• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the basis for the information to select the suitable potato varieties grown in new reclaimed land. The potatoes of five varieties were planted in the port with 4 different electrical conductivities of saturated extracts of soil taken the Saemangeum reclamation area, which was made of non-treatment salt and three concentrations of salt treatment, 1.6 dS $m^{-1}$, 3.2 dS $m^{-1}$, 4.8 dS $m^{-1}$, respectively. All of the potato varieties were uniformly emerged without missing plant in all treatment groups, even 4.8 dS $m^{-1}$ treatment group. According to the salt concentration of soil, required date to the emergence of the potato comparing to non-treatment salt was delayed 3-4 days in 1.6 dS $m^{-1}$, 6-10 days in 3.2 dS $m^{-1}$, 7-13 days in 4.8 dS $m^{-1}$, respectively, and the number of its branch decreased by 14-58% comparing to non-treatment salt depending on varieties. Since the increase of the salt concentration of the soil was more serious the decrease of the number of its branch, but plant height tended to increase when branch number per plant was small, which was depending on more number of its branch than salt concentration. Fresh tuber yield of potato comparing to non-treatment salt were decrease 33.7% in 1.6 dS $m^{-1}$, 59.5% in 3.2 dS $m^{-1}$, 79.3% 7-13 days in 4.8 dS $m^{-1}$, respectively. The threshold EC starting the growth inhibition of fresh weight decreased was 1.2 dS $m^{-1}$ for Chudong, 1.8 $m^{-1}$ for Chubeak, 1.9 $m^{-1}$ for Chugang and Chuyeong, and 2.0 $m^{-1}$ for Sumi, and EC which decreased 50% of dry weight index was 2.4 dS $m^{-1}$ for Chubaek, 2.45 dS $m^{-1}$ for Chudong, 2.81 dS $m^{-1}$ for Chugang, 3.03 dS $m^{-1}$ for Chuyeong, and 3.29 dS $m^{-1}$ for Sumi. The present results suggest that Sumi is considered to the suitable potato variety grown on saline soils.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2019

Sphingosine kinase 1 and its product, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), as well as their receptors, have been implicated in inflammatory responses. The functions of receptors $S1P_1$ and $S1P_2$ on cell motility have been investigated. However, the function of $S1P_3$ has been poorly investigated. In this study, the roles of $S1P_3$ on inflammatory response were investigated in primary peritoneal macrophages. $S1P_3$ receptor was induced along with sphingosine kinase 1 by stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS treatment induced inflammatory genes, such iNOS, COX-2, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$. TY52156, an antagonist of $S1P_3$ suppressed the induction of inflammatory genes in a concentration dependent manner. Suppression of iNOS and COX-2 induction was further confirmed by western blotting and NO measurement. Suppression of $IL-1{\beta}$ induction was also confirmed by western blotting and ELISA. Caspase 1, which is responsible for $IL-1{\beta}$ production, was similarly induced by LPS and suppressed by TY52156. Therefore, we have shown $S1P_3$ induction in the inflammatory conditions and its pro-inflammatory roles. Targeting $S1P_3$ might be a strategy for regulating inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.199-209
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• 2018

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are increasingly been recognized as the chemical mediators of mold interactions, shaping their community dynamics, growth, and metabolism. Herein, we selectively examined the time-correlated (0 D-11 D, where D = incubation days) effects of intraspecies VOC-mediated interactions (VMI) on Aspergillus oryzae KCCM 60345 (S1), following co-cultivation with partner strain A. oryzae KACC 44967 (S2), in a specially designed twin plate assembly. The comparative evaluation of $S1_{VMI}$ (S1 subjected to VMI with S2) and its control ($S1_{Con}$) showed a notable disparity in their radial growth ($S1_{VMI}$ < $S1_{Con}$) at 5 D, protease activity ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 3-5 D, amylase activity ($S1_{VMI}$ < $S1_{Con}$) at 3-5 D, and antioxidant levels ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 3 D. Furthermore, we observed a distinct clustering pattern for gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry datasets from 5 D extracts of $S1_{VMI}$ and $S1_{Con}$ in principle component analysis (PC1: 30.85%; PC2: 10.31%) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (PLS1: 30.77; PLS2: 10.15%). Overall, 43 significantly discriminant metabolites were determined for engendering the metabolic variance based on the PLS-DA model (VIP > 0.7, p < 0.05). In general, a marked disparity in the relative abundance of amino acids ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 5 D, organic acids ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 5 D, and kojic acid ($S1_{VMI}$ < $S1_{Con}$) at 5-7 D were observed. Examining the headspace VOCs shared between S1 and S2 in the twin plate for 5 D incubated samples, we observed the relatively higher abundance of C-8 VOCs (1-octen-3-ol, (5Z)-octa-1,5-dien-3-ol, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol acetate) having known semiochemical functions. The present study potentially illuminates the effects of VMI on commercially important A. oryzae's growth and biochemical phenotypes with subtle details of altered metabolomes.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.141-153
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• 2006

