• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2017

This study examined a new functional cosmetic material possessing application possibility of Sambucus sieboldiana var. pendula (Nakai) (SS) extract. For this, we analyzed the toxic effect of the SS extract on macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) by performing MTT assay. Results of the MTT assay showed ${\geq}100%$ cell viability after treatment with $500{\mu}g/ml$ SS extract. To determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the SS extract, we examined its inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells by performing Griess assay. Result of the Griess assay showed that the SS extract inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. Next, we examined the effect of the SS extract on the production of proinflammatory factors inducible NOS (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. First, we determined the inhibitory effect of 50, 100, and $500{\mu}g/ml$ SS extract on iNOS and COX-2 protein expression by performing western blot analysis, with ${\beta}$-actin as a positive control. Results of western blotting showed that treatment with $500{\mu}g/ml$ SS extract decreased iNOS and COX-2 protein expression by 31.2% and 54.7%, respectively. Next, we determined the inhibitory effect of 50, 100, and $500{\mu}g/ml$ SS extract on iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression by performing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with GAPDH as a positive control. Results of reverse transcription-PCR showed that treatment with $500{\mu}g/ml$ SS extract decreased the mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 by 72.2% and 89%, respectively. These results suggest that the SS extract is a highly valuable natural compound because of its functional components and anti-inflammatory activity.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2006

Recently, interests and utilization on Computed Radiography(CR) and Digital Radiography(DR) tends to increase owing to an introduction of Picture Archiving and Communication System(PACS) and an accuracy control of special medical equipment for a breast imaging examination. This study was intended to compare and analyze a detector's imaging quality by each system to be used for the breast imaging examination by using ACR Phantom used at the accuracy control. As an evaluation method, a significance and reliability of image's value using the ACR Phantom was analyzed by using SPSS program. The results are followed. 1. For the fiber, there was 3.9 score in Screen-Film, 4.2 score in CR($50{\mu}m$), 3.2 score in CR($100{\mu}m$), and 4.2 score in DR. There was the high score in the order of CR($50{\mu}m$), DR, Screen-Film, and CR($100{\mu}m$)(P<0.05). 2. For the calcification, there was 2.7 score in Screen-Film, 2.5 score in CR($50{\mu}m$), 2.0 score in CR($100{\mu}m$), and 2.9 score in DR. There was the high score in the order of DR, Screen-Film, CR($50{\mu}m$), and CR($100{\mu}m$).(0.025(P<0.05). 3. For Mass, there was 3.8 score in Screen-Film, 3.8 score in CR($50{\mu}m$), 3.6 score in CR($100{\mu}m$), and 4.5 score in DR. There was the high score in the order of DR, CR($50{\mu}m$), Screen-Film, and CR($100{\mu}m$) (P<0.1). 4. As the total score, there was 10.4 score in Screen-Film, 10.6 score in CR($50{\mu}m$), 8.7 score in CR($100{\mu}m$), and 11.3 score in DR. There was the high score in the order of DR, $CR(50{\mu}m$), Screen-Film, and $CR(100{\mu}m$). As shown in the above results, it can be known that DR and Screen-Film System has higher image quality than CR. But, DR has unstability caused by element, and Screen-Film has the low image quality caused by artifact as disadvantages. When Dual-Side CR($50{\mu}m$) was used among CR systems which had the problem of low image quality, it was indicated that there was no difference with Screen-Film System. Because the radiation imaging examination tends to become digitalized, each system for the breast imaging examination will need to be developed and supplemented.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1977

