• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.11
• /
• pp.1523-1528
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out to compare the physicochemical characteristics and sensory quality of Sikhye (a Korean traditional rice beverage) prepared with specialty rice varieties. The results showed that Ilpum had higher hulling recovery, milled/brown rice ratio, and milling recovery than Sulgaeng, Baegjinju, Baegjinju 1, and Dongjinchal. The alkali digestive value, protein content, and amylose contents of Sulgaeng were 6.3, 7.3% and 19.3%, respectively. The highest brix degree was $10.00^{\circ}Bx$ in Baegjinju Sikhye. The turbidity appeared at 0.4440, 0.4100, 0.3828, 0.3372, 0.1414 in Ilpum, Baegjinju, Baegjinju 1, Sulgaeng, and Dongjinchal Sikhye, respectively. There were no significant differences in pH and maltose contents among the groups. The highest L-value was 44.62 in Ilpum Sikhye. The a-value and b-value were $-1.66{\sim}-0.70$ and $-9.18{\sim}-5.19$, respectively. Finally, the sensory evaluation results indicated that there were no significant differences in appearance, aroma, and taste between the groups, and the Sulgaeng Sikhye showed higher overall quality than the Dongjinchal Sikhye as the control.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of cultivars and to establish the hydroponic cultivation method of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) f3r autumn season. Considering the rate of germination, plant height is 25 cm interior and exterior and leaf blade and petiole attitude is erect the best two cultivars 'Artlars', 'Dimple' were selected among the 19 cultivars tested. Seed germination was more than $90{\%}$ in both cultivars of 'Artlars', 'Dimple'. Seed rate of germination drops more or less, but it was cultivar that 'Mahoroba' cultivars is becoming in export standard production, and 'Premium', 'Platon' cultivar which plant height of leaf blade and petiole attitude is erect is about 20 cm was thought by suitable cultivars to domestic. Plant height relationship difference that follow to planting distances decreased according as planting distances growth than $12{\times}11$ cm to $12{\times}15$ cm. In the meantime, the increase of leaf area and fresh weight was increasing transplanting distance. The yield per ha of 14,890 kg in the $12{\times}11$ cm was $67{\%}$ increased than that in the $12{\times}9$ cm. Therefore, $12{\times}11$ cm spacing is considered optimum planting distance for spinach hydroponic cultivation in autumn season.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of climate conditions during cultivation and harvesting on the quality and storability of fresh bulb cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata). Plug seedlings of six cabbage cultivars were transplanted to Gangneung-Wonju University high elevation research station in Gangwon province (780 m above sea level, lat. $37.5^{\circ}N$.) and harvested with four different harvest times like August 3 ($1^{st}$), August 13 ($2^{nd}$), August 23 ($3^{rd}$), and September 10 ($4^{th}$), respectively from 50 days after transplanting. Weight loss, Hunter color factors, firmness, and soluble solids content (SSC) of the cabbage bulbs were investigated during storage at $3^{\circ}C$ (85% RH) and $25^{\circ}C$ (60% RH). Decreased bulb weight and poor quality cabbages were apparent at the late transplanting (July 14) and harvest (September 10) respectively. Quality index such as firmness and SSC at August 23 ($3^{rd}$) harvested cabbage was better than August 3 ($1^{st}$) and August 13 ($2^{nd}$) cabbages due to the good weather condition just before harvesting. The cv. 'Speed king' and 'Minix 40' showed good qualities among the cultivars, especially when the bulbs were harvested during sunny day conditions from one week before harvesting. Also SSC was influenced by weather condition before harvesting rather than transplanting date, while firmness was influenced by transplanting and harvest date. However, the differences among the cultivars were not significant. The potential of storage as maintaining the quality was different, depending on weather conditions at harvest time. Generally the storage periods of six cultivars were around 3~5 days and 9~10 days at room and low temperature, respectively. However, the August 3 ($1^{st}$) harvested cabbage lost their marketable quality very fast because of rainy and cloudy weather condition before harvesting and also storability of bulbs was 2 days and 4 days at room temperature and $3^{\circ}C$, respectively. Quality index was also not significant difference among cultivars.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.45 no.12
• /
• pp.1503-1511
• /
• 2002

Purpose : Although the short- and long-term outcomes of low birth weight(LBW) neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) survivors have been extensively studied, much less information is available for normal birth weight(NBW) infants(greater than 2,500 gm) who require NICU care. Methods : We retrospectively examined the neonatal hospitalizations and one year health status of 302 NBW and 131 LBW admissions to our NICU. Information on the neonatal hospitalization was obtained from a review of medical records. Postdischarge health status was collected by using telephone surveys and medical records. Results : After initial discharge, 21.2% of the NBW infants and 23% of the LBW infants required rehospitalization during the first year of life and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The reasons for rehospitalization of the NBW infants included respiratory disorders (32.1%), G-I problems(26.2%), genitourinary problems(11.9%), surgery(10.7%), cardiac problems(7.1%), and congenital/developmental problems(1.2%). For the LBW infants, the order of frequency was the same, with the percentages slightly different. Neonatal risk factors related to the rehospitalization of the NBW infants included mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, and congenital anomaly. But no positive significant correlation of neonatal risk factors with rehospitalization of LBW infants was found. Conclusion : Low and normal birthweight NICU survivors were rehospitalized at similar rates. The most common cause of rehospitalization was respiratory problems. Neonatal risk factors related to rehospitalization of NBW infants were mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, and congenital anomaly. However, no positive significant correlation of neonatal risk factors with rehospitalization of LBW infants was found. The data suggests that NBW infant survivors, as well as LBW infant NICU survivors, require close follow up.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.14
