• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to review and verify whether the functions and effect of roadside trees generally known in theory are actually realized in urban roads and how well they are performed if the function and effect are really realized. The study was conducted with a focus on air purification effect of roadside trees. The m헤r study result is as follows. First, calculation of air purification effect of roadside trees showed that it is minimal. However, 7.4 units of broad-leaved trees is necessary in order to purify $SO_2$ discharged by one passenger car and 1,803.3 trees to purify $NO_2$. Second, regarding pollutant absorption capacity, air pollutant absorption capacity increased as the number of rows planted gets higher (i.e., 2-row plantation absorbs pollutant better than I-row plantation). In particular, "2-row plantation + lower-level shrub + buffer green belt" was as eight times high as "I-row plantation" in absorption capacity. Third, out of 30 roads with over 8 lanes in 15 cities, only 33.3% or a total of ten roads in seven cities had a median strip. Out of these ten roads, nine roads were planted in a double-layer consisting forest trees, shrubs, ground plants (grass). Analysis showed that out of six tree species planted along these roads, about a half of them were weak to air pollution. Also, based on the outcome of this study, charging a "plantation due" when people purchase a new car, improving layout of roadside trees, and reinforcing plantation of air purification tree species when selecting tree species for roadside trees were proposed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2004

The research was carried out to define the environmental characteristics and vegetation structure of the evergreen fern habitat in Jejudo. The growth conditions of evergreen fern in various habitats was surveyed, including topographical features, vegetation structure, air temperature, humidity, intensity of light, water content and organic matter content in the soil. In the direction of the native habitat, 70% of research area was located in the southeast-facing slopes, 30% was located in southern slopes. The gradient ranged from $0^{\circ}$ to $30^{\circ}$. Temperature ranged from $16^{\circ}C$ to $28^{\circ}C$, and $22.3^{\circ}C$ was the average. Humidity ranged from 20 to 68%, and 36% was the average. In the native habitat, the highest light intensities reached 60,000 to 80,0001ux, but in general ranged from 300 to 40001ux. Water content in the soil ranged from 32% to 59%, organic matter content ranged from 8 to 13%. Within a unit of 25$m^2$, there were tall-tree layer such as Quercus galuca and Castanopsis cuspidata with a covering of rate 40~80%, a sub-tall-tree layer such as Camellia japonica, Staphylea bumalda and Sambucus williamsii with the covering rate of 3~5%, a shrub layer with the covering rate of 5~20%, and a grass layer with the covering rate of 40~95%. This research provides the basic data about the native habitat environment of the evergreen fern plant. Continuous monitoring and accumulation of data is necessary for the use of evergreen fern as vegetation materials.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.557-563
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• 2016

To improve the germination of Spiraea fritschiana seeds for mass propagation, we evaluated the effect of a range of temperatures, cold stratification periods, and gibberellic acid ($GA_3$) treatments on three germination characteristics. Final germination percentage (FGP) increased as the temperature for seed germination increased, up to $30^{\circ}C$, while the mean germination time (MGT) and the mean number of days to 30% germination ($T_{30}$) decreased when seeds were germinated at $25-30^{\circ}C$. The optimum germination temperature of S. fritschiana seeds is approximately $30^{\circ}C$ considering FGP, MGT, and $T_{30}$ together. FGP increased with the duration of cold stratification up to a period of 6 weeks, but declined after 8 weeks of cold stratification, as prolonged cold stratification can induce dormancy with a resultant decline in germination. Pretreatment with 6-8 weeks of cold stratification or soaking seeds in distilled water or $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ for 24 h accelerated and increased the germination of S. fritschiana seeds, regardless of temperature. However, further study might be required to evaluate the effect of $GA_3$ concentrations lower than $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ on the promotion of germination in S. fritschiana seeds.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.212-215
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• 2003

한약재 및 식품으로의 개발가능성이 높지만 현재 멸종위험에까지 처해있는 천문동의 체계적 보호 및 보존을 위하여 자생지 분포특성조사와 유전자원을 수집한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 서해안(충남 이남)과 남해안, 동해안(경북 이남)의 45개 지역을 중심으로 유전자원의 분포특성 조사를 실시하였으며 자생이 확인된 26지역으로부터 천문동 자생종을 수집하였다. 2. 자생지분포 조사 결과 섬을 제외한 육지부 천문동 자생지는 북위 $36^{\circ}15'$ (충남 보령군 남포면 월전리 죽도) 이남의 서해안으로부터 동경 $128^{\circ}02'$ (경남 사천시 실안동 강포) 이서의 남해안이었다. 3. 천문동은 해안선에 주로 분포하고, 자생지 주요 식생은 소나무가 우점 하였다. 4.자생지 천문동의 생육상황은 햇볕의 투과정도가 좋을수록 지하부 생장량이 많았다.

