• 유통과학연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to address the overlooked micro-level aspects within Smart Manufacturing (SM) research, rectifying the misalignment in manufacturing firms' estimation of their technological adoption capabilities. Drawing upon the Social-Technical Systems (STS) theory, this paper utilises innovation capability as a mediating variable, constructing a human-centric organizational model to bridge this research gap. Research design, data and methodology: This study collected data from 233 Chinese manufacturing firms via online questionnaires. Introducing innovation capability as a mediating variable, it investigates the impact of social-technical system dimensions (work design, social subsystems, and technical subsystems) on SM adoption willingness. Smart PLS 4.0 was employed for data analysis, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) validated the theoretical model's assumptions. Results: In direct relationships, social subsystems, technical subsystems, and work design positively influence firms' innovation capabilities, which, in turn, positively impact SM adoption. However, innovation capability does not mediate the relationship between technical subsystems and SM adoption. Conclusions: This study focuses on the internal micro-level of organisational employees, constructing a human-centric framework that emphasises the interaction between organisations and technology. The study fills empirical gaps in Smart Manufacturing adoption, providing organisations with a means to examine the integration of employees and the organisational social-technical system.

• 센서학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2011

This paper describes the design and analyses of vibration driven electromagnetic energy harvester with high power generation which is suitable for supplying power generator from human body motion. The proposed harvester consists of magnet, coil, and SM (Soft magnetic Material). In order to generate more induced voltage, the SM to concentrate flux lines from end of magnetic poles was arranged into insert moving magnet. Each model was designed and analyzed by using ANSYS software to simulation. The maximum power is generated when load resistance of $1303\;{\Omega}$ is equal to coil resistance. The generated maximum power of for harvesters with SM is $677.85\;{\mu}W$ and 5.46 times higher than without SM at 6 Hz vibration frequency.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.421-429
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• 2014

We consider the problem of scheduling communications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to ensure battery preservation through the use of the sleeping mode of sensors.We propose a communication protocol for 1-hop WSNs and extend it to multi-hop WSNs through the use of a 1-hop clustering algorithm.We propose to schedule communications in each cluster in a virtual communication ring so as to avoid collisions. Since clusters are cliques, only one sensor can speak or listen in a cluster at a time, and all sensors need to speak in each of their clusters at least once to realize the communication protocol. We model this situation as a mathematical program.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.33-54
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• 2012

Objective : This study was carried out to compare Saengmaeksan-gamibang(SG) to Saengmaeksan(SM) on the efficacy of moisturization, skin whitening, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergy in atopic dematitis using NC/Nga mice model. Methods : We assessed the effects of SG and SM on tyrosinase, filaggrin, serine-palmitoyl transferase(SPT), COX-2, AP-1 in vitro, on IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgG1, IFN-${\gamma}$ in vivo with NC/Nga mice. Results : 1. SG increased the tyrosinase inhibition activity and the levels of filaggrin and SPT, decreasing the level of COX-2. 2. On the other hand, SM decreased the tyrosinase inhibition activity and the levels of filaggrin and SPT, increasing the level of COX-2. 3. Serum IgE, IL-4, 5, 6, IgM, and IgG1 were decreased in both SG group and SM group compared to the control group. The decrease degree in these factors was higher in SG than in SM. 4. Serum IFN-${\gamma}$ was increased in both SG group and SM group compared to the control group. The increase degree in IFN-${\gamma}$ was higher in SG than in SM. Conclusion : As the result of the above experiments, it was proved that SG has the moisturization, skin whitening, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergy effects, which are greater than those of SM, and provides the significant efficacy on atopic dermatitis treatment.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2012

The preparation of $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ in Igepal CO-520/cyclohexane reverse micelle solutions has been studied. In the present work, we synthesized nanosized $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ powders by reverse micelle process using aqueous ammonia as the precipitant; hydroxide precursor was obtained from nitrate solutions dispersed in the nanosized aqueous domains of a micro emulsion consisting of cyclohexane as the oil phase, and poly (xoyethylene) nonylphenylether (Igepal CO-520) as the non-ionic surfactant. The synthesized and calcined powders were characterized by Thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystallite size was found to increase with increase in water to surfactant (R) molar ratio. Average particle size and distribution of the synthesized $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ were below 10 nm and narrow, respectively. TG-DTA analysis shows that phase of $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ nanoparticles changed from monoclinic to tetragonal at approximately $560^{\circ}C$. The phase of the synthesized $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ with heating to $600^{\circ}C$ for 30 min was tetragonal $CeO_2$. This study revealed that the particle formation process in reverse micelles is based on a two step model. The rapid first step is the complete reduction of the metal to the zero valence state. The second step is growth, via reagent exchanges between micelles through the inter-micellar exchange.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

