• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Complex school facilities are being considered to meet increased public demands for culture and welfare in Korea, given the decreasing population. In this context, Gyeongi-do Hwaseong City's E-umteo is recognized as a relatively well-operated school complex. Therefore, this study considered seven E-umteo branches as case studies to examine the operations of educational programs and understand the techniques employed in the spatial configuration of E-umteo. To this end, field observations and interviews with facility operators were conducted. The case analysis results revealed that educational programs could be classified into three types: learning sharing , community communication, and lifelong learning. Furthermore, the learning sharing type was classified into education and physical education while the community communication type was classified into the community and convenience types. Meanwhile, lifelong learning was identified as the most actively used type by differentiating specialized programs. With regard to the spatial composition between the school and the "pitcher," only the connection and independent types were observed, and no integral type was discovered. Therefore, integrated future studies are mandated.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.120-129
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• 2016

The user cost is an important analysis item which should be considered together with life-cycle of facility, administrator cost and discount rate in LCCA for efficient asset management of SOC facilities. Especially, a significant delay cost occurs often for users in the road field due to a work zone for cleaning and maintenance, and in such case, the administrator should consider the administrator cost as well as the user cost for more rational decision making. However, the user cost has not been considered in most decision making steps until recently and relevant studies also have not been carried out actively. In this study, the methodology to estimate the user cost and delay cost required in the decision making step using the traffic flow model and the direct benefit estimation model in the traffic facility investment evaluation guideline is suggested. And, the traffic flow model was estimated on 4 national highway sections where maintenance was actually carried out in 2014 using VISSIM and, the user cost and the delay cost were estimated based on the suggested methodology. The analysis result showed that the average user cost of $17,569,000KRW/km{\times}day$ occurred on Section A with approximately 30,000 AADT before a work zone occurred, and in case the first lane was blocked for maintenance, the delay cost of $10,193,000KRW/km{\times}day$ (158%) on average occurred additionally. The delay cost of $1,507,000KRW/km{\times}day$ (115%) and $1,985,000KRW/km{\times}day$ (119%) occurred on Sections B and D with approximately 20,000 AADT respectively and the delay cost of $262,000KRW/km{\times}day$ (105%) occurred on Section C with approximately 10,000 AADT. This result of this study was estimated based on the simulation of traffic flow model so that there is a limitation in its actual application. A study ot develop a highly appropriate model using actual observation data and improve the possibility to apply it through the verification using the simulation will be necessary in future.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2013

In 2005, the government introduced BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease) projects as one of the methods of private investment in infrastructure. In a BTL project, a private company builds a public facility and leases it to the government to withdraw its invested capital. But there appear several problems with it due to a short period of preparation and lack of experiences. Specifically, private companies that plan to participate in this project have to take a risk since serious problems are likely to take place because of unrealistic estimation of construction costs, etc., and they finally avoid participating in this project. A case study was made over advanced countries, Japan and the United Kingdom, to find out how to resolve the problems, and rational 7 improvement method were presented from a perspective of Special Purpose Company (SPC), which could be accepted by both of SPC and government agencies. The findings of the study are expected to provide workable solutions to BTL projects from a standpoint of private companies to facilitate the rational improvement of BTL projects, and this study is ultimately expected to stimulate the active participation of SPC to make a contribution to the vitalization of domestic BTL projects.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

This study presents a model for educational planning based on user participatory design for the purposes of curriculum development and educational space innovation. It reviewed previous research and practices related to educational space innovation, educational planning processes, and user participation design and suggested a draft model. This model was applied in the renovation project of an elementary school, and the problems encountered during the application were reflected upon and used to improve the model. The final model comprises four phases. Phase 1 is an initial exploratory phase foruser participation, where educational planners and users form a shared perspective regarding the future of education. Phase 2 is a needs-analysis phase for the transition to future education, which focuses on setting the overall direction of the school-level curriculum. Phase 3 specifies the direction of future school curricula and identifies needs for educational spaces. Finally, Phase 4 focuses on the interaction between educational and space planners. Based on the above discussion, the study discussed the benefits and limitations of this educational planning model for school space innovation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.168-181
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• 2024

Constructed wetlands (CWs) deliver a range of ecosystem services, including the removal of contaminants, sequestration and storage of carbon, and enhancement of biodiversity. These services are facilitated through hydrological and ecological processes such as infiltration, adsorption, water retention, and evapotranspiration by plants and microorganisms. This study investigated the correlations between microbial populations, soil physicochemical properties, and treatment efficiency in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF CW) treating runoff from roads and parking lots. The methods employed included storm event monitoring, water quality analysis, soil sampling, soil quality parameter analysis, and microbial analysis. The facility achieved its highest pollutant removal efficiencies during the warm season (>15℃), with rates ranging from 33% to 74% for TSS, COD, TN, TP, and specific heavy metals including Fe, Zn, and Cd. Meanwhile, the highest removal efficiency was 35% for TOC during the cold season (≤15℃). These high removal rates can be attributed to sedimentation, adsorption, precipitation, plant uptake, and microbial transformations within the CW. Soil analysis revealed that the soil from HSSF CW had a soil organic carbon content 3.3 times higher than that of soil collected from a nearby landscape. Stoichiometric ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in the inflow and outflow were recorded as C:N:P of 120:1.5:1 and 135.2:0.4:1, respectively, indicating an extremely low proportion of N and P compared to C, which may challenge microbial remediation efficiency. Additionally, microbial analyses indicated that the warm season was more conducive to microorganism growth, with higher abundance, richness, diversity, homogeneity, and evenness of the microbial community, as manifested in the biodiversity indices, compared to the cold season. Pollutants in stormwater runoff entering the HSSF CW fostered microbial growth, particularly for dominant phyla such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, which have shown moderate to strong correlations with specific soil properties and changes in influent-effluent concentrations of water quality parameters.