The multiple 7S globulins composed of two fractions (A and B) in the electrophoresis with Davis' method were isolated at different stages of the soybean seed development. Electrophoresis of their subunits liberated in PAWU solvent [phenol-acetic acid-water (2 : 1 : 1) solution plus 5M urea] yielded 4 major bands. Observation of both the electrophoretic bands of the multiple 7S fractions(7S-A and 7S-B) and those of their subunits was suggestive of a similarity of the subunit pattern between two 7S fractions. The two fractions in multiple 7S globulins were isolated with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column$(2.0{\sim}100cm)$ chromatography. They were separated into 2 fractions in a linear gradient concentration of 0.28 to 0.40M NaCl with phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) containing 10mM ${\beta}-mercaptoethanol$(ME). The isolated protein was dissociated into subunits with two different solvent systems; in PAWU solvent and in Tris-HCl buffer(pH 8.0) containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 40mM ME. The dissociated subunits were subjected to electrophoresis in PAWU-treated 7.5% acrylamide gel and in 1% SDS-treated 5.6% acrylamide gel. In PAWU gel electrophoresis, total 7S globulin was separated into 5 major bands, two of which were occupied in common by two 7S fractions(7S-A and 7S-B). In SDS gel electrophoresis, total 7S globulin was separated into 7 major bands, three of which were overlapped with the subunit of the two 7S fractions. The above results alluded us to the presence of a common and/or similar subunit between the multiple 7S globulins.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.445-451
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• 2008

This study compared the effects of chlorine dioxide and a commercial chlorine sanitizer for inhibiting foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157 : H7, on lettuce leaves. The lettuce samples were inoculated with each cocktail of the three strains, and were then treated with chemical sanitizers [distilled water, 100 ppm commercial chlorine and 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$)] for 1 min, 5 min, and 10 min at room temperature($22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$). Following inoculation of the leaves, initial populations of E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium were approximately 5.54, 4.47, and 5.12 log CFU/g, respectively these levels were not significantly reduced by the treatment with water,whereas the 100 ppm commercial chlorine sanitizer treatment and $ClO_2$ (at all tested concentrations) were effective at reducing levels of all three pathogens. The treatment of 200 ppm $ClO_2$ for 10 min was most effective at inhibiting the three pathogens, and reduction levels of E. coli O157 : H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium were 2.28, 1.95, 1.76 log, respectively. The inhibitory effect of $ClO_2$ increased with increasing treatment concentration of $ClO_2$, but there was no significant difference by the treatment times. When chemically injured cells of E. coli O157 : H7 and L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium were examined by SPRAB and selective overlay methods, respectively, it was observed that the commercial chlorine sanitizer generated greater numbers of injured L. monocytogenes than the $ClO_2$ treatment. From the overall results, $ClO_2$ was more effective at inhibiting pathogenic bacteria compared to the commercial chlorine sanitizer therefore, it has potential to be utilized as an alternative sanitizer to increase the microbial safety of fresh produce.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2012

Analysis of the various constituents and determination of biological activities in the different parts (root, stem, and leaf) of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum were carried out. Potassium and calcium were detected in higher contents (mg/100 g fresh wt.) than other minerals. The total phenolic content (mg tannic acid eq./100 g dry wt.) decreased in the order of leaves ($792.7{\pm}16.6$) > stems ($160.3{\pm}6.8$) > roots ($101.5{\pm}2.7$), and the total flavonoid content (mg quercetin eq./100 g dry wt.) was as follows: leaves ($497.9{\pm}11.1$), roots ($35.7{\pm}0.4$), stems ($18.5{\pm}1.4$). DPPH radical-scavenging activity and inhibition activity against the formation of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide in rat blood plasma was higher in the leaves than in roots and stems. Extracts of A. victorialis separated by parts displayed antimicrobial activity against Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, of which the strongest activity was against C. perfringens.