Purpose - The entry of Super Supermarkets (SSM), operated by large corporations, into the retail distribution market weakens the competitive power of local supermarkets (SM) and their families leading to a rapid collapse of the local-SM market. Accordingly, this is a very sensitive and urgent issue in Korean society and politics. Therefore, the government is required to take steps to activate a local-SM market and regain the loyalty of their customers. However, in spite of the urgent need of a comparative study on the advantages and competitive power of local-SM in relation to the SSM, little research has been done on this issue to date. One purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in store characteristics of the local SM and SSM, and to explore the relationships amongst various store characteristics, such as consumption emotion, relation quality, and store loyalty between store types to provide an efficient solution to activate a local-SM market. Research design, data, methodology - To analyze the differences in the evaluation of store characteristics between store types, and to test the moderator and mediator effects, data were collected from 488 customers in Seoul, Incheon,and Gyeonggi Province. The theoretical model consists of four hypotheses, and data was processed to test these using factor analysis, t-test, regression analysis, hierarchical regression, and the three step regression proposed by Baron and Kenny. Results - First, the analysis shows that local-SM customers evaluate location characteristic factors significantly higher compared to SSM customers. However, SSM customers evaluate quality of merchandise, sales promotion activities, and store environment significantly higher. Yet, there are no significant differences in the evaluation of consumption emotion, relation quality,and store loyalty between the store types. Second, the analysis of moderator effects of the store type show that sales promotion and store atmosphere factors have a significantly negative moderating effecton positive consumption emotion, while positive consumption emotion has a significantly positive moderating effect on absorption of relation quality, while there are no significant moderating effects between consumption emotion and store loyalty. Third, while both trust and absorption of relation quality are partially mediated between consumption emotion and store loyalty, only absorption is partially mediated between positive consumption emotion and store loyalty. There are no significant mediating effects of absorption between negative consumption emotion and store loyalty. Conclusions - We strongly recommend that location restrictions on entrance of SSM into local-SM market should either be further strengthened or sustained for the activation of the local store market. Government should strengthen financial support to improve the quality of merchandise, sales promotion, employee education, store environment of the local-SM by providing appropriate business consulting. Moreover, the result implies that the owners of alocal-SM should take measures to increase customers' absorption and store loyalty, such as store cleanliness, maintaining a delightful atmosphere at the store, and training employees on attitudes towards customers. As this study is restricted within Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province, care needs to be taken in generalizing the interpretation and application to the national level.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2004

The policrystalline$SmBa_2$$Cu_2$$O_{y}$ was synthesized by the solid state reaction method. The dependence of AC susceptibility on temperature and applied ac field was studied. The critical temperature $T_{c}$ is about 92 K. As the ac field is increased, the slope and the value of real part of susceptibility become smaller and the peak position of imaginary part $T_{P}$ was shifted to a lower temperature with peak broadening. Using Bean's model, we determined intergrain critical current density $J_{c}$ and obtained $44 A/{cm}^2$ at 75 K. From the relation of the $J_{c}$ (T)=($1-T/T_{c}$ )$^{\beta}$ we obtained $\beta$=0.8 and found that the Josephson junction type of the $SmBa_2$$Cu_2$$O_{y}$ is SIS junction. The peak of the imaginary part shifts to higher temperature with increasing frequency, f. from Arrhenius plot, we obtained the activation energy of about 0.96 eV.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.766-777
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• 2018

In this paper, a sliding mode and proportional plus integral (SM-PI) control combined with self-sustained phase shift modulation (SSPSM) for LLC resonant converters is presented. The proposed control scheme improves the transient response while preserving good steady-state performance. An averaged large signal model of an LLC converter with the ZVS modulation technique is developed for the SM control design. The sliding surface is obtained based on the input-output linearization concept. A system identification method is adopted to obtain the transform function of the LLC resonant converter, which is used to design the PI control. In order to reduce the inherent chattering problem in the steady state, the combined SM-PI control strategy is derived with fuzzy control, where the SM control is responsive during the transient state while the PI control prevails in the steady state. The combination of SSPSM and the SM-PI control provides ZVS operation, robustness and a fast transient response against step load variations. Simulation and experimental results validate the theoretical analysis and the attractive features of the proposed scheme.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 분광타원분석법을 이용하여 최근 주목 받고 있는 microwave dielectric materials 인 $BaSm_2Ti_4O_{12}$ 박막의 광 특성을 $0.92{\sim}8.6\;eV$ 에너지 영역에서 분석하였다. 광역 에너지영역에서 측정이 가능한 Vacuum Ultra Violet spectroscopic ellipsometer를 사용하여 시료의 광 스펙트럼을 측정 하였으며, 측정된 스펙트럼으로부터 $BaSm_2Ti_4O_{12}$ 박막의 광 특성을 얻기 위하여 Tauc-Lorentz 분산 함수를 이용하였고, 고 에너지 영역대의 새로운 피크구조 (structure) 를 최초로 발견하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration capability of silk membrane plus 3% 4-hexylresorcinol (3% 4-HR plus SM) in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Bilateral round shaped defects were created in the parietal bone (diameter: 8.0 mm). And the defects were covered with (1) 3% 4-HR plus SM, (2) collagen membrane (CM), (3) no graft material. After surgery, the animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Bone regeneration was analyzed in each section by micro-computerized tomography (${\mu}$-CT). And Hematoxylin and eosin stains were used for histological analysis. As measured by ${\mu}$-CT analysis 4 weeks after surgery, the average of new bone formation in animals treated with 3% 4-HR plus SM was greater than that of animals treated with CM. and the difference was statistically significant. And well organized lamella bones were observed in the histological view of the 3% 4-HR plus SM group. Therefore, more bone regeneration was seen in animals treated with 3% 4-HR plus SM than in those treated with CM or uncovered control.