• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.213-231
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• 2000

이 연구의 목적은 다공성의 CPP 내부에 쥐의 장골의 골수에서 유래된 세포를 접종하고 3차 원적으로 배양하여 CPP가 골 형성을 위한 조직공학의 지지체로 적용가능한가를 연구하는 것과 Calcium PolyPhosphate(CPP)의 돌연변이 유발성을 검사하는 것이다. 무수 ($Ca(H_2PO_4)$)를 condensation하여 무결정의 ($Ca(PO_3)$)를 얻고 이를 용융하고 냉각시킨 후 분쇄하여 Calcium polyphosphate(CPP) powder를 얻었다. 다공성의 CPP는 5% $SiO_2$를 첨가하여 sponge 형태로 $450-550{\mu}m$ 소공의 크기를 가지는 것과(CPP-45ppi) $200-300{\mu}m$의 소공의 크기를 가지는 것(CCP-60ppi) 2가지로 제작하였다. 각각의 CPP matrices는 $5mm{\times}5mm{\times}1mm$의 블록 형태로 만들었다. 체중 100g 내외의 백서에서 장골(femur, tibia)을 채취하여 백서의 장골 골수 세포를 분리하여 배양한 후 24well에 CPP block을 넣고 CPP block 당 $10^5$개의 배양한 세포를 접종하였다. 배양 1, 7, 14, 및 21 일째에 각 well에서 trypsin EDTA를 이용하여 2회 반복하여 cell을 분리하였고, 원심분리한 후 hemacytometer로 측정하였다. 또, 45ppi와 60ppi, 그 리 고 Tissue Culture Polystyrene(control group)에 접종, 배양된 세포들의 염기성 인산분해효소활성도를 배양 7, 14, 및 21 일째에 각각 측정하였다. 각 기간별로 배양된 세포-CPP 혼합체내에서 세포의 부착 및 증식과 형성된 조직의 3차원적 형태를 관찰하기 위하여 주사전자현미경하에서의 관찰하였다. CPP의 돌연변이 유발성 검사 (mutagenicity test)를 위해 hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HPRT) assay를 하였다. NIH3T3 cell line과 CHO-K1 cell line으로 각각 $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 그리고 $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$의 CPP 농도에서 측정하였다. 통계적 분석을 위해서 모든 측정은 각군당 4개체 이상 시험하였고, 각 측정값은 평균값${\pm}$표준편차로 나타내었다. 각 군간의 통계적 유의성 검정을 위해서 Analysis of variance(ANOVA)를 이용하였고 Tukey의 방법으로 사후분석을 실시하였다. 제작된 CPP matrices 소공들이 서로간에 연결이 잘 되어있는 형태였다. 두 가지로 제조된 CPP(45ppi와 60ppi) 모두에서 세포의 부착이 잘 일어났고, 부착된 세포의 분열도 잘 일어났다. 2 가지의 CPP 모두에서 7, 14, 21일째의 세포 수는 1일째에 비해 유의성 있게 증가하였다(P<0.01). 3차원적 구조인 Calcium PolyPhosphate에서 배양한 세포는 24well dish(tissue culture polystyrene)에서 평면적으로 배양한 대조군의 세포에서 보다 염기성 인산분해효소 (Alkaline Phosphatase)를 유의성 있게 높게 나타냈다. 주사전자현미경에서 세포-CPP 혼합체를 관찰한 결과, CPP block에 세포들이 잘부착되어 있었고, 시간이 지남에 따라 세포가 여러 층을 형성하면서 뭉치는 현상을 보였다. 또, HPRT assay 결과 , Calcium PolyPhosphate는 돌연변이 유발성을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 CPP에는 세포부착이 잘 일어나고, 지지체 상에서 세포의 분열도 활발하게 일어나므로 골조직을 위한 조직공학의 우수한 지지체가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2012

