1 minute and over 2 minutes were 50% and 20%, respectively. 5. The research of actual situation on hygienic milking management uncovered 65 farms(88%) were using one towel which was used in washing teats and udders to wash more than 3 to 4 cows, and 53 farms(72%) were using one dried towel to dry udders not for each cow but for more than 3 to 4 cows after washing. Also, on milking turns disclosed 30 farms(40%) were milking cows in the order of incoming without isolation of a dominant group. According to grades of towels used in washing teats and udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 56% and a towel for over 3 cows were 31% in SPC grade 1A. According to using-or-not grades of dried towels after washing udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 79% and a towel for over 3 cows were 21% in SPC grade 1A. 6. Farms doing teat-dipping before milking were 7(10%), not doing teat-dipping after milking, or doing sometimes were 9(12%), and doing right after milking were 57(77%). And farms doing teat-dipping after dry cows and before delivery were 21(28a ). Farms using bethadine as an antiseptic solution were 70(95%), 40 farms(59%) diluted it with water as weak as 5 to 10 times, and on drying cows 64 farms(87%) slowly did it more than 2 days. Grade 1A of SPC of farms doing teat-dipping at every milking was 38%, farms doing occasionally or not was 33%, and farms doing it right after milking was 37% and doing after milking more than 5 cows was 20%. Grade 1A of SPC among farms diluting bethadine 5 times and diluting 5 to 10 times with water were 36% and 33%, respectively, and Grade 3 of SCC were 35% and 32%, respectively. 7. Studies on nonlactating period medical treatment, as the cows were on dry, 54 farms treated with their own hands.73 farms(98%) had bovine mastitis treated for themselves. And on applying medicines against mastitis, 55 farmers chose them on the basis of their own experience, 42 farms(57%) were treated more than 3 days. 41 farms(55%) dumped away the mastitis infected milk separately, 24 farms(32%) were feeding and milking at the same time. 8. Fifty-six farms(76%) always washed and disinfected milking machines after milking. Farms using the milking machines at low, or variable vacuum pressures, or at the vacuum pressure, set at the moment of its installation were 31(42%), and farms that did not know pulsation ratio were 27(37%). Farms changing liners when they were torn 8(11%), 58 farms(78%) said they checked milking system when there were wrong with them, 31 farms(42%) changed milking hoses when they found out problems, and 42 farms(57%) cleaned vacuum and milking systems when they felt dirty. The SPC grade 1A of farms washing and sterilizing milking machines was 38% and farms only washing was 28%.

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A study on Application of EWMA Control Chart for Manufacturing Processes (제조공정 관리를 위한 EWMA 관리도의 적용에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jong-Gurl;Kim, Dong-Nyuk
    • Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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    • 2012.11a
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    • pp.445-451
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    • 2012
  • 제조공정에서 사용되어지는 SPC(Statistical Process Control)관리 기법은 가피원인을 탐지하여 변동을 감소시키는 통계적 공정관리 시스템이다. SPC의 대표적인 관리기법으로는 Shewhart관리도, Cusum관리도, EWMA관리도가 있으며 이러한 관리 기법들은 공정을 보다 안정적으로 관리 할 수 있도록 유지 및 예측하는데 사용 되어 진다. 본 논문에서는 일반적으로 사용되어 지는 Shewhart관리도와 공정 예측에 유리한 EWMA 관리도에 대해 연구해보고 공정변화에 민감하게 반응하는 EWMA 관리도의 적용 사례를 제시하고자 한다.

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An Operating Methodology of SPC System in LCD Industries (LCD 산업에서 SPC 시스템의 운영방법론)

  • Nam, Ho-Soo;Lee, Hyun-Woo;Choi, B.W.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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    • 2005.05a
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    • pp.387-392
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    • 2005
  • 본 논문에서는 LCD 공정관리에서 SPC 시스템의 주요내용 및 운영방법론을 논하고자 한다. 주요내용으로는 실시간 프로세스 모니터링 방법론, 유의차분석 방법론, 이상데이터의 분석, 공정능력의 분석, 관리도 및 결과의 조회 등을 들 수 있다. 또한, TFT-LCD 공정을 크게 Fab 공정인 TFT 공정, LC 공정 및 Module 공정으로 나누어 각 공정에서의 중요한 특성과 관리방법론을 제시하고자 한다.

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Applying an Expert System to Statistical Process Control (통계적 공정 제어에 전문가 시스템의 적용에 관한 연구)

  • 윤건상;김훈모;최문규
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 1995.10a
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    • pp.411-414
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    • 1995
  • Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a set of methodologies for signaling the presence of undesired sources of variation in manufacturing processes. Expert System in SPC can serve as a valuable tool to automate the analysis and interpretation of control charts. In this paper we put forward a method of successful application of Expert System to SPC in manufacturing process.

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Bacterial Distribution of Aquarium Water in Seoul Garak Fishery Market (서울시내 수산시장에 설치된 가판 수족판수의 세균 분포)

  • 함희진;한창호;차영섭
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.47-50
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    • 2001
  • Of 643 aquarium water samples, 374(58.2%) were less than 1.0$\times$103 SPC/ml, seasonally, were 56.7% of samples in Spring. 38.7% in Summer,84.5% in Autumn, and 57.7% in Winter, respectively. a1so 3(0.47%) were over 1.0 $\times$ 105. E.coli and V. parahaemolyticus distribution was relatively high when SPC/ml was much. At the aspect of the water quality management, 98.3%(177/181) were cleaned over once a week. 69.1%(125/181) were cleaned over twice a week.

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An On-Line Real-Time SPC Scheme and Its Performance

  • Nishina, Ken
    • International Journal of Quality Innovation
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.30-49
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    • 2001
  • This paper considers a recent environment in the manufacturing process in which data in large amounts can be obtained on-line in real-time. Under this environment an on-line real-time Statistical Process Control (SPC) scheme equipped with detection of a process change, change-point estimation, and recognition of the change pattern is proposed. The proposed SPC scheme is composed of a Cusum chart, filtering methods and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). We examine the performance of this scheme by Monte Carlo simulation and show its usefulness.

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