• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of thinning intensity on the changes of vegetation structure in Japanese Evergreen Oak(Quercus acuta Thunb.) stands in Wando-arboretum. The flora were composed of 24 families, 33 genera, and 36species in thinned sites. The dominant layer of control site showed higher number of plant species than that of treatment sites. On the while, the sub-dominant layer, shrub layer, and herbaceous layer treatment sites showed higher number of plant species than control site. According to the analysis of importance value, Q. acuta in the dominant layer, Q. acuta and Camellia japonica in sub-dominant layer, and Camellia japonica in shrub layer showed the highest importance values, respectively. The importance value of Trachelospermum asiaticum was the highest in the herbaceous layer. According to the results, species diversity was higher in descending order of heavy thinning, light thinning, and control. This result could be explained by increased light transmissions from higher thinning intensity than in other treatments. In this context, the results of this study may be useful for selecting appropriate tending methods in terms of forest management and biodiversity conservation.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 1999

Nephila clavata, a golden orb-web spider, was studied at two different field sites with respect to web size, height, and orientation. A majority of spiders at Site 1 (a band of shrub bush) built their webs parallel or nearly parallel to the edge of the bush. Similarly, at Site 2 (near a pond), most webs were aligned with the shoreline of the pond. Among the possible determining factors for the observed patterns of web orientation, wind and light did not appear important. Instead, the movement direction of insect prey appeared largely responsible. Disproportionately more webs faced outside the bush and toward the pond than inside the bush and away from the pond at Site 1 and 2, respectively. Such trend was more apparent for larger spiders with larger webs.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.292-298
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• 2004

This study reports, for the first time, the ivestigation of the distribution of Korean saxicolous lichens in the coastal rocks of U-do islet, which is known as an unpolluted zone in Jeju. More than thirty lichens were obtained and investigated from the coastal rocks frequently contacted by seawater. A molecular analysis using PCR amplification of the rRNA ITS regions revealed the coastal rock lichens could be placed into 8 families and 14 genera, Ramalinaceae (Bacidia, Ramalina), Physciaceae (Buellia, Dirinaria, Phaeophyscia, Physcia, Pyxine), Lecanoraceae (Candelaria, Lecanora), Parmeliaceae (Xan­thopannelia), Graphidaceae (Graphis), Pertusariaceae (Pertusaria), Rhizocarpaceae (Rhizocarpon), and Teloschistaceae (Caloplaca), showing a diversity of lichens, with foliose (flat leaf-like), crustose (crust­like), and fruticose (miniature shrub-like) life forms might be distributed in the coastal rocks. These findings suggested the possibility that the lichens identified in the present work might be resistant to a salty environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2003

In this study, we observed air temperature to make clear that land coverage condition and stand form has a certain relationship to air temperature during the night in various green space. And with revolution analysis, we interpreted relationship of air temperature distribution in the green space, The way of analysis is this land coverage rate and air temperature, of number of tree volume of tree air temperature. With this experimental result, we can propose green plan, which is taking into consideration lower effect of air temperature. In this result, lower zone is formed in forest and water area, higher zone is formed in paved surface and barren ground. but this gap is a little. arbor+subarbor area, in the point of water area surrounded stand is formed relative lower air temperature. As a result to make up efficiency lower air temperature area, it is needed to make water area which has surrounded forest, and it is needed to make stand form lower air temperature 2~3 layer forest. In order of arbor, subarbor, shrub, the lower air temperature is more effect.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1996

This study has been on detection of land-cover change on Korean peninsula (including the area of north Korean territory) between May of 1990 year and that of 1995 year using NOAA AVHRR data. It was necessary that imagery data should be registered to each other and should not be deviated much in seasonal variation in order to recognize land - cover change. Atmosphic effect such as clould and dirt was erased by maximum NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) method the equation of which was as following $$NDVI(i,j,d)=\frac{ch2(j,j,d)-ch1(i,j,d)}{ch2(i,j,d)+ch1(i.j,d)}$$ Each image of maximum NDVI of '90 year and '95 year was c1assifed onto 8 categories ,using iso-clustering method each of which was water, wet barren and urban, crop field, field, mixed vegetation, shrub, forest and evergreen.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2003