To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of freeze-dried plum (Prunus mume Siebold and Zucc., PMS) or omija meal (Schizandra chinensis Baill.; SCB) on growth performance, organ weights, blood biochemical profiles and antioxidant defense system, a total of 96, 3-day-old male broiler chickens were assigned to three dietary groups: (1) control diet, (2) control diet supplemented with PMS at 0.2%, (3) control diet supplemented with SCB at 0.2%. In vitro antioxidant activity, plum and omija extracts showed a significantly higher radical scavenging activity (RSA). In particular, omija extract showed much higher RSA than plum extract. Dietary addition of plum or omija did not affect body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and the relative weight of digestive organ in birds. Plasma triglyceride significantly (P<0.05) increased in birds fed the diet supplemented with omija compared with those fed control diet without affecting the other blood biochemical components. Furthermore, reduced form of glutathione (GSH) in the liver or muscle significantly (P<0.05) increased in birds fed the diet fortified with plum and omija. However, the specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MDA (malondealdehyde) in the intestine, liver and muscle were not altered by dietary antioxidant sources. In conclusion, dietary plum and omija resulted in a positive effect on some antioxidant indicators such as increased in vitro RAS in extracts and in vivo GSH level in the liver and muscle without affecting growth performance. Therefore, dietary addition of 0.2% of plum or omija could be applicable as potential antioxidant sources in broiler chick production.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2012

The effects of dietary supplementation of dried coffee meal (CM) on growth performance, blood biochemical profiles, the weights of immune-related organs, and the antioxidant defense system in broiler chicks were examined. A total of 162, 3-day-old male broiler chickens were assigned to three dietary groups: control group (CON), control diet added with 0.5% CM (CM0.5), and control diet added with 1.0% CM (CM1.0). In vitro antioxidant activity test, coffee extracts showed concentration-dependent increase in radical scavenging activity. Dietary addition of 0.5 and 1.0% of CM did not have negative effects on growth performance and feed conversion during the experimental periods, whereas dietary CM significantly (P<0.05) increased the relative weight of thymus without changes in the other organ weights. In addition, birds fed the diet supplemented with CM (0.5 and 1.0%) significantly increased blood albumin without affecting other components including glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol compared with those fed control diet. In antioxidant defense system, the specific activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase and the level of glutathione in the small intestine and liver were not affected by dietary supplementation of CM. However, hepatic lipid peroxidation in birds fed the diet supplemented with 0.5% CM was significantly (P<0.05) decreased compared with that in control birds. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CM(0.5~1.0%) has potential for use as a natural antioxidant source without negative effect on growth performance in broiler chickens.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.178-185
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• 2006

This study was to investigate the effect of 0.1% chitosan-ascorbate (CA) prepared with different molecular weight (223, 746, 1,110 and 2,025 kDa) of chitosan on the changes in antioxidant activity of mul-kimchi during storage at $10^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. Animal experiments were divided to 5 groups; normal control group (NC), high cholesterol diet group (HC), high cholesterol diet mul-kimchi diet group (HCKC), high cholesterol diet and CA2025 containing mul-kimchi administrated group (HCCA), and high cholesterol diet and 1/2 concentrated CA containing mul-kimchi administrated group (HC2CA). Mul-kimchi juice was administered 0.5 mL per 100 g body weight once a day and fed for 5 weeks. Electron donating activity of the 20 days-stored mul-kimchi with 0.1% CA showed higher activity (84.74~89.13%) than those of control and ascorbic acid mul-kimchi (35.04 and 75.04%). Superoxide dismutase activities of the kimchijuice with CA were higher in the higher molecular of chitosan. In the animal experiments, the average body weight of the HCCA and HC2CA group were lower 6.9% and 8.4% than that of HC control group, respectively. Hepatic glutathione content in HCCA and HC2CA group was increased 22.5% and 9.1% as compared to HC group. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase activities were significantly increased in the HCCA (219.9%) and HC2CA group (153.8%) compared to NC group. Hepatic superoxide dismutase activity was highest in the HCCA group, and the activities in CA groups were higher than those of NC and HC group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.697-702
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• 2001

