• Title/Summary/Keyword: SDE

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Volatile Components of Lycium chinensis Miller (구기자(Lycium chinensis Miller)의 휘발성 성분)

  • 박원종;복진영;백순옥;한상빈;주현균
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 1997
  • The volatile components of Lycium chinensis Miller were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction(SDE) method and analyzed by combined GC and GC-MS. Fifty-four volatile components, including 12 alcolhols 12 esters, 7 aldehydes, 6 acids, 5 ydrocarbons, 8 ketones, 1 furan and 3 pyrazines were confirmed in the fruit of Lycium chinensis Miller. The major components were hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, 1-octadecanone, tetrapyrazine, 2-furancarboxaldehyde and ethyl linoleate.

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OPTION PRICING IN VOLATILITY ASSET MODEL

  • Oh, Jae-Pill
    • Korean Journal of Mathematics
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.233-242
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    • 2008
  • We deal with the closed forms of European option pricing for the general class of volatility asset model and the jump-type volatility asset model by several methods.

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Volatile Flavor Components in Various Varieties of Peach(Prunus persica L.) Cultivated in Korea (국내산 복숭아의 품종별 휘발성 향기성분)

  • 박은령;조정옥;김경수
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.206-215
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    • 1999
  • Volatile flavor components in five varieties, Bekdo, Chundo, Yumung, Daegubo and Hwangdo, of peach (Prunus persica L.) were extracted by SDE (Simultaneous steam distillation and extraction) method using the mixture of n-pentane and diethylether(1:1, v/v) as an extract solvent. Analysis of the concentrate by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the identification of 83, 85, 70, 74 and 66 components in Bekdo, Chundo, Yumung, Daegubo and Hwangdo, respectively. Aroma patterns (29 alcohols, 27 ketones, 18 aldehydes, 9 esters, 5 ethers, 3 acids, 6 terpene and derivatives, and 26 miscellaneous) were identified and quantified in five cultivars. Ethyl acetate, hexanal, o-xylene, (E)-2-hexenal, hexanol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, benzaldehyde, r-decalactone and r-dodecalactone were the main components in each samples, though there were several differences in composition of volatile components. Beside C$\_$6/ compounds, a series of saturated and unsaturated r- and $\delta$-lactones ranging from chain length C$\_$6/ to C$\_$l2/, with concentration maxima for r-decalactone and r-dodecalactone, were a major class of constituents. Lactones and peroxidation products of unsaturated fatty acid (i.e. C$\_$6/ aldehydes and alcohols) were major constituents of the extract.

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Attenuation of Diabetic Conditions by Sida rhombifolia in Moderately Diabetic Rats and Inability to Produce Similar Effects in Severely Diabetic in Rats

  • Chaturvedi, Padmaja;Kwape, Tebogo Elvis
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.12-19
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: This study was done out to evaluate the effects of Sida rhombifolia methanol extract (SRM) on diabetes in moderately diabetic (MD) and severely diabetic (SD) Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: SRM was prepared by soaking the powdered plant material in 70% methanol and rota evaporating the methanol from the extract. Effective hypoglycemic doses were established by performing oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in normal rats. Hourly effects of SRM on glucose were observed in the MD and the SD rats. Rats were grouped, five rats to a group, into normal control 1 (NC1), MD control 1 (MDC1), MD experimental 1 (MDE1), SD control 1 (SDC1), and SD experimental 1 (SDE1) groups. All rats in the control groups were administered 1 mL of distilled water (DW). The rats in the MDE1 and the SDE1 groups were administered SRM orally at 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively, dissolved in 1 mL of DW. Blood was collected initially and at intervals of 1 hour for 6 hours to measure blood glucose. A similar experimental design was followed for the 30-day long-term trial. Finally, rats were sacrificed, and blood was collected to measure blood glucose, lipid profiles, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Results: OGTTs indicated that two doses (200 and 300 mg/kg BW) were effective hypoglycemic doses in normal rats. Both doses reduced glucose levels after 1 hour in the MDE1 and the SDE1 groups. A long-term trial of SRM in the MD group showed a reduced glucose level, a normal lipid profile, and normal GSH and TBARS levels. In SD rats, SRM had no statistically significant effects on these parameters. Normal weight was achieved in the MD rats, but the SD rats showed reduced BW. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that SRM has potential to alleviate the conditions of moderate diabetic, but not severe diabetes.

A Comparison of Different Extraction Methods for the Volatile Components of Anise(Pimpinella anisum L.) (추출방법에 의한 아니스의 휘발성 성분 조성 비교)

  • Kown, Young-Ju;Jang, Hee-Jin;Kwag, Jae-Jin;Kim, Ok-Chan;Choi, Young-Hyun;Lee, Jae-Gon
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.144-147
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    • 1997
  • Different isolation methods for the volatile components of Anise(Pimpinella anisum L.) are compared in terms of the difference of components obtained with each analytical procedure. These methods include headspace(purge & trap) sampling procedure, simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE), steam distillation and solvent extraction. Total 43 components were identified by? comparing gas chromatography retention time and mass spectral data. Different isolation techniques result in compositionally different isolates. The headspace(purge & trap) sampling procedure was found to be the best method of choice for a qualitative analysis of the volatile components.

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Studies on the Volatile Components of Platycodon grandiflorus (jacquin) A.De Candolle (도라지의 휘발성분에 관한 연구)

  • Sun, Woo-Sun;Kwon, Jae-Sang;Shin, Pyung-Gyun;Cho, Sung-Hwan;Chung, Jin-Hwan
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.517-520
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    • 1996
  • To identify the volatiles of Platycodon roots, the three-year-old and the 24-year-old Platycodon roots cultivated in a local farm were extracted with ethyl ether by SDE method. 54.71mg% and 80.01mg% of volatile components were collected in the three-year-old and in 24-year-old Platycodon roots, respectively. As a result of GC/MS(TIC) analysis, 24 and 28 compounds were identified, respectively; The amounts of volatile components such as hexanol, trans-2-hexenol and nonanal in 24-year-old roots were detected above ten times than those in 3-year-old roots. The Volatiles of 24-year-old roots were fractionated by SCC and identified by GC/MS to be 10 hydrocarbons, 8 alcohols, 10 aldehydes, 5 esters, 6 acids and 1 unknown compound as the major components. The species and total amounts of volatile component in 24-year-old Platycodon roots were considered to be higher than those in 3-year-old Platycodon roots. *Abbreviations 1. Platycodon : platycodon grandiflorus (jacquin) A. De Candolle. 2. SDE : Simultaneous Distillation Extraction 3. SCC : Silicagel Column Chromatography 4. GC : gas chromatography 5. GC/MS : Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer 6. TIC : Total Ion Chromatogoraphy

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