• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2000

In this paper, we present the proof of generalized Fenchel's theorem by estimating the Gauss-Kronecker curvature of the tube of a nondegenerate closed curve in R$^{n}$ .

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.868-880
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• 2020

One of the main concerns in the structural integrity of offshore pipelines is mechanical damage from external loads. Pipelines are exposed to fatigue failure in welded joints due to geometric discontinuity. In addition, fatigue loads such as currents, waves, and platform motions may cause significant plastic deformation and fracture or leakage within a relatively low-cycle regime. The 2007 ASME Div. 2 Code adopts the master S―N curve for the fatigue evaluation of welded joints based on the mesh-insensitive structural stress. An extension to the master S―N curve was introduced to evaluate the low-cycle fatigue strength. This structural strain method uses the tensile properties of the material. However, the monotonic tensile properties have limitations in describing the material behavior above the elastic range because most engineering materials exhibit hardening or softening behavior under cyclic loads. The goal of this study is to extend the cyclic stress-strain behavior to the structural strain method. To this end, structural strain-based procedure was established while considering the cyclic stress-strain behavior and compared to the structural strain method with monotonic tensile properties. Finally, the improved prediction method was validated using fatigue test data from full-scale girth-welded pipes.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1577-1587
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• 1994

TiO2 thin films with the substitution of oxygen with nitrogen were deposited on silicon substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4 (titanium tetraisopropoxide, TTIP) and N2O as source materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the crystal structure of the deposited thin films was anatase TiO2 with only (101) plane observed at the deposition temperatures of 36$0^{\circ}C$ and 38$0^{\circ}C$, and with (101) and (200) plane at above 40$0^{\circ}C$. Raman spectroscopic results indicated that the crystal structure was anatase TiO2 in accordance with the XRD results without any rutile, fcc TiN, or hcp TiN structure. No fundamental difference was observed with temperature increase, but the peak intensity at 194.5 cm-1 increased with strong intensity at 143.0 cm-1 for all samples. The crystalline size of the films varied from 49.2 nm to 63.9 nm with increasing temperature as determined by slow-scan XRD experiments. The refractive index of the films increased from 2.40 to 2.55 as temperature increased. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study showed only Ti 2s, Ti 2p, C 1s, O 1s and O 2s peaks at the surface of the film. The composition of the surface was estimated to be TiO1.98 from the quatitative analysis. In the bulk of the film Ti 2s, Ti 2p, O 1s, O 2s, N 1s and N 2s were detected, and Ti-N bonding was observed due to the substitution of oxygen with nitrogen. A satellite structure was observed in the Ti 2p due to the Ti-N bonding, and the composition of titanium nitride was determined to be about TiN1.0 from the position of the binding energy of Ti-N 2p3/2 and the quatitative analysis. The spectrum of Ti 2p energy level could be the sum of a 4, 5, or 6 Gaussian curve reconstruction, and the case of the sum of the 6 Gaussian curve reconstruction was physically most meaningful. From the results of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), it was known that the composition was not varied significantly throughout the whole thickness of the film, and silicon oxide was not observed at the interface between the film and the substrate. The composition of the film was possible (TiO2)1-x.(TiN)x or TiO2-2xNx and in this experimental condition x was found to be about 0.21-0.16.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 1976