This study was done to investigate effects of Korean mistletoe extract and lectin on serum GOT, GPT and $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities and the preneoplastic lesion in chemically induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. To attain the above objectives weanling Sprangue-Dawley male rats were fed modified AIN-76 diets containing 10% corn oil for 9 weeks. One week after feeding rats were intraperitonealy injected twice with a dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 50 mg/kg body weight(BW)) and were provided 0.05% phenobarbita (PB) with drinking water from one week after DEN treatment until the end of experiment. For the same period as PB treatment, rats were injected mistletoe extract (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg BW European mistletoe, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg BW and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg BW Korean mistletoe) and lectin(1 ng/kg BW, 10 ng/kg BW) twice a week. At the end of 9th week rats were sacrificed and the formation of hepatic glutthione S-transferase placental form positive (GST-P+) foci serum GOT, GPT and $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities were determined. By treatment of mistletoe extract or lectin there were no significant effects on serum GOP, GPT and $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities whereas those activities showed a tendency to increase by DEN treatment. The formation of GST-P+ foci was significantly decreased by mistletoe extract or lectin treatment especially in group of 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg BW Korean mistletoe. These results suggest that Korean mistletoe extract and lectin have a possibility to inhibit hepatocarcinogenesis of animals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1349-1355
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of methanol extract of Allomyrina dichotoma larva (MEAL) on carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)-induced$ hepatotoxicity in mice. ICR mice were divided into 5 groups [Vehicle control, $CCl_4\;(10{\mu}g/g)$ alone, $CCl_4$ plus a low dose $(50{\mu}g/g)$ of MEAL, $CCl_4$ plus a high dose $(100{\mu}g/g)$ of MEAL]. Silymarin $(2{\mu}g/g)$ was used as the reference in the experiment. Administration of MEAL tended to decrease the serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity induced by $CCl_4$ treatment in mice. Hepatic concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in a high-dose group of diet decreased to the level of silymarin-treated group. Hepatic activity of glutathione S-transferase in MEAL-treated group was lower than that of $CCl_4-treated$ group. Serum concentration of bilirubin was significantly increased by $CCl_4$ treatment, but MEAL or silymarin recovered the level. These results suggest that MEAL may exert the protective effect against $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity in mice. However, more intensive studies would be needed to elucidate the protective mechanism of the beetle on hepatotoxicity of mice.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.593-623
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• 1999

This experimental study was designed to verify the anti-aging efficacy of Eukmigihwangtang (EMGHT) and Rehmannia Radix, and determine the specific role and actions of Rehmannia Radix. Normal rat (2 months old), aging rat (8 months old), and pathologically induced rat (2 months old, injected 30mg/kg of streptozotocin) are observed to study the aging eliciting factors such as peroxide contents and enzyme activities. The following results were obtained in this study: 1. For the body weight changes, normal group given Rehmannia Radix showed decrease in the body weight compared to the control group, aging group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease in the body weight, and STZ injected group showed suppression to the body weight loss when given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix. 2. For the content changes in serum lipid peroxide, normal group showed increasing level as the rat gets older. Aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease in the lipid peroxide level compared to the control group. Decrease was more prominant in the group given EMGHT. 3. For the changes in serum hydroxyl radical, normal group did not show significant changes, but aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease in the hydroxyl radical level compared to the control group. Decrease was more prominant in the group given EMGHT. 4. For the changes in serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, normal group did not show significant changes, but aging group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant increase in the SOD activity compared to the control group. STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease in the SOD activity compared to the control group. 5. For the content changes in hepatic lipid peroxide, aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease in the lipid peroxide level compared to the control group. 6. For the changes in hepatic cytochrome P-450 activity, aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease compared to the control group. Cytochrome b5 activity was significantly decreased only in the STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix. 7. For the changes in hepatic aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activity, aging group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease compared to the control group. STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant increase in the aminopyrine demethylase activity, and showed significant decrease in the aniline hydroxylase activity compared to the control group. 8. For the content changes in hepatic protein bound-SH and nonprotein bound-SH, againg group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant increase compared to the control group. 9. For the content changes in hepatic glutathione level, aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant increase compared to the control group. 10. For the changes in hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity, aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant increase and decrease, respectively, compared to the control group. 11. For the changes in hepatic glutathione reductase activity, aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant increase compared to the control group, while $\gamma$-Glutamylcystein synthetase activity did not show significant changes. 12. For the changes in hepatic superoxide dismutase activity, aging group and STZ injected group given EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix showed significant decrease compared to the control group. From the above results, the antioxidant effects of EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix were proved, as well as the role of Rehmannia Radix, a chief of EMGHT, was examined. In addition, since no change was reconized as the quantity of Rehmannia Radix and the order herbs increased, the reasonableness on EMGHT was proven with respect to its composition and quantity. Thus, the significance of EMGHT could be objectively exmined in terms of its composition and quantity. Considering animals used in the experiment, there were obvious changes in aging rats and pathologically induced rats than in normal rats. Consequently, it was noticeable that EMGHT and Rehmannia Radix were working selectively on the subjects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1019-1026
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• 2010

