• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the compositional fitness and independence of the original six dimensions and the newly-designed six dimensions of Integrated Questionnaire for the Measurement of Social Capital[SC-IQ], and to explore the more simplified version for convenient use in public health-related social capital studies. Methods: This study reanalyzed social capital items included in a 2004 community health survey of K-city conducted by Hallym Health Services Research Center. Data was collected from 1,000 adults using core questions of SC-IQ. Explanatory factor analyses to all questions were done, and the new six dimensions were established. Confirmatory factor analyses[CFA] were done on the original and new six dimensions. And then reliability and validity test were done. SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0 were used. Results: The final CFA module to the new SC-IQ exhibited Root Mean Square Error of Approximation[RMSEA] 0.028 and only compositional fitness and independence, and was composed of four dimensions and eight questions, and covers all elements of social capital including structural, cognitive, operational, outcome, bonding and bridging elements. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of a new, simplified version of SC-IQ as well as its convenience.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.89-119
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to investigate the association of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Insomnia Questionaire(IQ), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Diagnos system of oriental medicine(DSOM) in the Insomnia Patients. Methods : For this study, we carried out PSQI, IQ, BDI and DSOM of 37 patients with insomnia who have come to Donguei oriental hospital of Donguei university from November 2008 to May 2009. And Using cross tabulation analysis, verified the association of PSQI, IQ, BDI and DSOM. Results : 1. The most Frequent Pathogenic Factor is blood-deficiency(血虛) in total patients. 2. The score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of deficiency of qi(氣虛), damp(濕), kdney(腎) in total patients. 3. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with zp of liver(肝) in total patients. 4. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with sc10 and zp of insufficiency of Yin(陰虛), and the score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of blood stasis(血瘀) and zp of liver(肝) in female patients. 5. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with sc10 of deficiency of qi(氣虛) and zp of heart(心), and the score of IQ has positive correlation with sc10 of liver(肝) in male patients. 6. The duration from onset in the group of 22-59years are longer than the group of 60-80 years and the duration of using hypnotics have positive correlation with total sleep time in 22-59years group. 7. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with zp of liver(肝) in 22-59years group. 8. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with the score of BDI in 60-80years group. 9. The score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of deficiency of qi(氣虛) and zp of blood-deficiency(血虛), and the score of IQ has positive correlation with zp of coldness(寒) in 60-80years group. 10. The score of IQ has positive correlation with sc10 and zp of dryness(燥) in below 6 Months Group. 11. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with the score of BDI in over 6 Months Group. 12. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with zp of liver(肝) in over 6 Months Group. 13. The score of IQ has positive correlation with sc10 of dryness(燥) in BDI 2nd Grade Group. 14. The score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of kidney(腎) and the age has positive correlation with zp of heart(心) in BDI 3rd Grade Group. 15. The age has positive correlation with sc10 of damp(濕) in BDI 4th Grade Group. Conclusions : This study provides insights into the complicated associations of the pattern of insomnia with depression and Diagnos system of oriental medicine. And especially this study showed apparent correlation between insomnia and depression in 60-80years group and over 6 months group.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2009

DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) 확산 방식의 OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 통신 시스템은 PAPR(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) 저감에 매우 효과적인 시스템이며, 3GPP LTE($3^{rd}$ Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution)의 상향 링크에 SC-FDMA(Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access)에 사용된다. SC-FDMA는 일반적으로 OFDM 시스템보다 위상잡음과 직교 불균형으로 인한 ICI(Inter-Carrier Interference)에서 더 성능 열화가 발생하며, 등화기에 심각한 영향을 미친다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 상향 링크에서 신호 전송 시 발생하는 위상잡음과 직교 불균형(IQ Imbalance: In-phase/Quadrature Imbalance), 그리고 전력 증폭기(HPA: High Power Amplifier)의 백-오프 특성에 따른 영향을 분석하고, ICI 성분을 제거할 수 있는 효과적인 등화 알고리듬을 제시한다. 제안된 등화기는 FDE(Frequency Domain Equalizer) 방식을 기반으로 설계하였으며, 기존의 PNS(Phase Noise Suppression) 알고리듬을 FDE에 사용될 수 있도록 수정하고 개선하여 위상 잡음과 직교 불균형으로 인한 ICI를 보상한다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통하여 back-off 5.5 dB 상태에서 위상 잡음 $0.06\;rad^2$, 위상 에러 5도, 진폭 에러 0.005인 경우, 위상 잡음과 직교 불균형을 보상하여 SNR=14 dB 정도에서 $BER=10^{-4}$의 성능을 만족할 수 있다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1996

