대마 자주의 웅화 유도에 의한 자성종자 생산에 관한 연구

Seed Production by Induction of Male Flowers on Female Plants of Hemp(Cannabis saliva L.)

  • 문윤호 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물센터) ;
  • 구본철 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물센터) ;
  • 최용환 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물센터) ;
  • 안승현 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물센터) ;
  • 박선태 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물센터) ;
  • 차영록 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물센터) ;
  • 안기홍 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물센터) ;
  • 김중곤 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물센터) ;
  • 서세정 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물센터)
  • Moon, Youn-Ho (Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Koo, Bon-Cheol (Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Yoyng-Hwan (Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Ahn, Seung-Hyun (Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Bark, Surn-Teh (Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Cha, Young-Lok (Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • An, Gi-Hong (Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Kon (Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Suh, Sae-Jung (Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA)
  • 투고 : 2010.09.28
  • 발행 : 2010.12.31

초록

대마의 육종 및 재종상의 큰 장애인 "자웅이주성"을 극복할 수 있는 "자성종자" 생산기술을 개발하기 위해 수행한 일련의 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 전 생육기간 자연 단일조건에 재배한 개체들은 질산은을 처리하더라도 성전환 식물체 비율이 5%이고 웅화의 발생정도가 극히 적었으며 자화보다 24일 늦게 개화하여 수정이 되지 않았다. 2. 재배환경을 3엽기, 6엽기에 장일에서 단일조건으로 급격하게 변화시킨 자주는 웅화의 개화량은 적었지만 성전환 개체 비율이 각각 75%, 100%로 높고 자화와 개화기 차이가 각각 10일, 3일로 비슷한 시기에 개화하여 인공수정이 가능하였다. 3. 영양생장기로 판단되는 7월 2일과 7월 12일에 질산은과 단일을 동시에 처리한 개체들은 모두 성이 전환되어 성전환 액아 비율이 각각 63.2%, 61.9%로 높았고 무처리 자주와 동일한 시기에 개화하여 자연적인 풍매로 수정되었다. 또한 상위 제 1절에서 성전환 액아의 비율이 각각 80.5%, 77.0%로 가장 높아 풍매에 유리하도록 바람이 잘 통하는 식물체 상부에서 성전환 액아의 비율이 높았다. 4. 생식생장기로 판단되는 7월 22일에 처리한 개체들은 성전환 액아의 비율이 4.4%로 낮고 자화보다 16일 늦게 개화하여 수정되지 않았다. 5. 일반종자는 자주 비율이 49%로 성비가 1:1에 근접하기 때문에 종실수량이 96 kg/10a였으나 자성종자는 자주 비율이 100%로서 종실수량이 141 kg/10a로 일반 종자에 비해 47% 증수되었다.

This study was conducted to overcome the deliciousness by sex reversal in hemp plants. When female plants grown under long day length condition were transferred to short day length condition in 3th and 6th leaf stage, a few male flowers were formed and the gap of flowering days between sex reversed male and normal female flowers were around 10 days and 3 days, respectively. Although the flowering amounts were small, this short gaps of flowering days were enough for artificial pollination. When female plants grown under long day length condition were transferred to short day length condition just after treatment of silver nitrate in the vegetative stage, a great amount of male flower was formed and the gap of flowering days between sex reversed male and normal female flowers were only 1 to 3 days. The increased sex reversed male flowers and induced short gap of flowering days were adequate for natural wind pollination. When female seeds were cultivated, seed yield was 141 kg/10a, while it was 96 kg/10a when normal seeds cultivated.

키워드

참고문헌

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