• 환경생물
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2000

천연기념물로 지정된 안면도 승언리의 모감주나무군락과 최근 발견된 태안군 근흥면 정죽리 모감주나무군락의 구조와 식생조성 및 토양특성을 분석하였다. 안면도의 모감주나무군락은 아교목층과 초본층 만으로 구성된 단조로운 2층 구조인데 반하여 근흥면 정죽리의 모감주나무군락은 아교목층, 관목층, 초본층의 3층 구조를 나타내고 있다. 또한 아교목층의 종조성에 있어서도 안면도 모감주나무군락 자생지는 거의 모감주나무 단순림을 구성하고 있는데 반하여, 근흥면 정죽리의 모감주나무군락은 곰솔, 말채나무, 풍게나무, 팽나무, 쉬나무 등이 혼효되어 있다. 두 모감주나무군락 지역의 토양특성은 전질소함량, 유기물함량, 유효인산함량, CEC, E.C. 그리고 치환성 K, Ca, Mg, Na함량 등에서 가까이 위치한 침ㆍ활엽수의 산림토양보다 높게 나타났다. 또한 토양 pH는 6.3-7.0으로서, 근처에 있는 산림토양에서의 토양 pH 4.7-5.5보다 높았다.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.262-270
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• 2003

본 연구는 충남 금산군에 위치한 진악산 산림식생을 대상으로 식물사회학적 방법으로 산림군락을 분류하고 방형구법으로 임분 특성을 분석하였다. 진악산의 26개 조사구를 분석한 결과, 산림군락은 신갈나무군락, 굴참나무군락, 갈참나무군락 및 소나무군락으로 구분되었으며, 피도율은 교목층이 79.4%, 아교목층이 27.6%, 관목층이 37.0%, 초본층이 31.1%의 순으로 나타났다. DBH 2 cm이상의 수목을 대상으로 중요치를 분석한 결과는 신갈나무가 45.51, 소나무가 44.17, 굴참나무가 27.56, 졸참나무가 26.78, 갈참나무가 20.81, 벚나무가 15.58등의 순으로 나타났으며, 흉고직경급을 분석한 결과 신갈나무, 굴참나무, 갈참나무, 소나무는 5 cm이하의 어린 개체와 15 cm이상의 큰 개체는 적고 5~15cm의 중간 개체가 많아 이들이 당분간 우점할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to figure out the structural characteristics of urban plant community and suggest restoration model of Quercus mongolica in the case of Korean national Capital Region. The investigation areas were selected from urban area of Mt. Nam at Chung-Gu, suburban areas of Mt. Bong at Eunpyoung-GU, Mt. Sungju at Buchon City and non-urban areas of Mt. Suri at Kunpu City and Mt. Chonma t namyangju-City. After the main study field had been classified into the evaluation of the ecological characteristics and the modeling of the vegetation. We analyzed to evaluate the ecological characteristics of the forest structure -- successional stage, naturalness, multi-layer structure of the forest and species diversity, and the plant community structures. We have proposed vegetation restoration model based on the selection of proper plants, the number of individuals, diameter short area of breast height, the shortest distance between plants in non-urban area. As for successional stage, It was judged that the ecological succession may not be followed like the present stage of the surveyed areas in urban, suburban and non-ruban areas. As for the retention of naturalness and multi-layer structures of vegetation, In Quercus mongolica community, Robinia pseudo-acacia and Ailanthus altissima occurred in each layers at Mt. Nam, Mt. Bong and Mt. Sungju, and Eupatorium rugosum occurred in herbaceous layer at Mt. Nam. Consequently, the ecological restoration plan following the structure of the vegetation in Mt. Chonma seemed to be advisable in Q. mongolica community, there were less number of species and individuals in urban areas than those of non-urban areas. Planting of trees following the simulated native plant community of non-urban areas seemed to be required to promote the plants in urban areas. Considering the number of individuals up to three layers in each 400$m^2$ area, it was composed of twenty nine in canopy layer, forth nine in understory layer, 367 in shrub layer and 33.7% herbaceous ground cover in the Q.mongolica community. The suggested restoration model in this study is nan applicable model for the introduction in the cities, and this study shows that continuous experiments and field investigation on this model should be performed in the future.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2001