• KCID journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2010

This study was performed to analyze the affect of water supply capacity followed by allocating flood control volume in heightening reservoir, of which Baekgog reservoir was selected as a case study in here. Baekgog reservoir is located in Jincheon county, Chungbuk province, of which full water level will be heightened from EL. 100. 1m to EL. 102.1m, and total storage from 21.75M $m^3$ to 26.67M $m^3$. Flood inflow with 200year frequency was estimated to 997 $m^3$/s in peak flow and 22.54M $m^3$ in total volume. Reservoir flood routing was conducted to determine flood limited water levels, which was determined to have scenarios such as EL 97-98-99m in periods of 6.21.-7.20., 7.21.-8.20., and 8.21.-9.20., respectively, EL 97-97-97m, EL 98-98-98m in present reservoir, and EL 99-100-101m, EL 99-99-99m, and EL 100-100-100m in heightened reservoir. Reservoir inflow was simulated by DAWAST model. Annual paddy irrigation requirement was estimated to 33.19M $m^3$ to 2,975ha. Instream flow was allocated to 0.14mm/d from October to April. Operation rule curve was drawn using inflow, irrigation and instream flow requirements data. In case of withdrawal limit reservoir operation using operation rule curve, reduction rates of annual irrigation supply before and after flood control by reservoir were 2.0~4.3% in present size and 1.5~3.6% in heightened size. Reliability on water supply was decreased from 77.3% to 63.6~68.2% in present size and from 81.6% to 72.7~79.5% in heightened size. And reduction rates of water storage at the end of year before and after flood control by reservoir were 7.3~16.5% in present size and 7.7~16.9% in heightened size. But water supplies were done without any water deficiency through withdrawal limit reservoir operation in spite of low flood regulating water level.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out in order to know the decreasing causes of plant density and its relations with pasture productivity by the times of established pasture. The results were summarized as follows, 1. The yield components of dead plant can be used to estimate the changes of pasture productivity by the times of established pasture. 2 . The number of dead plants(PD) showed a quadraticalrelation with mean dry weight of dead plant $W/pl.)$ by the times of established pasture. 3. Relationship between relative number of tillers per dead plant to mean number of tillers of adjacent plants (RNT) and relative ratio of number of tillers per dead plant to number of tillers of plants in the 1st cutting (RNDT) showed highly positive significant correlation in 1 and 3 years old pasture. 4. Less than 100 of RNT were 79.5 %, 71.4 % and 100 % of dead plants in 1, 3 and 5, and 7 years old pasture, respectively. 5. Not exceeding values of RNDT to MRRNT were 89.7 %, 71.4 % and 100 % of dead plants in 1, 3 and 5, and 7 years old pasture. 6 . The values of 79.5 %, 57.2 % and 100 % of dead plants in 1, 3 and 5, and 7 years old pasture were not exceeding to MRRNT and less than 100 of RNT. 7. From the results described above, it was discussed that the relative number of tillers per dead plant(RNT) should be described not absolute deaeasing causes of plant density in 1 and 3 yars old pasture. But, the total number of dead plants in 5 and 7 years old pasture were absolutely influenced by RNT and MRRNT.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.434-438
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• 2006

High-quality a-Si TFTs were fabricated on 7 inch plastic PES substrates at $130^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$. It had been shown that the key factor for successful TFT fabrication on the relatively large plastic substrates is thorough control of total active layer's stress by means of deposition temperature reduction and single layer's intrinsic stress optimization.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 1990