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 1973

The studies reported herein were conducted to investigate the effect of thermal conditions in double-cropping of rice. The accumulated daily mean and minimum air temperatures, for the period of the last 30 years, were examined at the 10 different meteorogical stations which are located in the southern part of Korea. The results obtained could be summarized as follows: 1. The first cropping. a. It seemed to be free from any frost-damage of rice at the seeding stage at Yeosu, Pusan and Cheju. However, it was found that there were some dangers of frost damage for about 30 to 40 day at Iri, Chonju and Kwangju, for 18 to 28 days at Daeku and Ulsan, and for 4 to 14 days at Mokpo and Pohang, respectively. b. The early critical transplanting date seemed to be from middle to late-April in the first cropping. As compared with the ordinary lowland seedlings, the semi-protected and upland ones could be planted 5 and 10 days earlier, respectively. c. The early critical heading date was about late-June and there were some low-temperature damages for 8 to 25 days at young-ear formation stage of rice plant, depending upon location. d. The early critical ripening date (the early critical transplanting date of the 2nd cropping) was from late-July to early-August. It took about 32 to 39 days in ripening. There was a tendency of SS${\fallingdotseq}$SL$15^{\circ}C$ (${\theta}$15) and the minimum of $10^{\circ}C$ (${\theta}$10), the ten locations could be devided into two ripening groups of ${\theta}$15>${\theta}$10 and ${\theta}$15<${\theta}$10. c. The late critical ripening date was around October 9 at Iri, Chonju, Kwangju and Daeku and around October 28 at Mokpo, Yeosu, Pusan and eheju. Three to four days were more required for a complete ripening of rice, as compared with the above dates. d. There was an overlap of about 12 to 42 days between the first and second cropping when early-maturing varieties requiring an accumulated mean air temperature of $1, 550^{\circ}C$, from transplanting to heading, were grown. Therefore, some varieties which could head with an accumulated daily mean air temperature of 1, 000 to $1, 200^{\circ}C$, should be either developed or some new cultural technology be established in order to have a successful double cropping in rice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.327-332
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to overcome the deliciousness by sex reversal in hemp plants. When female plants grown under long day length condition were transferred to short day length condition in 3th and 6th leaf stage, a few male flowers were formed and the gap of flowering days between sex reversed male and normal female flowers were around 10 days and 3 days, respectively. Although the flowering amounts were small, this short gaps of flowering days were enough for artificial pollination. When female plants grown under long day length condition were transferred to short day length condition just after treatment of silver nitrate in the vegetative stage, a great amount of male flower was formed and the gap of flowering days between sex reversed male and normal female flowers were only 1 to 3 days. The increased sex reversed male flowers and induced short gap of flowering days were adequate for natural wind pollination. When female seeds were cultivated, seed yield was 141 kg/10a, while it was 96 kg/10a when normal seeds cultivated.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of Onen's alternative grading system (AGS) with that of the APDRP and SFU grading systems in patients with isolated and complicated congenital hydronephrosis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 153 patients (204 renal units) diagnosed with congenital hydronephrosis between January 2002 and December 2011. We classified patients into 2 groups; isolated or complicated hydronephrosis. All renal units were graded according to anterior-posterior diameter of renal pelvis (APDRP), Society for Fetus Urology (SFU) and Onen's grading systems. We analyzed the prognosis of hydronephrosis, according to each grading system, at 2 years of age. Results: There were 152 renal units with isolated hydronephrosis and 52 renal units with complicated hydronephrosis. The isolated hydronephrosis group had a lower grade according to Onen's AGS, and showed more frequent spontaneous remission by 2 years of age. There was more frequent obstruction (P =0.000) and surgical treatment (P =0.000) of units with high-grade hydronephrosis according to Onen's AGS. In the complicated hydronephrosis group the frequencies of spontaneous remission (P =0.015) and renal dysfunction (P =0.013) were significantly higher than those in high-grade hydronephrosis, as indicated by Onen's AGS. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes among the highest grade groups, according to the 3 systems, in either isolated or complicated hydronephrosis. Conclusion: Onen's AGS reflects the prognosis of hydronephrosis as well as other grading systems in those with isolated hydronephrosis. It was better predictor of renal dysfunction in those with complicated hydronephrosis. However, Onen's AGS was not superior to the other grading systems in terms of predicting prognosis, especially in high-grade hydronephrosis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.78-87
