• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.115-141
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• 2011

In urban space, public space is publicly or privately owned space freely accessible by the public. Privately owned public space to the public hosts small-scale rest facilities to serve the public in buildings of certain purposes and sizes for the sake of pleasant urban environment. The Building Act and building ordinances formulate a set of criteria for management and easement of construction standards as well as the area. When creating privately owned public space, one can get incentives through the easement of floor space index and height limit. The purposes of this study were to investigate and analyze privately owned public open space, which is freely accessible by the public, and its adjacent streets and to propose plans to improve the regulations for securing privately owned public space for more rational and practical legal applications. The study then proposed some plans to help to increase the quality of privately owned public space including applying the coefficient to suggest the type of privately owned public space fit for the features of the streets and measure the appropriate utility level differently and distinguishing the mandatory items according to the facility regulations in privately owned public space from the ones qualified for additional points in case of installation. The types of privately owned public open space should be applied differently and the content of facilities intended should be different according to whether it will serve as a resting place or grant more importance on traffic by walking, depending on the features of its adjacent streets. The privately owned public space, the frontage space of building, and the adjacent sidewalks should become a whole and be regarded as one space from the integrated perspective. The results of the study claim further significance in that it investigated privately owned open space and roadside across Seoul. They will serve as useful data to solve the problems with the privately owned public space of the city, which destroys spatial continuity by focusing on the quantitative increase of privately owned open space and creating individual privately owned open spaces and builds high-rise buildings alienated from the existing spaces, and to increase the quality of future privately owned public space.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.101-104
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• 2009

This study investigated compensatory mechanisms in the brain during a verbal working memory task among people with Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). A total of 21 college male students participated in the study: eleven AUD participants and 10 normal controls. Study participants were asked to complete the Korean version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (K-WAIS-III) prior to the fMRI experiment. Verbal 0-back and 2-back tasks were used to assess brain activities of the participants' verbal working memory. Brain scanning was performed on Siemens SONATA 1.5T Scanner while participants were performing the 0-back and 2-back tasks. Within the AUD group, participants with greater dependency to alcohol (based on DSM-IV criteria) in the past 1 year showed lower mean score on the 'Similarities' of the K-WAIS-III (r=-0.63, p<0.05, N=11). The more participants experienced alcohol withdrawal symptoms in the past 1 year, the lower the score they received on the K-WAIS-III 'Picture Arrangement' (r=-0.69, p<0.05, n=11). The fMRI regression results showed that individuals who present greater degree of alcohol dependency symptoms are likely to show greater brain activation in the bilateral middle frontal gyri (BA 9) during the verbal working memory task. The degree of alcohol withdrawal symptoms were associated with increased brain activation in the left superior and middle frontal gyri (BA8), left precentral gyrus (BA 6), and left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40). The study findings showed that the degree of alcohol abuse/dependence and withdrawal symptoms were associated with decreased cognitive function and increased activations in brain regions particularly important for abstract reasoning (BA 9), central executive (BA 9), or spatial storage (BA 40) during a working memory task. Therefore, these results could support previous studies suggesting that the neural system of people with ADD may adopt a brain compensatory mechanism to maintain normal level of cognitive functions.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.240-250
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• 2018

By the end of 2017, in a world of 7.6 billion people, there were inequalities in healthcare indices both within and between nations, and this gap continues to increase. Therefore, this study aims to understand the current status of regional inequalities in healthcare indices and to find an action plan to tackle regional health inequality through a geo-economic review in Korea. Since 2008, there was great inequality in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy by region in not only metropolitan cities but also districts in Korea. While the community health statistics from 2008-2017 show a continuous increase of inequality during the last 10 years in most healthcare indices related to noncommunicable diseases (except for some, like smoking), the inequality has doubled in 254 districts. Furthermore, health inequality intensified as the gap between urban (metropolitan cities) and rural regions (counties) for rates of obesity (self-reported), sufficient walking practices, and healthy lifestyle practices increased from twofold to fivefold. However, regionalism and uneven development are natural consequences of the spatial perspective caused by state-lead developmentalism as Korea has fixed the accumulation strategy as its model for growth with the background of export-led industrialization in the 1960s and heavy and chemical industrialization in the 1970s, although the Constitution of the Republic of Korea recognizes the legal value of balanced development within the regions by specifying "the balanced development of the state" or "ensuring the balanced development of all regions." In addition, the danger of a 30% decline or extinction of local government nationwide is expected by 2040 as we face not only a decline in general and ageing populations but also the era of the demographic cliff. Thus, the government should continuously operate the "Special Committee on Regional Balanced Development" with a government-wide effort until 2030 to prevent disparities in the health conditions of local residents, which is the responsibility of the nation in terms of strengthening governance. To address the regional inequalities of rural and urban regions, it is necessary to re-adjust the basic subsidy and cost-sharing rates with local governments of current national subsidies based mainly on population scale, financial independence of local government, or distribution of healthcare resources and healthcare indices (showing high inequalities) overall.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.797-809
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• 2006