The main purpose of this study is to obtain forest scenic beauty management informations toward forest working systems in pinus densiflora forest stands, etc. To get these information, visual preference and spatial image analysis methods are used. 25 different alternatives were simulated to visualize on basis of actual forest working methods with taken photos from May to July, 2003. The options were illustrated as photos produced by computer software. Respondents' ratings for 25 landscape scenes were obtained by interview survey method. Each alternatives were evaluated by forest major student group with total 103 respondents after reliability test. Visual preference evaluation was used 10 point rating scale. Spatial images of 12 alternatives were measured by 12 semantic differential scale. In general, the respondents preferred refreshing and ordering forest stand after forest working to natural forest stand before forest working. High visual preference for forest density produces 400-600 trees/ha in small diameter class forest stands. Regarding visual preference according to pavement type of trail, soil trail is ranked high. Visual preference for cutting area ranks mature forest stand and visual preference for trail slope cover type ranks shrub with grass as relatively high on the preference scale. Through the factor analysis, spatial images of 12 coniferous forest stands are classified as 'ordered opened' and 'beautiful healthy'. Results indicate how to conduct forest working systems for forest scenic beauty management.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2723-2726
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• 2016

Cancer represent one of the most serious health problems and major causes of death around the world. Many anticancer drugs in clinical use today are natural products or derived from natural sources. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is a small shrub widely distributed in many parts of the world including Saudi Arabia. The antiproliferative activities of the methanolic extract of W. somnifera leaves collected from Faifa mountains, southwest Saudi Arabia against MCF-7, HCT116 and HepH2 cell lines were investigated. The extract showed a strong antiproliferative activity against all cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 3.35, 2.19 and $1.89{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Flow cytometry results showed that the extract arrested the cell cycle at S phase, and the increase in the caspase 3 activity suggested that the extract could induce cell apoptosis by a caspase mediated pathway. These results demonstrated that the methanolic extract of W. somnifera leaves collected from Faifa mountains has comparable strong antiproliferative activities to samples collected from different locations.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.120-130
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• 1994

Stages of vegetation development on talus area were studied to examine temporal changes in species composition and vegetation structure, and to elucidate the mechanism of early patch formation. While ground coverage of lichens, which may form substrate for moss colonization and mitigate the heat-stress on rocks, decreased gradully, coverage of mosses increased slightly during primary succession. Ecological role of mossess related with water retention in community may be very important not only at pioneer stage but also at later stages because of little soil development on this talus area. Species diversity and species richness increased during the early stages of succession. Parthenocis년 tricuspidata and Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipa dominated in liana stage, Ulmus davidiana for. suberosa and Lindera obtusiloba in shrub stage, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Actinidia arguta in subtree stage, however, was composed of mixed forest of several tree species. U. davidiana for. suberosa, L. obtusiloba, Securinega suffruticosa and Rhus chinensis were relatively important woody species in early patch forming process. The results, however, suggested that early establishment on talus area might be strongly associated with chance for safe-site because both pioneer species and later species could take part in early patch forming process.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.459-476
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• 1993

Vegetational structure and successional sere were investigated for the evergreen and nearby deciduous broad-leaved forests in inland areas (Turyunsan, Pulgapsan) and south- western island areas (Hongdo, Chindo). The evergreen broad-leaved forests of the four areas showed a sera1 stage with an age structure mostly under fifty years old. Dominant evergreen broad-leaved species in canopy layer were Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Machilus thunbergii, Quercus acuta, Q. stenophylla, Q. glauca, and Ncolitsea serzceu. Succession of the forest vegetation in the surveyed areas was proceeding from deciduous broad-leaved trees to evergreen broad-leaved trees. The species of climax stage were assumed to be Machilus thunbergii, iVeolitseu sericea and Dendropanax morbifera in canopy layer, Aucuba japonica and Machilus japonica in subtree and shrub layer.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.75-91
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• 1993

Structure and dynamics of Abies koreana community in Mt. Gaya were studied to provide the basic data for conservation of Abies koreana community, an endemic species in Korea. A. koreana community of this study site was composed of tree layer (4~7m), subtree layer (2~4m), shrub layer (1~2m), and herb layer (below 1m). The heights of tree and subtree layers were low. Floristic composition showed that this study site was subalpine and dry site. In frequency distribution diagram of diameter classes of major species consisting of A. koreana community, those of both A. koreana and other species showed reverse J-shaped types. From these results, it was estimated that A. koreana community of this site might be maintained continuously as a stable climax state like present state. In the spatal distribution diagram of major species, saplings of A. koreana were established under the canopy of A. koreana and Pinus koraiensis and under the dead tree of A. koreana. From these results, it was known that A. koreana saplings were recruited before the community was disturbed and regeneration was accomplished by advance regeneration pattern, in which these saplings established before occurrence of disturbance fill with open site originated from death of mature tree. Growth of annual rings was variable among individuals, it was estimated that such variation was originated in that growth of each individual relates to microclimatic conditions rather than macroclimatic ones. Ecological longevity of A. koreana in this study site estimated by disturbance types and age of dead trees was about 120 years.