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Recently, the conception and cognition that enuresis was resolved spontaneously, have changed. We reviewed the attitudes of the primary care physicians who make diagnose and treat nocturnal enuresis. Methods: From January 2006 to February 2007, a total of 293 primary care physicians in Daegu city participated in this survey. Questionnaires included questions about physicians' opinions on the appropriated age for diagnosis of enuresis, the likely causes of enuresis, etc. Physicians are grouped in two according to whether enuresis is major field of their subspecialty; the pediatrician & urologist group and the other physician group. Results: 59.2% of pediatricians and urologists thought that enuresis is defined as the nightly involuntary release of urine by children of the age of 5 to 6, while 49.6% of other physicians did. For the causes of enuresis, most of clinicians checked "yes" to the question that "Under-developed bladder and nerve" and "Emotional problems". In the patient's behavioral reactions related to enuresis, "Lack of concentration in home and school" and "Frequent urination" were most responded. Attendance to the education program of enuresis in last five years and willing to participate in education program was statistically different among pediatricians-urologists and other physicians. Regarding the treatment of enuresis, most physicians used imiprarnin widely, but pediatricians and urologists preferred desmopressin. Alarm was the last one in treatment modality. Conclusion: This study revealed that pediatricians and urologists are attending more to the educational places and knowing much about the recent information on enuresis when compared to other primary care physicians, regarding the diagnostic age and treatment modality of enuresis. The education of enuresis for primary physicians is more needed.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.328-337
• /
• 2012

In order to investigate anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-obesity activities of Samchulkunbi-tang (SCT; Shen zhu jian pi-tang) water and 70% ethanol (EtOH) extracts, in vitro inhibitory activities against nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ $PGE_2$), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) and regulated on activation of normal T-cell-expressed and -secreted (RANTES/CCL5) production in TNF-${\alpha}$/interferon-${\gamma}$-stimulated HaCaT and BEAS-2B cells as well as glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity and leptin production in 3T3-L1 cells were determined. A HPLC was used for quantification of the seven marker components (albiflorin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, naringin, hesperidin, poncirin and glycyrrhizin) of SCT water and 70% EtOH extracts. SCT showed inhibitory effects against MDC and RANTES production in HaCaT cells, as well as RANTES production in BEAS-2B cells. In addition, SCT reduced not only NO, $PGE_2$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in RAW 264.7 cells, but also GPDH activity and leptin production in 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, the biological activities and the contents of six compounds (except paeoniflorin) were higher in 70% EtOH extract than water extract. These results suggest that SCT has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-obesity activities. These efficacies of 70% EtOH extract are relatively higher than that of water extract.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.39 no.10 s.267
• /
• pp.770-774
• /
• 2006

Background: Continuous air leakage through chest tube after lung surgery may increase pt's hospital stay and lead to many complications including empyema etc. Chemical pleurodesis has frequently been used for prevention of air leakage. Therefore, we performed chemical pleurodesis using diluted fibrin glue in patients with continuous air leak-age and observed the effects and efficiency of treatment. Material and Method: From September, 2001 to August, 2005, 16 patients whose continuous air leakage lasted more than 7 days underwent chemical pleurodesis with diluted fibrin glue. The effects of treatment, complications and recurrences were reviewed. Dissolved fibrinogen 1.0 g and aprotinin 500,000 KIU were mixed in a 50 cc syringe (Mixed solution A). And dissolved thrombin 5,000 IU and Calcium chloride 600 mg were mixed in a 50 cc syringe (Mixed solution B). Cefazolin 1.0 g was mixed in a 50 cc syringe (Mixed solution C). Rubber tube was inserted between the chest tube and the collecting bottle. An inserted rubber tube was positioned 60cm above the patient and forming a loop appearance was done. Mixed solutions A, B and C were injected into the highest rubber tube. Results: Continuous air leakages disappeared in all f6 patients at next day. Chest tubes were removed after 3 days in all patients. Complications were chest pain in 12 patients (75%), leukocytosis in 14 patients (88%), fever and chill in 14 patients (88%). All complications were transient and disappeared without specific treatment. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that diluted fibrin glue chemical pleurodesis was effective in patients with continuous air leakage lasting more than 7 days. Diluted fibrin glue chemical pleurodesis had good results with acceptable complications. long term follow-up is necessary to evaluate the accurate effects of treatment and recurrence in a large number of patients.