The Evaluation of patients complaining of psychiatric symptoms following head injury is much affected by the results of various tests. The objecive of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of each lest by comparing the structual and fuctional brain studies. The subjects were 93 organic menial disorder in and out patients at the Dept. of Neuropsychiatry of the Kyung Hee University Hospital. After carrying out MRI, CT, SPECT, EEG, the results of each were analysed for the sesitivity and ability to detect focal lesion. The degree of inter-test correlations of lest results were also investigated. Furthermore, the characteristic features of psychological tests were studied and the relationship between each of above mentioned tests and psychological test was examined. As for the test sensitivity to diagnosis, the SPECT was the most superior followed by MRI, CT, EEG in thai order. In the case of abnormality, SPECT ranked 1st in detection of focal lesion, followed by MRI, CT in that order. In the inter-test result correlation, the correlation of SPECT-MRI was statistically significant. When mare than moderate abnormality EEG finding was reported, it correlated significantly with that of MRI findings. In the MMPI, the average scores on F, Hs, D, Hy, Pa, Pt, Sc subscales were above 60. Abnormal SPECT group scored significantly high on the F, Pd, Pa, Sc, Ma scales and therefore in comparison ot the SPECT normal group, displayed more psychotic features. In K-WAIS, the mean full scale IQ was down to 77. 23(Verbal IQ : 78.76, Performance IQ : 77.44) but there was no characterogic significant relationship between the lowered to and abnormal SPECT, MRI, CT and EEG results. In conclusion, 1) The SPECT was mast superior in sensitivity and detection of focal lesions. In comparision with other tests, the results of SPECT correlated well with MRI had thus is thought to be very usefull testing method in the evaluation of organic mental disorder patients. 2) The MRI had relatively high sensitivity, ability to detect focal lesion and superior correlation with other test. 3) Although EEG fared less an sensitivity in comparison to other tests, the results of above moderate abnormal grade group and that of MRI correlated significantly. 4) In the MMPI highly scored in F, Hs, D, Hy, Pa, Pt, Sc subscales and abnormal SPECT patients were shown to display more sever psychotic features. There was no significant character relationship between the lowered IQ(in K-WAIS) and abnormal findings on MRI, CT, SPECT, EEG.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.111-130
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and compare social capital measurement tools for the convenient use in public health studies. Method and result: This study examined and compared social capital tools developed individually by the World Bank, the OECD, the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Ireland, and Korea. A comprehensive framework was constructed with six conceptual dimensions and sixteen indices. The six dimensions included Membership, Network, Trust, Information and communication, Social and civic participation, and Social cohesion and exclusion, which connoted the structural, cognitive, bonding, bridging, operative, and output elements. The indices of each tool were respectively matched to the indices of the comprehensive framework. The comprehensive tools were Integrated Questionnaire for the Measurement of Social Capital (SC-IQ) of the World Bank with 27 questions and the European Social Survey (ESS) of the OECD with 80 questions. Conclusion: The SC-IQ should be utilized in public health studies due to its simplicity yet comprehensiveness as a social capital tool. The ESS should also be considered as a comprehensive tool.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.63-80
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• 2009

Objectives: This study identified how personal characteristics, healthy behavior and social capital might influence on physical activity of adults. Methods: This study used data from the health survey of a city of Korea. We surveyed 1,000 adults sampled by stratified sampling methods from 67,889 households. Outcome variable was the stage of physical activity which was broken into 5 categories. Sociodemographic factors, healthy behavior, self-rated health status and social capital were used as control variables. Sociodemographic factors included age, sex, educational status, economic status measured by deprivation score, residential period within survey city. Social capital was measured by Integrated Questionnaire for the Measurement of Social Capital (SC-IQ). This study used chi-square test and ordered logistic regression models to examine the associations between independent variables and physical activity. Variables were added to the regression model in three groups using a hierarchical approach. Results: Physical activity was significantly more likely to become active if they have higher educational status, healthier behavior. Among the six dimensions of SC-IQ, only "groups and networks" that is structural dimensions of social capital and "trust and solidarity" that is cognitive dimensions of social capital were significantly related to physical activity of adults. We found that a person having higher density of membership and having larger size of networks showed the high possibility of active physical activity. A person having high solidarity was significantly associated with physical activity, but general trust was inversely related to physical activity. Output dimensions of social capital did not show significant relationship to physical activity. Conclusion: We found that social capital is useful concept to explain health behaviors like physical activity. However we must consider social, cultural and political context of the study to evaluate the effect of social capital to health status and health determinants and to capture the exact meaning of relationship between them. We suggest further researches to refine the concept of social capital and to explain the relationship of social capital to diverse health determinants.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2014