Obesity and being overweight are strongly associated with the development of metabolic disease such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia. High-fat diet (HFD) is one of the most important factors which cause obesity. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were treated with a HFD for 22 weeks in order to induce obesity and hyperglycemia. Twenty-two weeks later, body weight and plasma glucose level of the HFD group were significantly increased, compared with the normal diet (ND) group. Intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) showed glucose intolerance in the HFD group compared with the ND group. These results confirmed that a HFD induced obesity and hyperglycemia in C57BL/6 mice. Plasma levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were increased in the HFD group compared with the ND group. Hepatic levels of TG and TC were also increased by a HFD. To investigate the alteration of lipid metabolism in liver, proteins which are related to lipid metabolism were observed. Among lipid synthesis related enzymes, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and glycerol phosphate acyl transferase (GPAT) were significantly increased in the HFD group. Apolipoprotein B (apoB) and microsomal triglyceride transport protein (MTP), which are related to lipid transport, were significantly increased in the HFD group. Interestingly, protein level and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is known as a metabolic regulator, were significantly increased in the HFD group compared with the ND group. In the present study we suggest that HFD may physiologically increase the proteins which are related with lipid synthesis and lipid transport, but that HFD may paradoxically induce the activation of AMPK.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.641-647
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• 2014

In this study, we evaluated the effect of Capsosiphon fulvescens extract (CFE) and its active compound, pheophorbide A (PhA), on diabetic kidney failure. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg body weight (BW)). After a week, the rats were orally administered CFE (4 and 20 mg/kg BW) or PhA (0.2 mg/kg BW) once a day for 9 weeks. After scarification, renal tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histochemical analyses. Our study showed that the treatment with CFE and PhA significantly decreased lipid peroxidation level and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase (p<0.05), but it increased glutathione level and the activities of glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the renal tissues (p<0.05). The CFE- and PhA-treated rats with DM showed improved histochemical appearance and decreased abnormal glycogen accumulation. Therefore, we suggest that PhA-containing CFE could exert renal protective effects against STZ-induced oxidative stress.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.112-121
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• 2016

Development of genetically-modified (GM) crops enables the introduction of new traits to the plant to confer characteristics such as disease resistance, herbicide resistance and human health-promoting bioactivity. Successful commercialization of newly developed GM crops requires stable inheritance of integrated T-DNA and newly introduced traits through the multiple generations. This study was carried out to confirm the stable inheritance of the integrated T-DNA in $T_1$ and $T_2$ transgenic Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) that was genetically modified to increase concentrations of phenylethylisothiocyanate (PEITC), which is a potential anti-carcinogenic phytochemical. For this purpose, the IGA 1-3 ($T_1$ generation) and IGA 1-3-5 ($T_2$ generation) lines were selected by PCR and a IGA 1-3 transgenic plant ($T_1$ generation) was analyzed to confirm the T-DNA insertion site in the Chinese cabbage genome by VA-TAIL PCR. The results of this study showed that the introduced T-DNA in IGA 1 line was stably inherited to the next generations without any variations in terms of the structure of the transgenes, and this line also showed the expected transgene function that resulted in increased concentration of PEITC through the multiple generations. Finally, we confirmed the increased QR activity in IGA 1 $T_1$ and $T_2$ transgenic lines, which indicates an enhanced potential anti-carcinogenic bioactivity and its stable inheritance in IGA1 $T_1$ and $T_2$ transgenic lines.