• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Modern cities are exposed to various dangers due to advanced technologies and advanced technologies. As a result, the desire for citizen's safety is increasing day by day, and the sense of insecurity is reaching extreme. In order to respond to the paradigm of the era for safety, the government has stipulated that crisis management manuals are prepared and operated according to the type of disaster. In this research, before preparing and managing crisis management manuals, we classify the types of disasters that can occur in A local authority, establish priorities of types of disasters to be managed with priority, We will try to utilize it as a basic material for the creation and management of.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.113-124
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• 2022

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has greatly advanced our understanding of cellular heterogeneity by profiling individual cell transcriptomes. However, cell dissociation from the tissue structure causes a loss of spatial information, which hinders the identification of intercellular communication networks and global transcriptional patterns present in the tissue architecture. To overcome this limitation, novel transcriptomic platforms that preserve spatial information have been actively developed. Significant achievements in imaging technologies have enabled in situ targeted transcriptomic profiling in single cells at single-molecule resolution. In addition, technologies based on mRNA capture followed by sequencing have made possible profiling of the genome-wide transcriptome at the 55-100 ㎛ resolution. Unfortunately, neither imaging-based technology nor capture-based method elucidates a complete picture of the spatial transcriptome in a tissue. Therefore, addressing specific biological questions requires balancing experimental throughput and spatial resolution, mandating the efforts to develop computational algorithms that are pivotal to circumvent technology-specific limitations. In this review, we focus on the current state-of-the-art spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies, describe their applications in a variety of biological domains, and explore recent discoveries demonstrating their enormous potential in biomedical research. We further highlight novel integrative computational methodologies with other data modalities that provide a framework to derive biological insight into heterogeneous and complex tissue organization.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.71-76
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• 2012

Recently, the huge growth of mobile data traffic has driven the earlier commercialization of LTE network and the evolution of LTE-Adv has been accelerated because of this trend of mobile traffic surges. Thus it has enabled the global connectivity and roaming capability due to continual standardization activities. The 3rd generation mobile communication system has been improved through incorporating technologies of HSDPA, MBMS and HSUPA etc continuously. Also, OFDMA/SC-FDMA-based LTE standardization has been under way. In this paper, the architectures of LTE network and protocol have been introduced and their inherent operation mechanisms have also been explored in order to give some insights about the LTE/LTE-Adv networks while their architectures are considered as most prominent candidate for worldwide standard by ITU-R and mobile operators for international communication networks.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.991-1001
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• 2018

In the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution, IoT, Big Data, and VR are rapidly emerging as core sectors of future industries. In particular, the VR has been under the limelight as a new media content appealing to new generation. And the VR user is not merely a 'spectator', but the 'actor'. In other words, the newness of VR is not in the 'more likely representation of the virtual reality', but in the 'making it act more virtual (more technically, 'interactive')' in the virtual world. In this paper, we examine the VR cinema in terms of film composition unit, montage, cinematic space, mise-en-$sc{\grave{e}}ne$ and perspective. The VR cinema, which is in the early stage of evolution, is basically based on $360^{\circ}$ image that strengthens the autonomy of the audience's point of view, but other factors like haptic or sonic immersion are becoming increasingly important. In addition, the VR cinema will be combined with AR, MR, SR, and Interactive technologies, and will expand its horizon as it is produced in various forms. Therefore, it is expected that more detailed viewpoint will be applied in the subsequent study on VR cinema.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.2549-2558
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• 2015

The non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of the fledging paradigms which next generation radio access technologies are sprouting toward. The NOMA with superposition coding (SC) in the transmitter and successive interference cancellation (SIC) at the receiver comes with many desirable features and benefits over orthogonal multiple access (OMA) such as orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) adopted by Long-Term Evolution (LTE). In this paper, we study the recent research trends on NOMA in 5G systems. We discuss the basic concept of NOMA and explain its aspects of importance for future radio access. Then, we provide a survey of the state of the art in NOMA for 5G systems in a categorized manner. Further, we analyze the NOMA performances with numerical examples; and provide some avenues for future research on NOMA on a set of open issues and challenges.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.18.1-18.11
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• 2023