To support the QoS streams for large scale clients, the internal resources of VOD servers should be utilized based on the characteristics of the streaming media service. Among the various resources in the server, the main memory is used for the buffer space to the media data loaded from the disks and the buffer hit ratio has a great impact upon the server performance. However, if the buffer data with high hit ratio are replaced for the new media data as a result of the number of clients and the required movie titles are increased, the negative impact on the scalability of server performance is occurred. To address this problem, the buffer replacement policy considers the intrinsic characteristics of the streaming media such as the sequential access to large volume data and the highly disproportionate preference to specific movies. In this paper, the preference-based segment buffer replacement policy is proposed in the cluster-based VOD server to exploit the characteristics of the streaming media. Since the proposed method reflects both the temporal locality by the clients' preference and the spatial locality by the sequential access to media data, the buffer hit ratio would be improved as compared to the existing buffer replacement policy. The enhanced buffer hit ratio causes the fact that the performance scalability of the cluster-based VOD server is linearly improved as the number of cluster nodes is increased.

• Atmosphere
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2020

In this study, Yeongdong cold air damming (YCAD) cases that occur in winters have been selected using automatic weather station data of the Yeongdong region of Korea. The vertical and horizontal scales of YCAD were analyzed using rawinsonde and numerical weather model. YCAD occurred in two typical synoptic patterns such that low pressure and trough systems crossing and passing over Korea (low crossing type: LC and low passing type: LP). When the Siberian high does not expand enough to the Korean peninsula, low pressure and trough systems are likely to move over Korea. Eventually this could lead to surface temperature (3.1℃) higher during YCAD than the average in the winter season (1.6℃). The surface temperature during YCAD, however, was decrease by 1.3℃. The cold air layer was elevated around 120 m~450 m for LP-type. For LC-type, the cold layer were found at less than approximately 400 m and over 1,000 m, which could be thought of combined phenomena with synoptic and local weather forcing. The cross-sectional analysis results indicate the accumulation of cold air on the east mountain slope. Additionally, the north or northeasterly winds turned to the northwesterly wind near the coast in all cases. The horizontal wind turning point of LC-type was farther from the top of the mountain (52.2 km~71.5 km) than that of LP-type (20.0 km~43.0 km).

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.127-134
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• 2012

This study analyzed the present status of services by fire-suppression mobilization time of fire station where is located in Jinju city, by using network analysis of GIS targeting fire station(five 119 safety centers, one 119 division) in Jinju city area. As a result, it was indicated to be 15.9% in the ratio with less than 5 minutes of mobilization time, 34.7% in the ratio with less than 8 minutes, 94% in the ratio with less than 20 minutes out of the whole fire service area in Jinju city. Even districts with more than 20 minutes were analyzed to reach 6%. Especially, to solve vulnerability to approach the fire service in uptown districts(Jinseong, Jisu, Sabong, Ilbanseong, the whole area of Ibanseong), the 119 division is installed more to be operated. However, accessibility is still remaining in low level. Also, in case of 119 safety center of Cheonjeon, the national industrial complex and the general industrial complex are being formed on a large scale. However, analyzing the fire service level in the corresponding area, the districts with more than 8 minutes and less than 20 minutes were existing broadly. In consequence of analyzing the fire service area in Jinju city with the fire-suppression mobilization time as the above, the fire service level is failing to escape largely from the status prior to the urban-rural consolidation compared to what the jurisdictional area was largely expanded by which the administrative districts were integrated by the urban-rural consolidation in locally small-and medium-sized city. Thus, there is a need of a measure for improving this.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.121-130
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• 2005

Geographical Information System(GIS) was established to display the calculation results which show the concentration change with time and regions in case of an accidental release of radionuclides from Kori Nuclear Power Plants. GIS included the commercial program, ArcView(ESRI), and a basic digital map of 1:5000 scale lot 20km by 20km around Kori area. The object for the presentation was $^{131}I$ concentration in rice which is one of staple foodstuffs. Provided by deposited $^{131}I$ concentrations, ECOREA-II code computed the $^{131}I$ concentration of the soil and the plant in the area divided by In unit cells in total, in which the concentrations also varied with time. The results were introduced into the attributed data of previously designed polygon cells in ArcView. In order to display the concentration change with time by monotonic color, the RGB value for ArcView color lamp was controlled. This display definitely helped the concentration change around Kori area be acceptable to public.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.488-498
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• 2008

Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model have been widely used in simulating hydrology and water quality analysis at watershed scale. The SWAT model extracts topographic feature using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for hydrology and pollutant generation and transportation within watershed. Use of various DEM cell size in the SWAT leads to different results in extracting topographic feature for each subwatershed. So, it is recommended that model users use very detailed spatial resolution DEM for accurate hydrology analysis and water quality simulation. However, use of high resolution DEM is sometimes difficult to obtain and not efficient because of computer processing capacity and model execution time. Thus, the SWAT Topographic Feature Extraction Error (STOPFEE) Fix module, which can extract topographic feature of high resolution DEM from low resolution and updates SWAT topographic feature automatically, was developed and evaluated in this study. The analysis of average slope vs. DEM cell size revealed that average slope of watershed increases with decrease in DEM cell size, finer resolution of DEM. This falsification of topographic feature with low resolution DEM affects soil erosion and sediment behaviors in the watershed. The annual average sediment for Soyanggang-dam watershed with DEM cell size of 20 m was compared with DEM cell size of 100 m. There was 83.8% difference in simulated sediment without STOPFEE module and 4.4% difference with STOPFEE module applied although the same model input data were used in SWAT run. For Imha-dam watershed, there was 43.4% differences without STOPFEE module and 0.3% difference with STOPFEE module. Thus, the STOPFEE topographic database for Soyanggang-dam watershed was applied for Chungju-dam watershed because its topographic features are similar to Soyanggang-dam watershed. Without the STOPFEE module, there was 98.7% difference in simulated sediment for Chungju-dam watershed for DEM cell size of both 20 m and 100 m. However there was 20.7% difference in simulated sediment with STOPFEE topographic database for Soyanggang-dam watershed. The application results of STOPFEE for three watersheds showed that the STOPFEE module developed in this study is an effective tool to extract topographic feature of high resolution DEM from low resolution DEM. With the STOPFEE module, low-capacity computer can be also used for accurate hydrology and sediment modeling for bigger size watershed with the SWAT. It is deemed that the STOPFEE module database needs to be extended for various watersheds in Korea for wide application and accurate SWAT runs with lower resolution DEM.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.511-524
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• 2017

This study was carried out for the purpose of creating a restoration plan to improve the ecological quality of the Changwon and Nam streams. Based upon the results of comprehensive diagnostic assessment, restoration priority was given to the upstream reach, where conservation status is relatively superior. Restoration level was usually determined to practice active restoration as conservation, and the states of both Changwon and Nam streams were not so good. Restoration plans, by reach, were classified into "upstream", "midstream", and "downstream" were suggested in both terms of horizontal section frame and vegetation-based on the result of diagnostic assessment and the reference information. "Upstream", "mid-stream" and the "downstream" of Changwon and Nam streams were classified into "small-gravel- mountainous", "small-sand-plain", and "small-clay-plain streams" respectively (based on scale, and substrate and slope of river bed). The spatial arrangement of vegetation was laid out in diagram form by reflecting micro-topography and the water level of the horizontal section of river. Information regarding species composition was recommended as dominant species, which appear frequently in three vegetation zones composed of herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees and sub-tree- dominated zones divided by reflecting disturbance regime, depending on position on the horizontal section of river. Moreover, there have been prepared not only plans to improve the terrestrial ecosystems around the streams but also plans to create ecological networks, which can serve to improve the ecologic quality of the whole regional environment by serving to connect streams and terrestrial ecosystems, a process probably necessary and definitely recommended to realize true (genuine) restoration. Plans for ecological parks and networks were prepared by mimicking the species composition of Alnus japanica community, Zelkova serrata community, Carpinus laxiflora community, Quercus aliena community, and Q. serrata community.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.11 no.2 s.25
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• pp.17-28
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• 2003

Since 1970s, Seoul Metropolitan Area has been growing in physical and demographic aspect. A number of new urban fringes, New City, had been particularly developed from the early of 1990s. To examine the urban growth, the population density maps are generally used to the efficient urban management tool. The density maps from political boundaries, however, were traditionally used to estimate an urban concentration, there is problems to apply directly to urban management decision making due to (i) the abrupt changes between boundaries and (ii) the inclusion of green areas and forests in these areas. The mass-preserving interpolation method, the Pycnophylactic interpolation, could provide more realistic density maps. In addition, the classified urban areas from satellite images corresponding years would turn out to be more reliable results since populations were only applied to urbanized areas. Even though the Pyconophylactic method makes the density larger, it would be useful to produce a general urban growth trend at large scale. Consequently, four different density maps are compared and reviewed for this study, and the cross-sectional analysis provided to glimpse of population density around the city center.