동일 년급군 체장에 관한 도수분포는 정규분포를 하는데, 어류자원의 감소계수를 z라 할 때 x 세 년급군의 미수가 $N_x=N_o\exp(-zx)$로 표시된다. 위의 두가지 사실에다 체장조성표를 이용하여 생잔율 $\varrho^{-z}$ 추정하는 방법을 연구한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 연령, 분업에 관한 정밀조정표(표본)로부터 각년급군별 모체장평균, 모분산의 불편추정치($\bar{x},S^2$ 소표본일 때는 S^2 대신 $n/n-1{\cdot}S^2$를 구하였다. 2. 표본에서 구한 각 연금군별 모체장평균의 불편추정치$(\bar{x})$간의 경향선식과 각 년급군별 모분산($S^2$ 혹은 $n/n-1{\cdot}S^2$의 불편추정치간의 경향선식을 구하였다. 3. 각 경향선식에서 년급군별 모체장평균치와 모분산의 추정치$\hat{u},\hat{\sigma^2}$를 구하였다. 4. 각 년급군별로 모체장평균이 불편추정치$(\bar{x})$와 경향식에서 구한 모체장평균의 추정치$(\hat{u})$와의 차에 관한 유의성검정을 하고 또 각 년급군별로 모분산의 불편추정치($S^2$ 혹을 $n/n-1{\cdot}S^2$와 경향선식에서 구한 모분산의 추정치$\hat{\sigma}^2$와의 차에 관한 유의성검정을 하였다. 5. 유의성검정에서 두 종류 가운데 적어도 하나가 유의적이면 유의적인 년급군의 모체장평균(u)과 모분산$(\sigma^2)$을 모체장평균의 불편추정치$(\bar{x})$와 모분산의 불편추정치($S^2$ 혹은 $n/n-1{\cdot}S^2$로 한다. 2종의 검정이 유의적이 아닌 때는 해당하는 년급군의 모체장평균(u)과 모분산$\sigma^2$을 경향선식에서 구한 모체장평균의 추정치$\hat{u}$와 모분산의 추정치$(\hat\sigma^2)$로 하였다. 표본이 없는 년급군의 모체장평균(u)과 모분산$(\sigma^2)$도 역시 경향선식에서 구한 모체장평균 및 모분산의 추정치$\hat{u},\;\sigma^2$로 하였다. 6. 모체장평균(u)과 모분산$(\sigma^2)$이 추정되면 정규곡선면적표를 이용하여 년급군별로 각 체장계급에 해당하는 확률표를 만들었다. 7. 서로 이웃하는 체장계급의 비를 이용하여 생잔율 $\varrho^{-z}$ 값들을 구하였다. 8. $\varrho^{-z}$값들 중 이상적인 값은 유의적이면 기각하고 나머지 값으로 평균생잔율과 그 분산, 표준편차, 신뢰한계를 구하였다. 9. 향해 및 동지나해에 있어서 한국기선저인망에 어획된 참조기의 연령 및 체장에 관한 정밀조정표와 체장조직성표를 이용하여 년평균생잔율 $\varrho^{-z}$와 그 분산, 표준편차, 신뢰계수 $95\%$의 신뢰구분과 연평균 감소계수 Z를 구하였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1243-1248
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• 2010

Fatigue design and evaluation of welded joints are typically carried out by weld classification approach in which a family (theoretically infinite) of parallel nominal stress based S-N curves are used according to joint types and loading modes as well as extrapolation-based hot spot stress. Traditional finite element methods are not capable of consistently capturing the stress concentration effects on fatigue behavior due to their mesh-sensitivity in stress determination at welds resulted from notch stress singularity. The extrapolated hot spot stresses tend vary, depending on the element sizes, types, joint types, and loading mode. however, the equilibrium-equivalent structural stress method(E2S2) has been recently developed through several joint industry projects as a robust method to analyze welded components using finite element analysis. This method has been proven effective in correlating a large amount of published fatigue test results in the literature such as master S-N curve and has used for evaluating the fatigue life of welding components. In this study, fatigue analysis of the welding bogie frame is examined using E2S2 method with master S-N curve.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.421-424
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• 2006

High nitrogen steels (HNS) exhibit both high strength and ductility during tensile deformation. In the present study the Fe-18Cr-14Mn-4Ni-0.9N high nitrogen steel was heat treated at $1000^{\circ}C$ and $1100^{\circ}C$ to produce $Cr_2N$ precipitates in austenite matrix and full austenite microstructures, respectively. Tensile tests of the heat treated specimens were performed at two different strain rates of 0.05/sec and 0.00005/sec. Each tensile curve of the specimens could be well characterized by the the modified Ludwik equation. Plastic deformation of the steel was adequately represented by the four parameters of the modified Ludwik equation. At 0.05/s strain rate, the specimen with the $Cr_2N$ precipitate exhibited higher strength than the full austenite specimen, while the full austenite specimen showed better mechanical properties at 0.00005/s strain rate. It was found that the $Cr_2N$ precipitates influences deformation behavior of the high nitrogen steel significantly.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.707-712
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• 2008

The fatigue characteristics of a material or a structure are generally derived from fatigue tests of standard specimens. However, test results of standard specimens are different from those of real structures or components. Therefore, to calculate more accurate fatigue life, the geometrical effect and surface condition must be considered by comparing test results of standard specimens with those of real structures or components. Thus the object of this paper is to evaluate the fatigue characteristics of a real waterwork pipe. Also, to evaluate fatigue characteristic based on life distribution, the statistical fatigue characteristics were analyzed by the normal distribution and related data of P-S-N curve.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2011

Greg([Greg]) considered that $$N_k= \sum\limits_{i=1}^k(-1)^{i+1}P_{i,k}(p)N_1^i$$ where the $P_{i,k}$'s were polynomials with positive integer coefficients. In this paper, we will give the equations for $\sum\limits{P_{i,k}$ modulo 3. Using this, if we send a information for elliptic curve to sender, we can make a new checksum method for Manchester coding in IEEE 802.3 or IEEE 802.4.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.193-194
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2002

Let $E/{\mathbb{Q}$ be an elliptic curve defined over rationals, P is a non-torsion rational point of E and $$S=\{[n]P{\mid}n{\in}{\mathbb{Z}}\}$$. then S is dense in the component of $E({\mathbb{R}})$ which contains the infinity in the usual Euclidean topology or in the topology defined by the invariant Haar measure and it is uniformly distributed.