Immunologists have activated T cells in vitro using various stimulation methods, including phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin and αCD3/αCD28 agonistic antibodies. PMA stimulates protein kinase C, activating nuclear factor-κB, and ionomycin increases intracellular calcium levels, resulting in activation of nuclear factor of activated T cell. In contrast, αCD3/αCD28 agonistic antibodies activate T cells through ZAP-70, which phosphorylates linker for activation of T cell and SH2-domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kD. However, despite the use of these two different in vitro T cell activation methods for decades, the differential effects of chemical-based and antibody-based activation of primary human T cells have not yet been comprehensively described. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies to analyze gene expression unbiasedly at the single-cell level, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of the non-physiological and physiological activation methods on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived T cells from four independent donors. Remarkable transcriptomic differences in the expression of cytokines and their respective receptors were identified. We also identified activated CD4 T cell subsets (CD55⁺) enriched specifically by PMA/ionomycin activation. We believe this activated human T cell transcriptome atlas derived from two different activation methods will enhance our understanding, highlight the optimal use of these two in vitro T cell activation assays, and be applied as a reference standard when analyzing activated specific disease-originated T cells through scRNA-seq.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2018

The primary objective of this study is to develop a conceptual design of automated pothole patching machine that improves the conventional work in safety, quality, and productivity. For this, the following research works are conducted sequentially; 1)literature review, 2)selection of element technology for conceptual design, 3)deduction of work process and conceptual design, 4)life cycle cost analysis of the conceptual design. As a result, X-Y table telescopic manipulator, pothole patching end effector, realtime pothole recognizer, 3D pothole volume profiler, automated pothole patching machine controller are selected as core technologies. Furthermore, a conceptual design and working process of an automated pothole patching machine are developed based on the core technologies. According to the life cycle cost analysis result, the cost of the automated method was 38.3% less than that of the conventional method, and the economic efficiency was also superior(ROR 77.1%, Break-even Point 23.8month). It is expected that the application range and impact on the construction industry will be enormous due to the increasing trend of road maintenance market.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

The primary objective of this study is to develop a conceptual design of all-in-one attachment based steel pipe pile cutting robot that improves the conventional work in safety, quality, convenience and productivity. For this, the following research works are conducted sequentially; 1)literature review, 2)field investigation, 3)selection of element technology for conceptual design, 4)deduction of conceptual design and its work process, 5)technical feasibility analysis of the conceptual design and its work process. As a result, leveling laser and laser detector, plasma cutter, rotary grapple are selected as core technologies. Futhermore, a conceptual design and work process of an all-in-one attachment based steel pipe pile cutting robot are developed based on the core technologies. According to the technical feasibility analysis result, at least 76.8% of the respondents are selected positive answer about each device of the all-in-one attachment based steel pipe cutting robot. It is expected that the application range and impact on the construction industry will be enormous due to the increasing trend of the steel pipe pile market.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2019

Recently, with the development of the fourth industrial revolution that has been achieved through the fusion of information and communication technology (ICT), the technologies of AI, IOT, BIG-DATA, it is increasing utilization rate by industry and research and development of application technologies are being actively carried out. Especially, in the case of unmanned aerial vehicles, the construction market is expected to be one of the most commercialized areas in the world for the next decade. However, research on utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles in the construction field in Korea is insufficient. In this study, We have developed a quantitative building inspection method using the unmanned aerial vehicle and presented the protocol for it. The proposed protocol was verified by applying it to existing old buildings, and defect information could be quantified by calculating length, width, and area for each defect. Through this technical research, the final goal is to contribute to the development of safety diagnosis technology using unmanned aerial vehicle and risk assessment technology of buildings in case of disaster such as earthquake.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2004

The divide-and-conquer method is efficiently used in parallel multiplier over finite field $GF(2^n)$. Leone Proposed optimal stop condition for iteration of Karatsuba-Ofman algerian(KOA). Ernst et al. suggested Multi-Segment Karatsuba(MSK) method. In this paper, we analyze the complexity of a parallel MSK multiplier based on the method. We propose a new parallel MSK multiplier whose space complexity is same to each other. Additionally, we propose optimal stop condition for iteration of the new MSK method. In some finite fields, our proposed multiplier is more efficient than the KOA.