각질형성세포주인 HaCaT세포에서 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)로 유도하는 염증반응에는 tumor neurosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-1${\alpha}$ (IL-1${\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), 및 interleukin-8 (IL-8)와 같은 염증 유발 사이토카인(pro-inflammatory cytokines)이 증가되고, 또한 염증반응을 매개하는 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 및 prostaglandins E2 (PGE2)도 증가된다. 본 연구에서는 이렇게 유도된 염증 반응에서 효과적으로 염증 관련인자를 조절할 수 있는 천연물을 발굴하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 마가목, 쐐기풀, 죽여 및 오배자 혼합 추출물이 IL-1${\alpha}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 및 IL-8의 발현을 억제하고 COX-2, iNOS 및 PGE2의 발현도 억제함을 확인하였다. 아울러 IQ chamber$^{(R)}$을 이용하여 피부에 첩포할 때 sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)로 유발한 피부자극에서 이들 혼합물이 효과적으로 그 자극을 억제함을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과로부터 마가목, 쐐기풀, 죽여 및 오배자의 혼합물이 피부자극완화용 화장품 소재로서 민감성 피부 등을 위한 제품에 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a community-based empowerment program for resident leaders participating in the Healthy Apartment project. Methods: The design of this study was a single group pre-post test design. This program was consisted of 4-hour sessions. The total participants were 22 leaders. Results: The participants showed significant changes in social support (Z=-2.33, p=.020), collective action (Z=-3.91, p<.001), conflict and homogeneity (Z=-2.03, p=.042), and community perception index (Z=-3.97, p<.001) as sub factors of the individual level of SC-IQ (Integrated Questionnaire for the Measurement of Social Capital). They also showed significant changes in necessity of the resident organization (Z=-4.13, p<.001), resident participation (Z=-3.84, p<.001), convergence of resident opinion (Z=-3.94, p<.001) and the role of community leaders (Z=-3.94, p<.001) as sub factors of the perception and confidence of resident leaders (Z=-3.85, p<.001). Conclusion: Results indicate that the community-based empowerment program is effective in perceptions of social capital on the individual level and improvement of recognition as resident leaders and confidence for resident leaders.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2009

이 연구는 우리나라 대표적 주거형태인 아파트 입주민들을 대상으로 입주자들의 주거환경 만족도와 관련이 높은 건강상태 변수가 무엇인지 밝히고 어떠한 주거환경이 건강상태에 영향을 주는지 평가하고자 하였다. 주거환경에 대한 설문조사는 사회자본에 대한 국제적인 조사도구인 SC-IQ를 바탕으로 하되 Chun[2]의 아파트 주거환경 조사척도를 첨가하였다. 설문조사는 2007년 12월부터 2008년 1월까지 7주간 이루어졌으며, 조사방법은 사전조사 차원을 통해 반응도 및 수거율 등을 고려하여 2회에 걸쳐 수행되었다. 수집된 설문지는 총 276부로서 수거율은 28%였으며 이 중 6부는 변수의 결측값이 많아 제거하여 총 270부의 설문지를 대상으로 분석을 시행하였다. 주성분 분석을 통해 기존에 알려진 주거환경과 관련된 건강관련 변수들 중에 1년 전 대비 주관적 건강상태 변수가 가장 관련도가 높음을 파악했고, 요인 회전 및 요인 추출을 통해 27가지 주거환경 만족도에 대한 문항을 5가지 요인들로 구분할 수 있었다. 여기서 요인 1은 아파트 관리와 관련된 요인으로 요인 2는 아파트 개별 가구 환경과 관련된 요인으로 요인 3은 아파트 단지 환경(근린)과 관련된 요인으로 요인 4는 이웃관계와 관련된 요인으로 요인 5는 아파트 단지 시설환경과 관련된 요인이었다. 로지스틱 회귀분석의 결과를 보면, 주거환경 요인 중 이웃관계 관련 요인 및 아파트단지 시설환경 요인의 경우 만족도가 높을수록 1년 대비 주관적 건강상태가 양호 하지만, 아파트단지 환경(근린) 관련 요인은 만족도가 낮은 경우가 1년 전 대비 주관적 건강상태에 안 좋은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 근린공간 및 이와 결합되어 있는 사회적 지지 변수가 건강이 악화되는 것을 방지한다는 '완충효과' 이론을 입증하는 결과이다. 결국 이 연구는 주거환경이 건강의 악화방지에 영향을 주는 요인일 수 있음을 밝히고 기존에는 고려되지 못한 물리적이고 정서적인 주거환경과 건강과의 관련성을 제시했다는 데에 그 의의가 있다.