A wetland is an ecosystem which is the most useful and highly-energetic transition area. This study has been carried out to classify and identify the various types of wetlands in Korea. The main objective of this study are 1) defining and classifying of wetlands, and 2) identifying the wetlands characteristics, and 3) studying cases on the natural wetlands such as Han river, DMZ(Demillitarized Zone), Upo wetland and Yong(Dragon) wetland. The results as follows： 1) Development of the indices for identifying and classifying wetlands in encompassing in such as Ramsar Conference, US NWI(National Wetlands Inventory), Hydrogeomorphic system. 2) Development on the classifying method on the wetlands in the level of supersystem, system, subsystem, class and subclass. The systems include Palustrine and Riverine, and the subsystems are Seasonal, Permanent(Palustrine) and Impersistent, Lower perennial, Impersistent (Riverine). 3) Finally, we find out Young wetland is Palustrine/Permanent/Slope/Persistent, and Upo wetland consists of various types of wetlands, those are, Palustrine/Permanent/Depression/Forest Deciduous, Palustrine/Permanent/Depression/Shrub Deciduous, Palustrine/Permanent/Depression/Persistent, Palustrine /Permanent/Depression/Hydrophytes, and Lacustrine/Permanent/Openwater/Hydrophytes. The taxonomy of this study stems from identifying and classifying wetlands with indices mainly based on hydrologic features and substrates. So, it is needed that consequent studies are to be performed with various viewpoints. And the studying cases were limited because of the restricted entrance into the DMZ, And, we selected only 10 crucial sites in Han river as the subject for wetlands regulation and creation. And, for advanced studies, drawing up inventory and mapping are necessary.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2005

This study aimed to address problems and suggest solutions in applying seed mixture design criterior of slope revegetation works according to the "Slope revegetation design and guidelines(proposed)" proposed by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation. To do this, a proper thickness of attaching soil media was identified in April experiment where the thickness and slopes varied. The results were as follows. In the test, the coverage rate of plot where exotic grass was not sowed increased with time and was 79.3% after three months of seeding, which indicated less risk of soil erosion. When applying the provisional standards of the plant mix proposed by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation, tree seeds and native plants were found ill in the early stage in all test lands due to exotic grass. This was because exotic grass which grew well in the early stage, could grow densely, so it might hamper the growth of other plants. When slope revegetation were planted and goals were set for herb, shrub and tree dominant mixture types, it was required to shift focus toward nursing up native plants first rather than early plantation of exotic grass.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2005

The historical changes of seeding work in Japan, the typical slope revegetation method, is possible to divide into five periods as follows; 1) The early period after creation(1927-1948) 2) The spreading period of modern revegetation work with manpower(1947-1958) 3) The spreading period of rapid revegetation technique using exotic grasses with machineries(1959-1985${\dots}$) 4) The spreading period of rapid reforestation technique by fast growing species mainly using leguminous shrub species(1986-1995${\dots}$) 5)The developing period of nature restoration technique using endemic arborous species(1996-) The evaluation basis of vegetated condition after slope seeding has been described to a official guide book, "The Standards of Slope Stabilizing Works" It was mainly revised three times after first edition in 1972, and also the point of evaluation basis changed from the vegetation coverage to the density of woody plant through the 3rd period and the 4th period Recently main purpose of slope seeding has been developing from the erosion protection to the nature restoration in the current of the 5th period, and "The tentative guidelines of slope nature restoration" was announced by The Slope Revegetation Section of Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology in 2004. It was proposed the planning techniques of using suitable seeds/plants based on the preservation level at the real each construction sites Consequently, at present the importance of advanced monitoring methods for vegetation maintenance and plant sociologic survey to evaluate the plant succession is increasing.