The blood chemical values and blood enzyme activities were examined from 74 healthy mixed breed dogs in the area of Seoul. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Mean${\pm}$SD values and ranges of glucose were $61.97{\pm}8.41mg/100ml$ and 47.28~81.67mg/100ml, of blood urea nitrogen(BUN) $15.99{\pm}2.31mg/100ml$ and 8.21~21.31mg/100ml, of total protein(TP) $8.17{\pm}0.93g/100ml$ and 6.06~9.91g/100ml, of albumin $4.16{\pm}0.47g/100ml$ and 2.81~5.15g/100ml, of globulin, $4.01{\pm}0.64g/100ml$ and 2.72~5.54g/100ml, of albumin/globulin(A/G) ratio $1.06{\pm}0.17$ and 0.71~1.42, of cholesterol(Chol) $187.33{\pm}19.78mg/100ml$ and 128.70~222.90mg/100ml, of total bilirubin(TB) $0.73{\pm}0.14mg/100ml$ and 0.43~1.16mg/100ml, of phosphorus(Pi) $5.25{\pm}1.00mg/100ml$ and 2.61~7.72mg/100ml, of calcium(Ca) $10.76{\pm}1.08mg/100ml$ and 8.24~12.60mg/100ml, of triglyceride(TG) $89.48{\pm}21.16mg/100ml$ and 47.80~133.00mg/100ml, respectively. 2. The glucose value in the age group of 7~12 months was higher (p<0.01) but in the age group of 3~4 years was lower (p<0.05) than the total glucose value. The TP value in the age group of 7~12 months was lower (p<0.01) but in the age group of 1~2 years was higher (p<0.05) than the total TP value. The globulin value in the age group of 7~12 months was lower (p<0.01) but in the group of 1~2 years was higher (p<0.01) than the total globulin value. The A/G ratio value in the age group of 7~12 months was higher (p<0.05) but in the age group of 1~2 years was lower (p<0.05) than the total A/G ratio value. The phosphorus values in the age group of 1~2 years and the age group of 3~4 years were lower (p<0.01, p<0.001) than the total phosphorus value. The calcium value in the age group of less than 6 months was higher (p<0.05) but in the age group of 7~12 months was lower (p<0.001) than the total calcium value. 3. Mean${\pm}$S.D. values and ranges of alkaline phosphatase(AP) were $72.47{\pm}19.73IU/l$, and 28.13~105.00IU/l, of lactic dehydrogense(LDH) $159.46{\pm}45.11IU/l$ and 60.63~265.30IU/l, of serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) $38.64{\pm}8.62IU/l$ and 21.47~70.58IU/l, of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) $34.88{\pm}11.30IU/l$ and 14.51~73.17IU/l, respectively. 4. The AP value in the age group of 7~12 months was higher (p<0.05) but in the age group of 1~2 years was lower (p<0.01, p<0.001) than the total AP value. The LDH value in the age group of less than 6 months was higher (p<0.001) but in the age group of 1~2 years and the age group of 3~4 years were lower (p<0.05) than the total LDH value. The serum AST value in the age group of 3~4 years was lower (p<0.01) than the total SGOT value. The serum ALT value in the age group of 7~12 months was higher(p<0.05) than the total SGPT value.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.135-150
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• 2018

Eleven bacterial strains 17SD2_15, 17Sr1_23, 17SD2_13, 17Sr1_31, 17gy_18, 16B15D, 16B02D, 16B04G, 16B01D, 17U4-2 and 17J28-10 assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria were isolated from soil samples collected from Seoul Women's University, in South Korea. The Belnapia species, strain 17SD2_15 was cocci-shaped and pink-colored. The Methylobacterium species, strain 17Sr1_23, 17SD2_13, 17Sr1_31, and 16B15D were short rod-shaped and pink-colored. The Microvirga species, strain 17gy_18, and 16B02D were short rod-shaped and pink-colored. The Oxalicibacterium species, strain 16B04G was short rod-shaped and pink-colored. The Sphingomonas species, strain 16B01D was short rod-shaped and yellow-colored. The Variovorax species, strain 17U4-2 was cocci-shaped and yellow-colored. The Paracoccus species, 17J28-10 was cocci-shaped and orange-colored. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strains 17SD2_15, 17Sr1_23, 17SD2_13, 17Sr1_31, 17gy_18, 16B15D, 16B02D, 16B04G, 16B01D, 17U4-2 and 17J28-10 were most closely related to Belnapia soli (with 99.9% similarity), Methylobacterium gregans (99.1%), Methylobacterium isbiliense (99.6%), Methylobacterium oxalidis (99.9%), Microvirga aerilata (98.7%), Methylobacterium aerolatum (99.0%), Microvirga vignae (100.0%), Noviherbaspirillum canariense (100.0%), Sphingomonas desiccabilis (100.0%), Variovorax humicola (99.6%), and Paracoccus acridae (99.1%), respectively. This is the first report of these eleven species in Korea.