In order to study the changes in hematology and serum chemistry of rats injected with glycerol, Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 240 to 260 gm were injected intramuscularly with a 50% solution of glycerol(8ml/kg). We measured the values of hematology and serum chemistry, and compared the measured values of S1 group(passed for 1day after injection of glycerol), S2 group(passed for 2days after injection of glycerol), S3 group(passed for 3days after injection of glycerol), S4 group(passed for 3days after injection of glycerol) and S5 group(passed for 4days after injection of glycerol) with those of Normal group(non-treated group). The results are summarized as follows : 1. In body temperature, S1, S2, S4 groups showed significantly higher compared with Normal group, especially S2 group was higher than S1 group(p<0.05). But S5 group was lower than Normal group(p<0.05). 2. In RBC, S1 group was lower than Normal group(p<0.05). And in Hct, S1, S2, S3 groups were lower than Normal group(p<0.05), in Hb, S1 and S3 groups were lower than Normal group(p<0.05). 3. In WBC, S1, S2 groups were higher than Normal group(p<0.05). and in WBC differential count, S2, S3, S5 groups were higher than N, S1, S4 groups in monocyte(p<0.05). 4. In GOT, S1 group was higher than Normal group(p<0.05), and S2, S3, S4, S5 groups were lower than S1 group(p<0.05). In GPT, S1 group was higher than Normal group(p<0.05), and S2, S3 groups were lower than S1 group(p<0.05), S4, S5 groups were lower than N, S1, S2, S3 groups(p<0.05). 5. In total cholesterol and creatinine, S4 group was higher than Normal group(p<0.05). According to the above experimental results, we could find the anemia, inflamation, damage of renal function for 4 days by intramuscularly injection with a 50% solution of glycerol(8ml/kg) in rat.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 1984

The origin of five small satellites (1980 S1, 1980 S3, 1980 S26, 1980 S27 and 1980 S28) and F-ring of Saturn which were recently discovered inside the orbit of Mimas, is proposed in terms of the resonant effects by external satellites in the Saturnian primordial extended ring. From the calculations of resonance locations and strengths, the following conclusion could be derived. Assuming that present two objects 1980 S1 and 1980 S3 were originally a single object 1980 S1+S3, 1980 S1+S3 had been formed due to Enceladus' 2/1 resonance and 1980 S26 due to Mimas' 3/2 resonance at first and then 1980 S28. 1980 S27 and F-ring were formed in the next due to 1980 S1+S3's 8/7, 9/8 and 10/9 resonances, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.98-105
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• 2023

Background: Ultrasound-guided first sacral transforaminal epidural steroid injection (S1 TFESI) is a useful and easily applicable alternative to fluoroscopy or computed tomography (CT) in lumbosacral radiculopathy. When a needle approach is used, poor visualization of the needle tip reduces the accuracy of the procedure, increasing its difficulty. This study aimed to improve ultrasound-guided S1 TFESI by evaluating radiological S1 posterior foramen data obtained using three-dimensional CT (3D-CT). Methods: Axial 3D-CT images of the pelvis were retrospectively analyzed. The radiological measurements obtained from the images included 1st posterior sacral foramen depth (S1D, mm), 1st posterior sacral foramen width (S1W, mm), the angle of the 1st posterior sacral foramen (S1A, °), and 1st posterior sacral foramen distance (S1ds, mm). The relationship between the demographic factors and measured values were then analyzed. Results: A total of 632 patients (287 male and 345 female) were examined. The mean S1D values for males and females were 11.9 ± 1.9 mm and 10.6 ± 1.8 mm, respectively (P < 0.001); the mean S1A 28.2 ± 4.8° and 30.1 ± 4.9°, respectively (P < 0.001); and the mean S1ds, 24.1 ± 2.9 mm and 22.9 ± 2.6 mm, respectively (P < 0.001); however, the mean S1W values were not significantly different. Height was the only significant predictor of S1D (β = 0.318, P = 0.004). Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided S1 TFESI performance and safety may be improved with adjustment of needle insertion depth congruent with the patient's height.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.640-648
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• 2005

Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) is known as an acute multi-systemic vasculitis with various immunologic abnormalities. Adhesion of leukocyte to endothelial cells is a key event in the sequence of inflammatory response. This study was performed to investigate the clinical significance of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in acute and subacute stages of typical KD for diagnostic and prognostic value. Methods : A typical KD group was 32 patients who were hospitalized from Jan. 2002 to Jun. 2004 was enrolled. Control was 16 non-KD patients with febrile illness. sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were measured and compared by Echocardiographic and clinical findings and cardiac troponin T and I. Results : sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels of acute KD were significantly elevated over control(P=0.019 vs. P=0.049, respectively) and sICAM-1 was significantly decreased in subacute stage(P=0.0015). sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 had positive correlation with each other in both stages(P=0.0067, P=0.015, retrospectively). Neither sICAM-1 nor sVCAM-1 correctly reflected the coronary abnormalities and responsiveness to intravenous gammaglobulin(IVGG) in both stages. But sVCAM-1 was significantly increased in the carditis group in both stages(P=0.025, P=0.014, retrospectively) and had a positive correlation with troponin T(r=0.63, P=0.00063). Conclusion : The levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were not very useful tools for detecting and predicting subsequent coronary abnormalities and responsiveness to IVGG in KD patients. However, sVCAM-1 appears to play a significant role in carditis of KD. Further studies are needed about various adhesion molecules and cytokines in the pathogenesis of KD.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2012

Experiments were conducted to investigate the optimum concentration of nutrient solution in hydroponics for strawberry 'Ssanta' bred at Gyongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services. Nutrient solutions for strawberry, which made by Yamazaki, were supplied EC (Electrical Conductivity) 0.6, 0.8, 1.2, and $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ after planting on cocopeat medium during experiment period. Growth of shoot of strawberries did not show statistical differences among treatments. Fruit length showed the longest in EC $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in all clusters. In the second flower cluster, fruit length showed longer in EC 0.8 and $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ than EC 0.6 and $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. In the third flower cluster, it showed the longest in EC 0.8 and $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, followed by 0.6 and $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The longest was in EC $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and the shortest in EC $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in the fourth flower cluster. Fruit diameter did not show significant differences among treatments, but longest in EC 0.8 and $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in all clusters. The heaviest mean fruit weight appeared in EC $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in all flower clusters. And heavier in EC $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in the second and third clusters. Also the weight was significantly light in plants grown in EC 0.6 and $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in the second and third cluster. Soluble solids of fruit was the highest in EC $0.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in all clusters. As the results, we came to the conclusion that the optimum EC for strawberry 'Ssanta' was EC $0.8{\sim}1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in this experiment.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.43 no.12 s.439
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• pp.799-808
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• 2005

이 연구의 목적은 치수 및 치근단 조직의 감염의 주요 원인들이 Porphyromonas endodontalis의 LPS가 치주인대 섬유아세포의 MCP-1 MIP-1α 그리고 RANTES의 생성에 미치는 영향을 관찰함으로써 치근단 염중의 발병에서 섬유아세포의 역할을 알아보는 것이다. 혐기성 조건에서 배양한 P. endodontalis와 E. coil의 LPS를 추출, 정제한 후, 치주인대 섬유아세포 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10ug/ml 농도의 P. endodontalis와 E. coil의 LPS로 12, 24, 48시간 동안 자극하였다. MCP-1, MIP-1α 그리고 RANTES의 단백질 농도는 ELISA를 이용하여 분석하였다. 이연구의 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. P. endodontalis의 LPS로 자극시킨 치주인대 섬유아세포에서 분비된 MCP-1의 수준은 시간과 농도에 비례하여 증가하였다. 2.E.coil의 LPS로 자극시킨 치주인대 섬유아세포에서 분비된 MCP-1의 양도 시간에 비례하여 증가함을 보였다. 이는 P. endodontalis LPS보다 통계적으로 유의성있게 많은 양을 나타냈다.(p<0.05) 3. 치주인대 섬유아세포에서 MIP-1α 과 RANTES는 거의 분비되지 않았다. 이 연구에서 세균의 LPS로 자극시 치주인대 섬유아세포 MCP-1의 강한 발현은 만성 치근단 염증의 초기에 단핵세포와 대식세포의 recruitment를 증가시키는 것고 관련되어지는 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2011

Migration and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells are crucial for tissue regeneration in response to injury. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that regulates a variety of biological processes, including proliferation, survival, differentiation and motility. In the present study, we determined the role of S1P in migration and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). S1P stimulated migration of BMSCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and pre-incubation of the cells with pertussis toxin completely abrogated S1P-induced migration, suggesting involvement of Gi-coupled receptors in S1P-induced cell migration. S1P elicited elevation of intracellular concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) and pretreatment with VPC23019, an antagonist of $S1P_1/S1P_3$, blocked S1P-induced migration and increase of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous $S1P_1$ attenuated S1P-induced migration of BMSCs. Furthermore, S1P treatment induced expression of $\alpha$-smooth muscle actin ($\alpha$-SMA), a smooth muscle marker, and pretreatment with VPC23019 abrogated S1P-induced $\alpha$-SMA expression. S1P induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and pretreatment of cells with SB202190, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, or adenoviral overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of the p38 MAPK blocked S1P-induced cell migration and $\alpha$-SMA expression. Taken together, these results suggest that S1P stimulates migration and smooth muscle differentiation of BMSCs through an $S1P_1$-p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism.